Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (wanda kuma aka sani da: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium gishirin Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) shine nau'in cellulose da aka fi amfani da shi kuma shine mafi girman adadin da ake amfani da shi a duniya a yau.
A takaice dai, CMC-Na wani sinadari ne na cellulose wanda ke da matakin polymerization na glucose na 100-2000, kuma nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 242.16. Farin foda mai kama da fata ko granular. Ba shi da wari, ba shi da dandano, ba shi da ɗanɗano, ba shi da hygroscopic, ba ya narkewa a cikin sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta.
Kayayyakin asali
1. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Jamus ce ta fara samar da shi a shekarar 1918, kuma an ba shi haƙƙin mallaka a shekarar 1921 kuma ya bayyana a duniya. An samu nasarar samar da kayayyaki a Turai tun daga lokacin. A wancan lokacin, samfurin ɗanyen mai ne kawai, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman colloid da binder. Daga 1936 zuwa 1941, binciken masana'antu na sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ya kasance mai aiki sosai, kuma an ƙirƙiro wasu haƙƙin mallaka masu ban sha'awa. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Jamus ta yi amfani da sodium carboxymethylcellulose a cikin sabulun sabulun roba. Hercules ta yi sodium carboxymethylcellulose a karon farko a Amurka a 1943, kuma ta samar da sodium carboxymethylcellulose mai inganci a 1946, wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin ƙarin abinci mai aminci. Ƙasata ta fara amfani da shi a shekarun 1970, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a shekarun 1990. Ita ce mafi yawan amfani da cellulose a duniya a yau.
Tsarin tsari: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: C8H11O7Na
Wannan samfurin shine gishirin sodium na cellulose carboxymethyl ether, wani zaren anionic
2. Bayyanar sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Wannan samfurin shine gishirin sodium na cellulose carboxymethyl ether, wani anionic cellulose ether, fari ko farin madara mai kama da foda ko granule, yawan 0.5-0.7 g/cm3, kusan babu ƙamshi, babu ɗanɗano, hygroscopic. Yana da sauƙin warwatsewa a cikin ruwa don samar da maganin colloidal mai haske, kuma ba ya narkewa a cikin abubuwan narkewa na halitta kamar ethanol [1]. pH na maganin ruwa na 1% shine 6.5-8.5, lokacin da pH>10 ko <5, danko na mucilage yana raguwa sosai, kuma aikin shine mafi kyau lokacin da pH = 7. Yana da kwanciyar hankali don zafi, danko yana tashi da sauri ƙasa da 20°C, kuma yana canzawa a hankali a 45°C. Dumama na dogon lokaci sama da 80°C na iya lalata colloid kuma yana rage danko da aiki sosai. Yana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa, kuma maganin yana da haske; Yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin ruwan alkaline, amma ana iya haɗa shi cikin sauƙi lokacin da ya haɗu da acid, kuma zai yi tauri lokacin da ƙimar pH ta kasance 2-3, kuma zai kuma yi aiki da gishirin ƙarfe mai yawa.
Babban manufar
Ana amfani da shi a matsayin mai kauri a masana'antar abinci, a matsayin mai jigilar magunguna a masana'antar magunguna, kuma a matsayin mai ɗaurewa da hana sake gurɓata muhalli a masana'antar sinadarai ta yau da kullun. A masana'antar bugawa da rini, ana amfani da shi a matsayin mai kariya don aunawa da manna bugu. A masana'antar sinadarai ta man fetur, ana iya amfani da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ruwan mai maido da mai. [2]
Rashin jituwa
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose bai dace da sinadaran acid masu ƙarfi ba, gishirin ƙarfe mai narkewa, da wasu ƙarfe kamar aluminum, mercury, da zinc. Idan pH ɗin ya ƙasa da 2, kuma idan aka haɗa shi da ethanol 95%, ruwan sama zai faru.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na iya samar da co-agglomerates tare da gelatin da pectin, kuma yana iya samar da hadaddun abubuwa tare da collagen, wanda zai iya haifar da wasu furotin masu caji mai kyau.
sana'a
CMC yawanci wani sinadari ne na anionic polymer wanda ake samarwa ta hanyar yin reaction cellulose na halitta tare da caustic alkali da monochloroacetic acid, wanda nauyin kwayoyin halitta ya kai 6400 (±1000). Manyan abubuwan da ke cikinsa sune sodium chloride da sodium glycolate. CMC na cikin gyaran cellulose na halitta. Hukumar Abinci da Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) sun kira shi a hukumance "modified cellulose".
Manyan alamomin da za a auna ingancin CMC sune matakin maye gurbin (DS) da tsarki. Gabaɗaya, halayen CMC sun bambanta idan DS ya bambanta; mafi girman matakin maye gurbin, ƙarfin narkewar ruwa, kuma mafi kyawun bayyanawa da kwanciyar hankali na maganin. A cewar rahotanni, bayyanawar CMC ya fi kyau lokacin da matakin maye gurbin shine 0.7-1.2, kuma ɗanko na ruwan maganin sa shine mafi girma lokacin da ƙimar pH shine 6-9. Domin tabbatar da ingancinsa, ban da zaɓin wakilin etherification, dole ne a yi la'akari da wasu abubuwan da ke shafar matakin maye gurbin da tsarki, kamar alaƙar da ke tsakanin adadin alkaline da etherification, lokacin etherification, abun da ke cikin ruwa a cikin tsarin, zafin jiki, ƙimar pH, maida hankali da gishiri da sauransu.
matsayin da ake ciki
Domin magance ƙarancin kayan masarufi (auduga mai tsafta da aka yi da auduga), a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu sassan bincike na kimiyya a ƙasata sun yi haɗin gwiwa da kamfanoni don amfani da bambaro na shinkafa, audugar da aka niƙa (auduga mai sharar gida), da ɗigon wake don samar da CMC cikin nasara. An rage farashin samarwa sosai, wanda ke buɗe sabon tushen kayan masarufi don samar da masana'antu na CMC kuma yana cimma cikakken amfani da albarkatu. A gefe guda, farashin samarwa ya ragu, kuma a gefe guda, CMC yana haɓakawa zuwa mafi daidaito. Bincike da haɓaka CMC galibi suna mai da hankali kan sauya fasahar samarwa da ke akwai da kuma ƙirƙirar tsarin masana'antu, da kuma sabbin samfuran CMC masu halaye na musamman, kamar tsarin "hanyar narkewar abinci" [3] wanda aka haɓaka cikin nasara a ƙasashen waje kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai. Ana samar da sabon nau'in CMC da aka gyara tare da kwanciyar hankali mai yawa. Saboda babban matakin maye gurbin da kuma rarrabawa iri ɗaya na maye gurbin, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin fannoni daban-daban na samar da masana'antu da yanayin amfani mai rikitarwa don biyan buƙatun tsari mafi girma. A duk duniya, ana kuma kiran wannan sabon nau'in CMC da aka gyara da "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
aminci
Tsaro mai ƙarfi, ADI ba ta buƙatar ƙa'idoji, kuma an tsara ƙa'idodin ƙasa [4].
aikace-aikace
Wannan samfurin yana da ayyukan ɗaurewa, kauri, ƙarfafawa, emulsifying, riƙe ruwa da dakatarwa.
Amfani da CMC a cikin abinci
Hukumar FAO da WHO sun amince da amfani da sinadarin CMC mai tsafta a cikin abinci. An amince da shi bayan bincike da gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri na halittu da guba. Amfanin shan sa lafiya (ADI) na ƙa'idar ƙasa da ƙasa shine 25mg/(kg·d), wato kimanin 1.5 g/d ga kowane mutum. An ruwaito cewa wasu mutane ba su sami wani mummunan sakamako ba lokacin da shan ya kai kilogiram 10. CMC ba wai kawai yana daidaita emulsification da kauri ba ne a aikace-aikacen abinci, har ma yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na daskarewa da narkewa, kuma yana iya inganta ɗanɗanon samfurin kuma ya tsawaita lokacin ajiya. Adadin da ake amfani da shi a cikin madarar waken soya, ice cream, ice cream, jelly, abubuwan sha, da gwangwani kusan 1% zuwa 1.5%. CMC kuma na iya samar da warwatse mai ƙarfi na emulsified tare da vinegar, miyar waken soya, man kayan lambu, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, miya, ruwan kayan lambu, da sauransu, kuma adadin shine 0.2% zuwa 0.5%. Musamman, yana da kyakkyawan aikin emulsifying ga man dabbobi da kayan lambu, sunadarai da ruwan sha, wanda ke ba shi damar samar da emulsion iri ɗaya tare da aiki mai ƙarfi. Saboda aminci da amincinsa, yawan amfani da shi ba a iyakance shi ga ƙa'idar tsaftar abinci ta ƙasa ta ADI ba. An ci gaba da haɓaka CMC a fannin abinci, kuma an gudanar da bincike kan amfani da sodium carboxymethylcellulose a cikin samar da ruwan inabi.
Amfani da CMC a fannin likitanci
A masana'antar magunguna, ana iya amfani da shi azaman mai daidaita emulsion don allura, mai ɗaurewa da kuma wakili mai samar da fim don allunan. Wasu mutane sun tabbatar da cewa CMC amintacce ne kuma amintaccen mai ɗaukar magungunan hana ciwon daji ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje na asali da na dabbobi. Ta amfani da CMC a matsayin kayan membrane, ana iya amfani da nau'in maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin da aka gyara na Yangyin Shengji Foda, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, don raunukan tiyatar fata da raunuka masu rauni. Nazarin samfurin dabbobi ya nuna cewa fim ɗin yana hana kamuwa da rauni kuma ba shi da wani bambanci mai mahimmanci daga miya gauze. Dangane da sarrafa fitar da ruwa daga kyallen rauni da warkar da rauni cikin sauri, wannan fim ɗin ya fi kyau fiye da miya gauze, kuma yana da tasirin rage kumburi bayan tiyata da ƙaiƙayi na rauni. Shirya fim ɗin da aka yi da barasar polyvinyl: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene a rabo na 3:6:1 shine mafi kyawun magani, kuma ƙimar mannewa da fitarwa duka suna ƙaruwa. Mannewar shiri, lokacin zama na shiri a cikin ramin baki da ingancin maganin a cikin shiri duk an inganta su sosai. Bupivacaine maganin sa barci ne mai ƙarfi a gida, amma wani lokacin yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini idan aka yi amfani da shi a guba. Saboda haka, yayin da ake amfani da bupivacaine sosai a asibiti, bincike kan rigakafi da maganin halayensa masu guba koyaushe ana ba da kulawa sosai. Nazarin magunguna ya nuna cewa CIVIC a matsayin wani abu mai dorewa wanda aka tsara tare da maganin bupivacaine na iya rage tasirin maganin sosai. A cikin tiyatar PRK, amfani da tetracaine mai ƙarancin taro da magungunan hana kumburi marasa steroid tare da CMC na iya rage radadin bayan tiyata sosai. Rigakafin mannewar peritoneal bayan tiyata da rage toshewar hanji suna ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi damuwa a tiyatar asibiti. Nazarin ya nuna cewa CMC ya fi sodium hyaluronate kyau sosai wajen rage matakin mannewar peritoneal bayan tiyata, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman hanya mai tasiri don hana faruwar mannewar peritoneal. Ana amfani da CMC a cikin jiko na magungunan hana ciwon daji na hanta na catheter don maganin ciwon daji na hanta, wanda zai iya tsawaita lokacin zama na magungunan hana ciwon daji a cikin ƙari, haɓaka ƙarfin hana ciwon daji, da inganta tasirin warkewa. A fannin magungunan dabbobi, CMC yana da amfani iri-iri. An ruwaito [5] cewa dasa maganin CMC 1% a cikin mahaifa ga tumaki yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci wajen hana mannewar ciki da kuma mannewa bayan tiyatar haihuwa a cikin dabbobi.
CMC a wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu
A cikin sabulun wanke-wanke, ana iya amfani da CMC a matsayin maganin sake sanya ƙasa, musamman ga yadudduka na roba na hydrophobic, wanda ya fi fiber carboxymethyl kyau sosai.
Ana iya amfani da CMC don kare rijiyoyin mai a matsayin abin daidaita laka da kuma mai riƙe ruwa a haƙa mai. Yawan da ake buƙata ga kowace rijiya mai shine titin 2.3 ga rijiyoyin da ba su da zurfi da titin 5.6 ga rijiyoyi masu zurfi;
A masana'antar yadi, ana amfani da shi azaman wakili mai girma, mai kauri don bugawa da rini, buga yadi da kuma kammala tauri. Idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai girma, yana iya inganta narkewa da danko, kuma yana da sauƙin rage girmansa; a matsayin wakili mai tauri, yawansa ya wuce kashi 95%; idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai girma, ƙarfi da sassauci na fim ɗin girman suna inganta sosai; tare da fibroin siliki mai sake farfadowa Ana amfani da membrane mai hade da carboxymethyl cellulose azaman matrix don hana glucose oxidase motsi, kuma glucose oxidase da ferrocene carboxylate suna hana motsi, kuma glucose biosensor da aka yi yana da mafi girman hankali da kwanciyar hankali. Nazarin ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka shirya silica gel homogenate tare da maganin CMC tare da yawan kusan 1% (w/v), aikin chromatographic na farantin siririn da aka shirya shine mafi kyau. A lokaci guda, farantin siririn da aka lulluɓe a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau yana da ƙarfin Layer mai dacewa, wanda ya dace da dabarun samfura daban-daban, mai sauƙin aiki. CMC yana da mannewa ga yawancin zaruruwa kuma yana iya inganta haɗin kai tsakanin zaruruwa. Kwanciyar danshi zai iya tabbatar da daidaiton girmansa, ta haka ne zai inganta ingancin saƙa. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman abin karewa ga masaku, musamman don kammalawa na dindindin na hana wrinkles, wanda ke kawo sauye-sauye masu ɗorewa ga masaku.
Ana iya amfani da CMC a matsayin maganin hana lalata ƙasa, mai hana gurɓatawa, mai wargaza ƙasa, mai daidaita ƙasa, da kuma mannewa don rufewa. Yana iya sa sinadarin da ke cikin murfin ya zama daidai a cikin ruwan da ke narkewa, don kada murfin ya daɗe yana wargaza ƙasa. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fenti.
Idan aka yi amfani da CMC a matsayin flocculant, ya fi sodium gluconate tasiri wajen cire ions na calcium. Idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman musayar cation, ƙarfin musayarsa zai iya kaiwa 1.6 ml/g.
Ana amfani da CMC a matsayin wakilin girman takarda a masana'antar takarda, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin bushewa da ƙarfin danshi na takarda sosai, da kuma juriyar mai, sha tawada da juriyar ruwa.
Ana amfani da CMC a matsayin hydrosol a cikin kayan kwalliya da kuma a matsayin mai kauri a cikin man goge baki, kuma yawan sa shine kusan 5%.
Ana iya amfani da CMC a matsayin flocculant, chelating agent, emulsifier, thickener, ruwa retainer agent, size agent, film-forming product, da sauransu, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan lantarki, magungunan kashe kwari, fata, robobi, bugu, yumbu, man goge baki, sinadarai na yau da kullun da sauran fannoni, kuma saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa da kuma amfani da shi, koyaushe yana buɗe sabbin fannoni na aikace-aikace, kuma kasuwar tana da faɗi sosai.
Matakan kariya
(1) An hana jituwa da wannan samfurin da sinadarin acid mai ƙarfi, alkali mai ƙarfi, da ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi (kamar aluminum, zinc, mercury, azurfa, ƙarfe, da sauransu).
(2) Shawarar da aka yarda da ita ta wannan samfurin ita ce 0-25mg/kg·d.
Umarni
A haɗa CMC kai tsaye da ruwa don yin manne mai laushi don amfani daga baya. Lokacin da ake daidaita manne na CMC, da farko a ƙara wani adadin ruwa mai tsabta a cikin tankin tattarawa tare da na'urar juyawa, kuma lokacin da aka kunna na'urar juyawa, a hankali a yayyafa CMC a cikin tankin tattarawa, ana juyawa akai-akai, don CMC ya haɗu da ruwa gaba ɗaya, CMC zai iya narkewa gaba ɗaya. Lokacin narke CMC, dalilin da yasa yakamata a yayyafa shi daidai kuma a motsa shi akai-akai shine don "hana matsalolin tattarawa, tattarawa, da rage adadin CMC da ke narkewa lokacin da CMC ta haɗu da ruwa", da kuma ƙara yawan narkewar CMC. Lokacin juyawa ba iri ɗaya bane da lokacin da CMC zai narke gaba ɗaya. Waɗannan ra'ayoyi ne guda biyu. Gabaɗaya, lokacin juyawa ya fi guntu fiye da lokacin da CMC zai narke gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da ake buƙata don duka biyun ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin.
Tushen tantance lokacin juyawa shine: lokacin daCMCan warwatse a cikin ruwa a lokaci guda kuma babu manyan dunkule-dunkule a bayyane, ana iya dakatar da juyawar, yana barin CMC da ruwa su shiga su haɗu da juna a tsaye.
Tushen tantance lokacin da ake buƙata don CMC ta narke gaba ɗaya shine kamar haka:
(1) CMC da ruwa suna da alaƙa gaba ɗaya, kuma babu rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin su biyun;
(2) Manna ɗin da aka haɗa yana cikin yanayi iri ɗaya, kuma saman yana da faɗi da santsi;
(3) Launin manna da aka haɗa yana kusa da mara launi kuma yana da haske, kuma babu abubuwa masu kauri a cikin manna. Tun daga lokacin da aka saka CMC a cikin tankin tattarawa aka haɗa shi da ruwa zuwa lokacin da CMC ya narke gaba ɗaya, lokacin da ake buƙata shine tsakanin awanni 10 zuwa 20.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-26-2024