Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (tseem hu ua: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium ntsev ntawm Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws thiab qhov ntau tshaj plaws siv hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no hom cellulose.
CMC-Na luv luv, yog ib qho cellulose derivative nrog glucose polymerization degree ntawm 100-2000, thiab ib qho molecular mass ntawm 242.16. Dawb fibrous los yog granular hmoov. Tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis muaj saj, tsis muaj saj, hygroscopic, insoluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents.
Cov khoom yooj yim
1. Cov qauv molecular ntawm sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Nws tau tsim thawj zaug los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees xyoo 1918, thiab nws tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj xyoo 1921 thiab tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb. Kev tsim khoom lag luam tau ua tiav hauv Tebchaws Europe. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tsuas yog cov khoom siv raw, siv ua colloid thiab binder. Txij li xyoo 1936 txog 1941, kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv sodium carboxymethyl cellulose tau ua haujlwm zoo heev, thiab ntau daim ntawv pov thawj tau tsim. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau siv sodium carboxymethylcellulose hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes. Hercules tau ua sodium carboxymethylcellulose thawj zaug hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1943, thiab tsim cov sodium carboxymethylcellulose refined xyoo 1946, uas tau lees paub tias yog cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo. Kuv lub tebchaws tau pib txais yuav nws xyoo 1970, thiab nws tau siv dav hauv xyoo 1990. Nws yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws thiab qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cellulose hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.
Cov mis qauv: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Cov mis molecular: C8H11O7Na
Cov khoom no yog cov ntsev sodium ntawm cellulose carboxymethyl ether, ib qho anionic fiber
2. Cov tsos ntawm sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Cov khoom no yog cov ntsev sodium ntawm cellulose carboxymethyl ether, ib qho anionic cellulose ether, dawb lossis milky dawb fibrous hmoov lossis granule, qhov ceev 0.5-0.7 g / cm3, yuav luag tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsis muaj saj, hygroscopic. Nws yooj yim rau disperse hauv dej los tsim cov kua colloidal pob tshab, thiab tsis yaj hauv cov organic solvents xws li ethanol [1]. Lub pH ntawm 1% aqueous kua yog 6.5-8.5, thaum pH> 10 lossis <5, qhov viscosity ntawm mucilage txo qis heev, thiab kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum pH = 7. Ruaj khov rau cua sov, qhov viscosity nce sai hauv qab 20 ° C, thiab hloov maj mam ntawm 45 ° C. Kev ua kom sov ntev tshaj 80 ° C tuaj yeem denatured lub colloid thiab txo qhov viscosity thiab kev ua tau zoo. Nws yooj yim yaj hauv dej, thiab cov kua yog pob tshab; Nws ruaj khov heev hauv cov kua alkaline, tab sis nws yooj yim hydrolyzed thaum nws ntsib acid, thiab nws yuav precipitate thaum tus nqi pH yog 2-3, thiab nws tseem yuav react nrog polyvalent hlau ntsev.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb
Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom siv tuab hauv kev lag luam zaub mov, ua tus nqa tshuaj hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, thiab ua tus neeg sawv cev thiab tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev lag luam tshuaj txhua hnub. Hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv thiab zas xim, nws yog siv los ua cov colloid tiv thaiv rau cov neeg sawv cev ntsuas thiab cov nplaum luam ntawv. Hauv kev lag luam petrochemical, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv ntawm cov kua roj rov qab los. [2]
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose tsis sib haum nrog cov kua qaub muaj zog, cov ntsev hlau uas yaj tau, thiab qee cov hlau xws li txhuas, mercury, thiab zinc. Thaum pH tsawg dua 2, thiab thaum sib xyaw nrog 95% ethanol, yuav muaj nag los.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose tuaj yeem tsim cov co-agglomerates nrog gelatin thiab pectin, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog collagen, uas tuaj yeem precipitate qee cov protein them zoo.
khoom siv tes ua
CMC feem ntau yog ib qho anionic polymer compound npaj los ntawm reacting ntuj cellulose nrog caustic alkali thiab monochloroacetic acid, nrog ib tug molecular hnyav ntawm 6400 (± 1 000). Cov by-products tseem ceeb yog sodium chloride thiab sodium glycolate. CMC yog rau ntuj cellulose hloov kho. Lub Koom Haum Khoom Noj thiab Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm United Nations (FAO) thiab Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau officially hu ua nws "hloov kho cellulose".
Cov cim qhia tseem ceeb los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm CMC yog qib ntawm kev hloov pauv (DS) thiab kev huv. Feem ntau, cov khoom ntawm CMC txawv yog tias DS txawv; qhov siab dua qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, qhov muaj zog dua qhov solubility, thiab qhov zoo dua qhov pob tshab thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj. Raws li cov ntawv ceeb toom, qhov pob tshab ntawm CMC zoo dua thaum qib ntawm kev hloov pauv yog 0.7-1.2, thiab qhov viscosity ntawm nws cov kua dej yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thaum tus nqi pH yog 6-9. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias nws zoo, ntxiv rau kev xaiv tus neeg sawv cev etherification, qee yam uas cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev huv kuj yuav tsum tau xav txog, xws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus nqi ntawm alkali thiab tus neeg sawv cev etherification, lub sijhawm etherification, cov dej hauv lub cev, qhov kub thiab txias, tus nqi pH, kev daws teeb meem thiab ntsev thiab lwm yam.
qhov xwm txheej tam sim no
Yuav kom daws tau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv raw (paj rwb ua los ntawm paj rwb linters), nyob rau xyoo tas los no, qee lub chaw tshawb fawb hauv kuv lub teb chaws tau koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab lag luam los siv cov quav nplej, paj rwb av (paj rwb pov tseg), thiab cov taum pauv dregs los tsim CMC kom ua tiav. Tus nqi tsim khoom raug txo qis heev, uas qhib qhov chaw tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau CMC kev lag luam tsim khoom thiab paub txog kev siv cov peev txheej tag nrho. Ntawm ib sab tes, tus nqi tsim khoom raug txo qis, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, CMC tab tom tsim kho mus rau qhov tseeb dua. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm CMC feem ntau tsom mus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom uas twb muaj lawm thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, nrog rau cov khoom CMC tshiab nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li "solvent-slurry method" [3] txheej txheem uas tau tsim kho zoo txawv teb chaws thiab tau siv dav. Ib hom CMC hloov kho tshiab nrog kev ruaj khov siab tau tsim tawm. Vim muaj qib siab dua ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev faib tawm ntau dua ntawm cov neeg hloov pauv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam tsim khoom thiab cov chaw siv nyuaj kom ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem siab dua. Thoob ntiaj teb, hom CMC hloov kho tshiab no kuj hu ua "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
kev nyab xeeb
Kev ruaj ntseg siab, ADI tsis xav tau cov kev cai, thiab cov qauv hauv tebchaws tau tsim [4].
daim ntawv thov
Cov khoom no muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev khi, thickening, strengthening, emulsifying, water retention thiab suspension.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm CMC hauv zaub mov
FAO thiab WHO tau pom zoo siv CMC ntshiab hauv zaub mov. Nws tau pom zoo tom qab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev kuaj mob nruj heev. Qhov kev noj haus zoo (ADI) ntawm tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb yog 25mg / (kg · d), uas yog li 1.5 g / d rau ib tus neeg. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias qee tus neeg tsis muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj thaum noj txog 10 kg. CMC tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho emulsification stabilizer thiab thickener zoo hauv kev siv zaub mov, tab sis kuj muaj kev ruaj khov zoo heev thiab yaj, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov saj ntawm cov khoom thiab ntev lub sijhawm khaws cia. Tus nqi siv hauv mis taum pauv, ice cream, ice cream, jelly, dej haus, thiab cov kaus poom yog li 1% txog 1.5%. CMC kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov emulsified dispersion ruaj khov nrog vinegar, kua ntses taum pauv, roj zaub, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua zaub, kua zaub, thiab lwm yam, thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 0.2% txog 0.5%. Tshwj xeeb, nws muaj kev ua tau zoo emulsifying rau cov roj tsiaj thiab zaub, proteins thiab cov kua dej, ua rau nws tsim cov emulsion homogeneous nrog kev ua tau zoo ruaj khov. Vim nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab, nws cov koob tshuaj tsis txwv los ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv kev huv huv zaub mov ADI. CMC tau tsim kho tas li hauv kev ua zaub mov, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv sodium carboxymethylcellulose hauv kev tsim cawv kuj tau ua tiav.
Kev siv CMC hauv kev kho mob
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, nws siv tau ua cov tshuaj emulsion stabilizer rau kev txhaj tshuaj, ib qho binder thiab ib qho zaj duab xis-tsim tus neeg sawv cev rau cov ntsiav tshuaj. Ib txhia neeg tau ua pov thawj tias CMC yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev sim yooj yim thiab tsiaj. Siv CMC ua cov khoom siv membrane, daim ntawv hloov kho ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj Yangyin Shengji Hmoov, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, tuaj yeem siv rau cov qhov txhab dermabrasion thiab cov qhov txhab raug mob. Kev tshawb fawb qauv tsiaj tau qhia tias zaj duab xis tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob qhov txhab thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub qhwv gauze. Hauv kev tswj cov kua dej tawm ntawm qhov txhab thiab kho qhov txhab sai, zaj duab xis no zoo dua li cov ntaub qhwv gauze, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo qhov o thiab qhov txhab khaus tom qab phais. Zaj duab xis npaj ua los ntawm polyvinyl cawv: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 3: 6: 1 yog daim ntawv qhia zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qhov sib txuas thiab tso tawm tau nce ntxiv. Qhov sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj, lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qhov ncauj thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj hauv kev npaj tau zoo dua. Bupivacaine yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos muaj zog, tab sis nws qee zaum tuaj yeem tsim cov kev mob tshwm sim loj heev ntawm lub plawv thaum raug tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, thaum bupivacaine siv dav hauv kev kho mob, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm nws cov tshuaj lom neeg yeej ib txwm tau them sai dua. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshuaj tau qhia tias CIVIC ua cov tshuaj tso tawm uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj bupivacaine tuaj yeem txo cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj. Hauv kev phais PRK, kev siv cov tshuaj tetracaine tsawg thiab cov tshuaj tsis-steroidal anti-inflammatory ua ke nrog CMC tuaj yeem txo qhov mob tom qab phais. Kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm peritoneal tom qab phais thiab txo qhov kev thaiv plab hnyuv yog ib qho teeb meem txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws hauv kev phais mob. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias CMC zoo dua li sodium hyaluronate hauv kev txo qib ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm peritoneal tom qab phais, thiab tuaj yeem siv ua txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm peritoneal adhesions. CMC siv rau hauv catheter hepatic arterial infusion ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov qog, txhim kho lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kho. Hauv kev kho tsiaj, CMC kuj muaj ntau yam kev siv. Nws tau tshaj tawm [5] tias kev tso 1% CMC kua rau hauv plab hnyuv muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv dystocia thiab kev sib txuas hauv plab tom qab phais txoj hlab ntaws hauv tsiaj txhu.
CMC hauv lwm yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam
Hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, CMC tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv av rov qab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub hydrophobic synthetic fiber, uas zoo dua li carboxymethyl fiber.
CMC siv tau los tiv thaiv cov qhov roj ua ib qho av nkos stabilizer thiab dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev hauv kev khawb roj. Cov koob tshuaj rau txhua qhov roj yog 2.3t rau cov qhov dej ntiav thiab 5.6t rau cov qhov dej tob;
Hauv kev lag luam textile, nws yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev sizing, ib qho thickener rau kev luam ntawv thiab dyeing paste, luam ntawv textile thiab stiffening finishing. Thaum siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev sizing, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho solubility thiab viscosity, thiab yooj yim rau desizing; ua tus neeg sawv cev stiffening, nws cov koob tshuaj yog siab tshaj 95%; thaum siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev sizing, lub zog thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm zaj duab xis loj tau txhim kho zoo heev; nrog rau cov ntaub fibroin rov ua dua tshiab. Cov ntaub sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj carboxymethyl cellulose yog siv los ua lub matrix rau immobilizing glucose oxidase, thiab glucose oxidase thiab ferrocene carboxylate yog immobilized, thiab cov glucose biosensor ua tau muaj kev rhiab heev thiab ruaj khov dua. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias thaum silica gel homogenate tau npaj nrog CMC kua nrog qhov concentration ntawm kwv yees li 1% (w/v), qhov kev ua tau zoo chromatographic ntawm cov phaj nyias-txheej npaj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tib lub sijhawm, cov phaj nyias-txheej coated nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws muaj lub zog txheej tsim nyog, haum rau ntau yam kev kuaj, yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm. CMC muaj kev sib txuas rau feem ntau cov fibers thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib txuas ntawm cov fibers. Qhov ruaj khov ntawm nws cov viscosity tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm qhov loj me, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xaws. Nws kuj tseem siv tau ua tus neeg sawv cev tiav rau cov ntaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ua tiav tsis tu ncua, uas coj kev hloov pauv ruaj khov rau cov ntaub.
CMC siv tau ua tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj, emulsifier, dispersant, leveling agent, thiab nplaum rau cov txheej. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom khov kho ntawm cov txheej faib sib npaug hauv cov kuab tshuaj, yog li cov txheej tsis delaminate ntev. Nws kuj tseem siv dav hauv cov xim pleev xim.
Thaum CMC siv ua flocculant, nws zoo dua li sodium gluconate hauv kev tshem tawm cov calcium ions. Thaum siv ua cation pauv, nws lub peev xwm pauv tau txog 1.6 ml / g.
CMC yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev rau kev ntsuas ntawv hauv kev lag luam ntawv, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog qhuav thiab lub zog ntub ntawm daim ntawv, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv roj, kev nqus kua mem thiab kev tiv thaiv dej.
CMC yog siv ua hydrosol hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab ua cov khoom siv tuab hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, thiab nws cov koob tshuaj yog li 5%.
CMC siv tau ua flocculant, chelating agent, emulsifier, thickener, water retaining agent, sizing agent, film-forming material, thiab lwm yam, thiab kuj siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj tua kab, tawv, plastics, printing, ceramics, tshuaj txhuam hniav, tshuaj txhua hnub thiab lwm yam teb, thiab vim nws ua tau zoo heev thiab ntau yam kev siv, nws pheej qhib cov teb tshiab, thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev ua lag luam yog dav heev.
Cov kev ceev faj
(1) Qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom no nrog cov kua qaub muaj zog, alkali muaj zog, thiab cov hlau hnyav ions (xws li txhuas, zinc, mercury, nyiaj, hlau, thiab lwm yam) yog contraindicated.
(2) Qhov kev noj haus uas tso cai rau cov khoom no yog 0-25mg/kg·d.
Cov Lus Qhia
Sib tov CMC ncaj qha nrog dej kom ua kua nplaum rau tom qab siv. Thaum teeb tsa CMC kua nplaum, ua ntej ntxiv ib qho dej huv rau hauv lub tank batching nrog lub cuab yeej sib tov, thiab thaum lub cuab yeej sib tov qhib, maj mam thiab sib npaug sib npaug rau CMC rau hauv lub tank batching, sib tov tas li, kom CMC sib xyaw nrog dej, CMC tuaj yeem yaj tag nrho. Thaum yaj CMC, qhov laj thawj vim li cas nws yuav tsum tau sib tov thiab sib tov tas li yog "tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, kev sib sau ua ke, thiab txo cov CMC yaj thaum CMC ntsib dej", thiab kom nce tus nqi yaj ntawm CMC. Lub sijhawm rau kev sib tov tsis zoo ib yam li lub sijhawm rau CMC kom yaj tag nrho. Lawv yog ob lub tswv yim. Feem ntau hais lus, lub sijhawm rau kev sib tov luv dua li lub sijhawm rau CMC kom yaj tag nrho. Lub sijhawm xav tau rau ob qho nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Lub hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab lub sijhawm nplawm yog: thaumCMCyog sib xyaw ua ke hauv dej thiab tsis muaj cov pob loj pom tseeb, qhov kev nplawm tuaj yeem nres, cia CMC thiab dej nkag mus thiab sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub xeev sawv ntsug.
Lub hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab lub sijhawm uas CMC yuav tsum tau yaj tag yog raws li nram no:
(1) CMC thiab dej sib txuas ua ke tag nrho, thiab tsis muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom khov thiab kua ntawm ob qho;
(2) Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev sib xws, thiab qhov chaw yog tiaj tus thiab du;
(3) Cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj nplaum sib xyaw yog ze li tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom me me hauv cov tshuaj nplaum. Txij lub sijhawm uas CMC raug muab tso rau hauv lub tank batching thiab sib xyaw nrog dej mus txog rau lub sijhawm uas CMC yaj tag, lub sijhawm xav tau yog ntawm 10 thiab 20 teev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-26-2024