Selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl (izwi kandi nka: selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl, selulosi ya carboxymethyl,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, umunyu wa Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) ni yo ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikaba ari yo ikoreshwa cyane ku isi muri iki gihe.
Mu magambo make, CMC-Na ni ubwoko bwa selulosi bufite igipimo cya glucose polymerization cya 100-2000, n'uburemere bwa molekile bwa 242.16. Ifu y'umweru ifite fibrous cyangwa granular. Nta mpumuro, nta buryohe, nta buryohe, nta hygroscopic, ntashongesha mu binyabutabire by'umwimerere.
Imiterere y'ibanze
1. Imiterere ya molekile ya sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Yakozwe bwa mbere n'Ubudage mu 1918, kandi yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha mu 1921 ndetse igaragara ku isi. Kuva icyo gihe umusaruro w'ubucuruzi wageze ku rwego rw'i Burayi. Icyo gihe, yari umusaruro w'ibikomoka ku bimera gusa, wakoreshwaga nk'umusemburo w'ibinyabutabire n'umugozi. Kuva mu 1936 kugeza mu 1941, ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry'inganda kuri cellulose ya sodium carboxymethyl burakora cyane, kandi havumbuwe patenti nyinshi zitanga imbaraga. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Ubudage bwakoresheje sodium carboxymethylcellulose mu isabune y'ubukorano. Hercules yakoze sodium carboxymethylcellulose ku nshuro ya mbere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1943, inakora sodium carboxymethylcellulose itunganyijwe mu 1946, yari yemewe nk'inyongeramusaruro y'ibiribwa. Igihugu cyanjye cyatangiye kuyikoresha mu myaka ya 1970, kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mu myaka ya 1990. Ni yo cellulose ikoreshwa cyane kandi nini ku isi muri iki gihe.
Formule y'imiterere: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Formule y'ibinyabutabire: C8H11O7Na
Iki gicuruzwa ni umunyu wa sodium wa cellulose carboxymethyl ether, fibre anionic
2. Isura ya selulose ya sodium carboxymethyl (CMC)
Iki gicuruzwa ni umunyu wa sodium wa cellulose carboxymethyl ether, ether ya cellulose anionic, ifu y'umweru cyangwa iy'amata y'umweru cyangwa granule, ubucucike bwa 0.5-0.7 g / cm3, hafi ya yose nta mpumuro, nta buryohe, nta hygroscopic. Biroroshye gukwirakwira mu mazi kugira ngo bikore umuti wa colloidal ubonerana, kandi ntushobora gushonga mu bintu bishongesha nk'ibinyabutabire nka ethanol [1]. pH y'umuti wa 1% w'amazi ni 6.5-8.5, iyo pH iri> 10 cyangwa <5, ubushyuhe bwa mucilage bugabanuka cyane, kandi imikorere iba myiza iyo pH = 7. Ihamye ku bushyuhe, ubushyuhe buzamuka vuba munsi ya 20 ° C, kandi buhinduka buhoro buhoro kuri 45 ° C. Gushyushya igihe kirekire hejuru ya 80 ° C bishobora kwangiza colloide no kugabanya ubushyuhe n'imikorere. Biroroshye gushonga mu mazi, kandi umuti uba ubonerana; Irahamye cyane mu gisubizo cya alkaline, ariko irahita ishonga iyo ihuye na aside, kandi irahita igwa iyo pH iri hagati ya 2-3, kandi izagira ingaruka ku munyu wa polyvalent metal.
Intego nyamukuru
Ikoreshwa nk'inyunganiramirire mu nganda z'ibiribwa, nk'inyunganiramirire mu nganda zikora imiti, ndetse nk'inyunganiramirire n'inyunganiramirire mu nganda zikora imiti za buri munsi. Mu nganda zikora imirimo yo gucapa no gusiga amarangi, ikoreshwa nk'inyunganiramirire irinda ingano n'udupira two gucapa. Mu nganda zikora peteroli, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igice cy'amazi agarura amavuta. [2]
Kudahuza
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose ntabwo ihuye n'ibisubizo bikomeye bya aside, umunyu w'icyuma ushongeshwa, n'ibindi byuma nka aluminiyumu, mercure, na zinc. Iyo pH iri munsi ya 2, kandi iyo ivanze na 95% bya ethanol, imvura iragwa.
Selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl ishobora gukora co-agglomerates hamwe na gelatin na pectin, kandi ishobora no gukora complexes hamwe na collagen, ishobora gutuma poroteyine zimwe na zimwe zishyushye neza.
ubukorikori
Ubusanzwe CMC ni polymeri ya anionic ikorwa hifashishijwe cellulose karemano hamwe na aside caustic alkali na monochloroacetic, ifite uburemere bwa molekile 6400 (± 1 000). Ibikomoka ku bimera by'ingenzi ni sodium chloride na sodium glycolate. CMC ni iy'uburyo cellulose ihinduka karemano. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi (FAO) n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) bayise ku mugaragaro "cellulose ihinduka".
Ibipimo by'ingenzi bipima ubuziranenge bwa CMC ni urugero rwo gusimbuza (DS) n'ubuziranenge. Muri rusange, imiterere ya CMC iratandukanye iyo DS itandukanye; uko urugero rwo gusimbuza rurushaho kuba rwinshi, niko gushonga kw'amazi gukomera, kandi niko ubwiza n'ubudahangarwa by'umuti birushaho kuba byiza. Nk'uko raporo zibivuga, ubuziranenge bwa CMC buba bwiza iyo urugero rwo gusimbuza ruri hagati ya 0.7-1.2, kandi ubukana bw'umuti wayo w'amazi bukaba bunini iyo agaciro ka pH kari hagati ya 6-9. Kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bwayo, uretse guhitamo umuti ukoreshwa mu gusimbuza, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku rugero rwo gusimbuza n'ubuziranenge bigomba kandi kwitabwaho, nko isano iri hagati y'ingano ya alkali n'umuti ukoreshwa mu gusimbuza, igihe cyo gusimbuza, ingano y'amazi mu buryo, ubushyuhe, agaciro ka pH, ubushyuhe n'umunyu n'ibindi.
uko ibintu bimeze ubu
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibikoresho fatizo (ipamba itunganyijwe ikozwe mu ipamba), mu myaka ya vuba aha, amwe mu mashami y’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi mu gihugu cyanjye yafatanyije n’ibigo gukoresha neza ibyatsi by’umuceri, ipamba isya (ipamba y’imyanda), n’ibishishwa by’ibishyimbo kugira ngo bikore CMC neza. Ikiguzi cyo gukora kiragabanuka cyane, bikingura isoko rishya ry’ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora CMC mu nganda kandi bigakoresha umutungo wose. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikiguzi cyo gukora kiragabanuka, naho ku rundi ruhande, CMC irimo gutera imbere igana ku buhanga bwo hejuru. Ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rya CMC byibanda cyane cyane ku ihinduka ry’ikoranabuhanga risanzweho mu gukora no guhanga udushya mu nganda, ndetse n’ibicuruzwa bishya bya CMC bifite imiterere yihariye, nk’uburyo bwa “solvent-slurry method” [3] bwatejwe imbere mu mahanga kandi bwakoreshejwe cyane. Ubwoko bushya bwa CMC yahinduwe ifite umutekano mwinshi burakorwa. Bitewe n’urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimbuza no gukwirakwiza ibintu bimwe, ishobora gukoreshwa mu nzego nyinshi z’inganda n’ahantu hagoye ho gukoresha kugira ngo ihuze n’ibikenewe mu nganda. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ubu bwoko bushya bwa CMC bwahinduwe bwitwa kandi "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Polyanionic cellulose)".
umutekano
Umutekano mwinshi, ADI ntikeneye amabwiriza, kandi amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu yarashyizweho [4].
ubusabe
Iki gicuruzwa gifite inshingano zo gufatanya, gukurura, gukomeza, gukurura, kubika amazi no kuyahagarika.
Gukoresha CMC mu biribwa
FAO na OMS bemeje ikoreshwa rya CMC y’umwimerere mu biribwa. Yemejwe nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bukomeye bw’ibinyabuzima n’uburozi n’ibizamini. Ingano y’ikoreshwa ry’ibipimo mpuzamahanga ni 25mg/(kg·d), ni ukuvuga hafi 1.5 g/d kuri buri muntu. Byaravuzwe ko hari abantu batigeze bagira ingaruka mbi ubwo ikoreshwa ryageraga kuri 10 kg. CMC si uburyo bwiza bwo gushimangira no gukonjesha ibiryo, ahubwo inagira ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha no gushonga neza, kandi ishobora kunoza uburyohe bw’ibicuruzwa no kongera igihe cyo kubibika. Ingano ikoreshwa mu mata ya soya, ice cream, ice cream, jeli, ibinyobwa, n’amacupa ni hagati ya 1% na 1.5%. CMC ishobora kandi gukora isuku ihamye hamwe na vinegere, isosi ya soya, amavuta y’imboga, umutobe w’imbuto, isosi, umutobe w’imboga, nibindi, kandi ingano ni 0.2% kugeza 0.5%. By’umwihariko, ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza ibiryo ku mavuta y’inyamaswa n’ay’imboga, poroteyine n’amazi, bigatuma ikora emulsion imwe kandi ikora neza. Kubera umutekano wayo n'uburyo yizewe, ingano yayo ntigarukira ku gipimo cy’igihugu cy’isuku y’ibiribwa cya ADI. CMC yakomeje gutezwa imbere mu rwego rw’ibiribwa, kandi ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa rya sodium carboxymethylcellulose mu gukora divayi nabwo bwarakozwe.
Ikoreshwa rya CMC mu buvuzi
Mu nganda zikora imiti, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti ugabanya ubukana bw'imiti iterwa mu gutera inshinge, gufunga no gukora firime ku binini. Hari abantu bagaragaje ko CMC ari umuti wizewe kandi wizewe urwanya kanseri binyuze mu bushakashatsi bw'ibanze n'ubw'inyamaswa. Hakoreshejwe CMC nk'ibikoresho byo mu ruhu, uburyo bwahinduwe bw'umuti gakondo w'Abashinwa Yangyin Shengji Powder, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, bushobora gukoreshwa mu bikomere byo kubagwa dermabrasion n'ibikomere bikomeretse. Ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa bwagaragaje ko firime irinda kwandura ibikomere kandi nta tandukaniro rinini ifite n'imyambaro yo kwambara. Mu bijyanye no kugenzura isohoka ry'amazi mu mubiri w'ibikomere no gukira vuba kw'ibikomere, iyi firime ni nziza cyane kuruta imyenda yo kwambara, kandi igira ingaruka zo kugabanya kubyimba no kurakara nyuma yo kubagwa. Uburyo firime itegurwa ikozwe muri polyvinyl alcohol: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene ku gipimo cya 3:6:1 ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuyifata no kuyirekura byombi byiyongera. Uburyo firime ifatwa, igihe cyo kuyitegura mu kanwa n'ubushobozi bw'umuti mu kuyitegura byose birarushaho kuba byiza. Bupivacaine ni umuti ukomeye wo kugabanya ububabare mu gace, ariko rimwe na rimwe ushobora kugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye ku mitsi y'umutima iyo ikoreshejwe uburozi. Kubwibyo, nubwo bupivacaine ikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi, ubushakashatsi ku gukumira no kuvura ingaruka zayo z'uburozi bwagiye bwitabwaho cyane. Ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi bwerekanye ko CIVIC nk'ikintu kidapfa gusohora cyakozwe mu muti wa bupivacaine gishobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka mbi z'uyu muti. Mu kubaga PRK, gukoresha imiti ya tetracaine ifite imbaraga nke n'imiti irwanya ububyimbirwe ivanze na CMC bishobora kugabanya cyane ububabare nyuma yo kubagwa. Kurinda gufatana kw'imitsi nyuma yo kubagwa no kugabanya kuziba kw'amara ni kimwe mu bibazo bihangayikishije cyane mu kubaga kwa muganga. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko CMC ari nziza cyane kuruta sodium hyaluronate mu kugabanya urwego rw'ifatana ry'imitsi nyuma yo kubagwa, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira ifatwana ry'imitsi nyuma yo kubagwa. CMC ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti irwanya kanseri mu mitsi ya catheter mu kuvura kanseri y'umwijima, bishobora kongera igihe cy'imiti irwanya kanseri mu tubyimba, kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya kanseri, no kunoza ingaruka zo kuvura. Mu buvuzi bw'amatungo, CMC ifite kandi uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha. Byatangajwe [5] ko gutera umuti wa CMC wa 1% mu nda y'imbogo bigira ingaruka zikomeye mu gukumira indwara zo mu nda no gufatana kw'inda nyuma yo kubagwa mu nzira y'imyororokere mu matungo.
CMC mu zindi nganda zikoreshwa
Mu isabune, CMC ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kirwanya ihinduka ry'ubutaka, cyane cyane ku myenda ya fibre ivanze n'amazi, ikaba ari nziza cyane kurusha fibre ya carboxymethyl.
CMC ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurinda amariba y'amavuta nk'ikintu gikomeza ibyondo no kubika amazi mu gucukura amavuta. Igipimo cya buri riba ry'amavuta ni 2.3t ku mariba magufi na 5.6t ku mariba maremare;
Mu nganda z'imyenda, ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gupima ingano, ikintu cyo gukamura no gusiga irangi, gucapa imyenda no kurangiza gukonjesha. Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'igikoresho cyo gupima ingano, ishobora kunoza uburyo bwo gushonga no gushonga, kandi yoroshye kuyikosora; nk'igikoresho cyo gukonjesha, ingano yayo iri hejuru ya 95%; iyo ikoreshejwe nk'igikoresho cyo gupima ingano, imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo koroha kwa firime y'ingano birarushaho kwiyongera; hamwe na fibroin ya silike yongeye kuvugururwa. Uduce duto tugizwe na carboxymethyl cellulose dukoreshwa nk'igice cyo gukamisha glucose oxidase, kandi glucose oxidase na ferrocene carboxylate birahagarara, kandi glucose biosensor ikozwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kumva no guhagarara neza. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyo silica gel homogenate iteguwe hamwe n'umuti wa CMC ufite urugero rwa 1% (w/v), imikorere ya chromatographic y'agapapuro k'urwego rwo hasi kateguwe ni yo nziza cyane. Muri icyo gihe, agapapuro k'urwego rwo hasi gapfutse mu bihe byiza gafite imbaraga zikwiye z'urwego, zikwiriye uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima, kandi zoroshye gukoresha. CMC ifite uburyo bwo gufatana n'imigozi myinshi kandi ishobora kunoza uburyo imigozi ifatana. Kuba imigozi yayo ihamye bishobora kwemeza ko ingano yayo ingana, bityo bikanongera ubushobozi bwo kuboha. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'umuti urangira imyenda, cyane cyane mu kurangiza imyenda mu buryo buhoraho, bigatuma imyenda ihinduka cyane.
CMC ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kirwanya imirasire, emulsifier, dispersant, agent yo kuringaniza, na kole yo gusiga. Ishobora gutuma ibikubiye mu gipfundikizo bikwirakwira neza mu gipfundikizo, ku buryo igipfundikizo kidacika burundu igihe kirekire. Ikoreshwa cyane mu irangi.
Iyo CMC ikoreshejwe nk'umuti wo koroshya imyuka, iba ingirakamaro kurusha sodium gluconate mu gukuraho iyoni za kalisiyumu. Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'umuti wo koroshya imyuka, ubushobozi bwayo bwo koroshya imyuka bushobora kugera kuri 1.6 ml/g.
CMC ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gupima impapuro mu nganda z'impapuro, gishobora kongera cyane imbaraga z'impapuro zumye n'ubukonje, ndetse no kurwanya amavuta, kwinjizwa kwa wino no kudakoresha amazi.
CMC ikoreshwa nk'umuti wo mu bwoko bwa hydrosol mu mavuta yo kwisiga no mu gukurura uburozi mu bwoya bw'amenyo, kandi ingano yayo ni hafi 5%.
CMC ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti wo mu bwoko bwa flocculant, umuti wo gukamura, umusemburo, umusemburo wo kubika amazi, umuti wo gupima ingano, ibikoresho bikora filime, nibindi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, imiti yica udukoko, uruhu, pulasitiki, icapiro, ibumba, ubutare bw'amenyo, imiti ya buri munsi n'ibindi bikoresho, kandi kubera imikorere yayo myiza n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha, ihora ifungura amashami mashya yo kuyikoresha, kandi isoko ni rinini cyane.
Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
(1) Kuba iki gicuruzwa gihuye na aside ikomeye, alkali ikomeye, na iyoni z'ibyuma biremereye (nka aluminiyumu, zinki, mercure, feza, icyuma, nibindi) birabujijwe.
(2) Ingano yemewe y'iki gicuruzwa ni 0-25mg/kg·d.
Amabwiriza
Vanga CMC n'amazi neza kugira ngo ukore kole ikoze mu buryo bwa "pasty" kugira ngo ikoreshwe nyuma. Mu gihe ushyiraho kole ya CMC, banza wongere amazi meza mu gikoresho cyo gukurura ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gukurura, kandi iyo igikoresho cyo gukurura gifunguye, shyira CMC buhoro buhoro kandi ku buryo bungana mu gikoresho cyo gukurura, ubyuke buri gihe, kugira ngo CMC ihuzwe neza n'amazi, CMC ibashe gushonga burundu. Mu gihe CMC ishonga, impamvu igomba gusukwa neza no gukangurwa buri gihe ni ukugira ngo "wirinde ibibazo byo gukurura, gukurura, no kugabanya ingano ya CMC ishonga iyo CMC ihuye n'amazi", no kongera igipimo cyo gushonga cya CMC. Igihe cyo gukurura ntabwo ari kimwe n'igihe CMC ishonga burundu. Ni ibitekerezo bibiri. Muri rusange, igihe cyo gukurura ni gito cyane kuruta igihe CMC ishonga burundu. Igihe gisabwa kuri ibyo byombi giterwa n'imimerere runaka.
Ishingiro ryo kugena igihe cyo gukangura ni: igiheCMCikwirakwira mu mazi neza kandi nta tubumbe tunini tugaragara, gukurura bishobora guhagarikwa, bigatuma CMC n'amazi byinjira kandi bigahuza mu gihe bihagaze.
Ishingiro ryo kugena igihe gisabwa kugira ngo CMC isenywe burundu ni iri rikurikira:
(1) CMC n'amazi bifatanye burundu, kandi nta gutandukanya ibinyabutabire n'amazi bikomeye hagati yabyo;
(2) Ifu ivanze iba imeze kimwe, kandi ubuso bwayo buragororotse kandi buroroshye;
(3) Ibara ry'umusemburo uvanze riri hafi kutagira ibara kandi ribonerana, kandi nta bintu bifite ingano muri uwo musemburo. Kuva igihe CMC ishyizwe mu gikoresho cyo gukusanya no kuvanga n'amazi kugeza igihe CMC ishongeshejwe burundu, igihe gisabwa ni hagati y'amasaha 10 na 20.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Mata 2024