Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (inozivikanwawo se: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium munyu weCaboxy Methyl Cellulose) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye huwandu hwakakura hunoshandiswa pasi rose nhasi mhando dze cellulose.
CMC-Na muchidimbu, imhando ye cellulose derivative ine glucose polymerization degree ye100-2000, uye huwandu hwemamorekuru hwe242.16. Upfu huchena hwe fibrous kana granular. Husina hwema, hauna kunaka, hauna kunaka, hauna hygroscopic, haunyungudike mu organic solvents.
Zvivakwa zvepakutanga
1. Maumbirwo emolekyulu yesodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Yakatanga kugadzirwa neGermany muna 1918, uye yakapihwa patent muna 1921 uye yakaonekwa pasi rose. Kugadzirwa kwekutengeserana kwave kuwanikwa muEurope. Panguva iyoyo, yaingova chigadzirwa chisina kuchena, chaishandiswa se colloid uye binder. Kubva muna 1936 kusvika 1941, tsvakiridzo yekushandiswa kwe sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mumaindasitiri yaishanda zvikuru, uye ma patent akati wandei anokurudzira akagadzirwa. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, Germany yakashandisa sodium carboxymethylcellulose mu sipo dzekugadzira. Hercules yakagadzira sodium carboxymethylcellulose kekutanga muUnited States muna 1943, uye yakagadzira sodium carboxymethylcellulose yakanatswa muna 1946, iyo yaizivikanwa sechikafu chakachengeteka. Nyika yangu yakatanga kuishandisa muma1970, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muma1990. Ndiyo cellulose inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakawanda kwazvo pasi rose nhasi.
Fomura yekuvaka: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Fomura yemasero: C8H11O7Na
Chigadzirwa ichi imunyu we sodium we cellulose carboxymethyl ether, fiber ye anionic
2. Kuonekwa kwe sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Chigadzirwa ichi imunyu we sodium we cellulose carboxymethyl ether, anionic cellulose ether, upfu hwe fibrous chena kana granule, density 0.5-0.7 g/cm3, inenge isina hwema, isina kunaka, hygroscopic. Zviri nyore kupararira mumvura kuti igadzire mhinduro ye colloidal yakajeka, uye hainyungudike mu organic solvents dzakadai se ethanol [1]. pH ye 1% aqueous solution i6.5-8.5, kana pH iri>10 kana <5, viscosity ye mucilage inoderera zvakanyanya, uye mashandiro acho akanakisa kana pH iri = 7. Yakasimba pakupisa, viscosity inokwira nekukurumidza pasi pe20°C, uye inochinja zvishoma nezvishoma pa45°C. Kupisa kwenguva refu pamusoro pe 80°C kunogona kusvibisa colloid uye kuderedza viscosity uye mashandiro. Inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, uye mhinduro yacho inopenya; Inogadzikana zvikuru mumushonga wealkaline, asi inonyungudika nyore nyore kana yasangana neacid, uye inodonha kana pH yava 2-3, uye inopindiranawo ne polyvalent metal salts.
Chinangwa chikuru
Inoshandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa ganda muindasitiri yezvikafu, semutakuri wemishonga muindasitiri yemishonga, uye sechinhu chinosunga uye chinodzivirira kudzokororwa kweganda muindasitiri yemakemikari ezuva nezuva. Muindasitiri yekudhinda nekudhaya, inoshandiswa sechinodzivirira che colloid yezvigadzirwa zvehukuru nemidziyo yekudhinda. Muindasitiri ye petrochemical, inogona kushandiswa sechikamu chemvura inodzoreredza mafuta. [2]
Kusawirirana
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose haishande pamwe chete ne strong acid solutions, soluble iron salts, nedzimwe simbi dzakadai sealuminium, mercury, uye zinc. Kana pH iri pasi pe2, uye kana ikasanganiswa ne 95% ethanol, mvura inonaya.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose inogona kugadzira maco-agglomerates negelatin nepectin, uye inogonawo kugadzira macomplexes ane collagen, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mamwe mapuroteni ane positive charge.
hunyanzvi
CMC inowanzo kuve anionic polymer compound yakagadzirwa nekuita natural cellulose ne caustic alkali ne monochloroacetic acid, ine molecular huremu hwe6400 (±1 000). Zvigadzirwa zvikuru i sodium chloride ne sodium glycolate. CMC ndeye natural cellulose modification. Food and Agriculture Organization yeUnited Nations (FAO) neWorld Health Organization (WHO) vakaitumidza zviri pamutemo kuti "modified cellulose".
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuyera hunhu hweCMC idanho rekutsiva (DS) uye kuchena. Kazhinji, hunhu hweCMC hwakasiyana kana DS yakasiyana; kana danho rekutsiva rakakwirira, kunyunguduka kwakasimba, uye kujeka uye kugadzikana kwemushonga zviri nani. Sekureva kwemishumo, kujeka kweCMC kuri nani kana danho rekutsiva riri 0.7-1.2, uye viscosity yemvura yayo ndiyo yakakura kana pH iri 6-9. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ine hunhu, pamusoro pesarudzo ye etherification agent, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa danho rekutsiva uye kuchena zvinofanirawo kufungwa nezvazvo, zvakaita sehukama huripo pakati pehuwandu hwealkali ne etherification agent, nguva ye etherification, huwandu hwemvura musystem, tembiricha, pH kukosha, solution Concentration nemunyu nezvimwewo.
mamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino
Kuti tigadzirise kushomeka kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa (donje rakacheneswa rakagadzirwa nedonje), mumakore achangopfuura, mamwe mayuniti ekutsvagisa sainzi munyika yangu akabatana nemabhizinesi kuti ashandise zvizere uswa hwemupunga, donje rakakuyiwa (donje rakasakara), uye dregs dzebhinzi kuti vagadzire CMC zvinobudirira. Mutengo wekugadzira wakaderera zvikuru, izvo zvinovhura sosi itsva yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zveCMC mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye zvinoita kuti zviwanikwa zvishandiswe zvakakwana. Kune rumwe rutivi, mutengo wekugadzira wakaderera, uye kune rumwe rutivi, CMC iri kufambira mberi kusvika pakunyatsojeka. Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kweCMC zvinonyanya kutarisa pakushandurwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira iripo uye hunyanzvi hwemaitiro ekugadzira, pamwe nezvigadzirwa zvitsva zveCMC zvine hunhu hwakasiyana, senge maitiro e "solvent-slurry method" [3] akagadzirwa zvinobudirira kunze kwenyika uye akashandiswa zvakanyanya. Rudzi rutsva rweCMC yakagadziridzwa ine kugadzikana kwakanyanya inogadzirwa. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwepamusoro hwekutsiva uye kugoverwa kwakafanana kwezvinotsiva, inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira maindasitiri nenzvimbo dzakaoma dzekushandisa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvemaitiro. Pasi rose, rudzi urwu rutsva rweCMC rwakagadziriswa runonziwo "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
kuchengetedzeka
Kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya, ADI haidi mitemo, uye mitemo yenyika yakagadzirwa [4].
chikumbiro
Chigadzirwa ichi chine mabasa ekubatanidza, kukora, kusimbisa, kusanganisa, kuchengetedza mvura uye kumisa.
Kushandiswa kweCMC muchikafu
FAO neWHO vakabvumidza kushandiswa kweCMC yakachena muchikafu. Yakatenderwa mushure mekutsvagurudza kwakanyanya uye bvunzo dzezvehupenyu uye chepfu. Kudya kwakachengeteka (ADI) kwechiyero chepasi rose i25mg/(kg·d), kureva kuti inenge 1.5 g/d pamunhu. Zvakataurwa kuti vamwe vanhu havana kuva nechepfu kana kudya kwasvika 10 kg. CMC haisi chete chinhu chinosimbisa emulsification uye chinosimbisa mukushandiswa kwechikafu, asiwo ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwechando nekunyunguduka, uye inogona kuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye kuwedzera nguva yekuchengetedza. Huwandu hunoshandiswa mumukaka wesoya, ice cream, ice cream, jelly, zvinwiwa, uye makani hunenge 1% kusvika 1.5%. CMC inogonawo kugadzira kupararira kwakasimba kwe emulsified nevhiniga, soy sauce, mafuta emuriwo, muto wemichero, gravy, muto wemuriwo, nezvimwewo, uye chiyero chiri 0.2% kusvika 0.5%. Kunyanya, ine simba rakanaka re emulsifying remafuta emhuka nemiriwo, mapuroteni uye mvura, zvichiita kuti igadzire emulsion yakafanana ine simba rakagadzikana. Nekuda kwekuchengetedzeka kwayo uye kuvimbika kwayo, chiyero chayo hachigumiriswi nemutemo wenyika wehutsanana hwechikafu weADI. CMC yagara ichigadzirwa mumunda wezvekudya, uye tsvakiridzo pakushandiswa kwesodium carboxymethylcellulose mukugadzira waini yakaitwawo.
Kushandiswa kweCMC mukurapa
Muindasitiri yemishonga, inogona kushandiswa semushonga we emulsion stabilizer wekubaiwa jekiseni, muchina wekubatanidza uye mushonga wekugadzira firimu wemapiritsi. Vamwe vanhu vakaratidza kuti CMC inotakura mishonga yekenza yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika kuburikidza nekuyedza kwekutanga uye kwemhuka. Uchishandisa CMC sechinhu che membrane, chimiro chakagadziriswa chemushonga wechiChinese Yangyin Shengji Powder, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, chinogona kushandiswa pamaronda ekuvhiyiwa kwedermabrasion nemaronda anorwadza. Zvidzidzo zvemhando yemhuka zvakaratidza kuti firimu iri rinodzivirira hutachiona hwemaronda uye harina musiyano wakakura kubva kuma dressing egauze. Panyaya yekudzora kubuda kwemvura mumatishu eronda uye kuporesa maronda nekukurumidza, firimu iri riri nani pane ma dressing egauze, uye rine mhedzisiro yekuderedza kuzvimba kwemuviri mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kutsamwa kwemaronda. Kugadzirwa kwefirimu kwakagadzirwa ne polyvinyl alcohol: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene pachiyero che3:6:1 ndiyo mushonga wakanakisa, uye mwero wekunamatira nekusunungurwa zvese zvinowedzera. Kunamatira kwemushonga, nguva yekugara kwemushonga mumuromo uye kushanda kwemushonga mumushonga zvese zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Bupivacaine mushonga une simba wemunzvimbo, asi dzimwe nguva unogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa yemwoyo kana ukaisirwa chepfu. Nekudaro, nepo bupivacaine ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa, tsvakiridzo yekudzivirira nekurapa maitiro ayo ane chepfu yagara ichitariswa zvakanyanya. Zvidzidzo zvemishonga zvakaratidza kuti CIVIC sechinhu chinoburitswa kwenguva refu chakagadzirwa nemushonga webupivacaine chinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya migumisiro yemushonga. Mukuvhiyiwa kwePRK, kushandiswa kwemishonga yetetracaine ine concentration shoma uye isiri steroidal anti-inflammatory pamwe chete neCMC kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya marwadzo emushure mekuvhiyiwa. Kudzivirira kunamatira kweperitoneal mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kuderedza kuvharika kwemudumbu ndeimwe yenyaya dzinonyanya kutariswa mukuvhiyiwa kwekiriniki. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti CMC iri nani pane sodium hyaluronate mukuderedza huwandu hwekunamatira kweperitoneal mushure mekuvhiyiwa, uye inogona kushandiswa senzira inoshanda yekudzivirira kuitika kwekunamatira kweperitoneal. CMC inoshandiswa mu catheter hepatic arterial infusion yemishonga yekurwisa kenza yekurapa kenza yechiropa, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya nguva yekugara kwemishonga yekurwisa kenza mumatumbu, kuwedzera simba rekurwisa tumor, uye kuvandudza mhedzisiro yekurapa. Mukurapa mhuka, CMC ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Zvakataurwa [5] kuti kuiswa kwe1% CMC solution mukati medumbu remakwai kune mhedzisiro yakakura pakudzivirira dystocia uye kunamira mudumbu mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwenzira yekubereka muzvipfuyo.
CMC mune mamwe mashandisirwo emaindasitiri
Muma sipo, CMC inogona kushandiswa semushonga unodzivirira ivhu kuti risaparare, kunyanya pamachira ekugadzira fiber anonyungudika mumvura, izvo zviri nani kupfuura carboxymethyl fiber.
CMC inogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza matsime emafuta senzira yekudzikamisa ivhu uye kuchengetedza mvura mukuchera mafuta. Chiyero chetsime rega rega remafuta i2.3t yematsime asina kudzika uye 5.6t yematsime akadzika;
Muindasitiri yemachira, inoshandiswa semushonga wekuisa saizi, muchina wekudhinda nekudhaya paste, kudhinda machira nekupedzisa kuomesa. Kana ikashandiswa semushonga wekuisa saizi, inogona kuvandudza kunyungudika uye kusimba, uye iri nyore kuibvisa; semushonga wekusimbisa, chiyero chayo chiri pamusoro pe95%; kana ikashandiswa semushonga wekuisa saizi, simba nekuchinjika kwefirimu rehukuru zvinovandudzika zvakanyanya; ne fibroin yesiriki yakagadziriswazve. Kamudzira kanoumbwa ne carboxymethyl cellulose kanoshandiswa semushonga wekudzivirira glucose oxidase, uye glucose oxidase ne ferrocene carboxylate zvinodzimwa, uye glucose biosensor yakagadzirwa ine kunzwa kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kana silica gel homogenate yagadzirwa neCMC solution ine huwandu hweinenge 1% (w/v), mashandiro echromatographic eplate yakatetepa yakagadzirwa ndiyo yakanakisa. Panguva imwe chete, plate yakatetepa yakafukidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akagadziridzwa ine simba rakakodzera relayer, yakakodzera matekiniki akasiyana-siyana ekutora sampling, iri nyore kushandisa. CMC inonamatira kune akawanda mafiber uye inogona kuvandudza kubatana pakati pemafiber. Kugadzikana kwekusimba kwayo kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekufanana kwehukuru, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuruka. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa semushonga wekupedzisa machira, kunyanya pakupedzisa kunodzivirira makwinya, izvo zvinounza shanduko dzakasimba kumachira.
CMC inogona kushandiswa semushonga unodzivirira kusvibiswa kwevhu, emulsifier, dispersant, leveling agent, uye glue yekupenda. Inogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvakasimba zvekupenda zviparadzirwe zvakaenzana mumusanganiswa, kuitira kuti kupenda kusapararire kwenguva yakareba. Inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumapendi.
Kana CMC ikashandiswa se flocculant, inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura sodium gluconate mukubvisa calcium ions. Kana ikashandiswa se cation exchange, kugona kwayo kuchinjana kunogona kusvika 1.6 ml/g.
CMC inoshandiswa semushonga wekuisa saizi yemapepa muindasitiri yemapepa, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya simba rakaoma uye kusimba kwemvura kwemapepa, pamwe nekudzivirira mafuta, kunyudzwa kweinki uye kuramba mvura.
CMC inoshandiswa se hydrosol muzvizoro uye semushonga wekukora mumazino, uye chiyero chayo chingangoita 5%.
CMC inogona kushandiswa se flocculant, chelating agent, emulsifier, thickener, water retaining agent, size agent, film-forming material, nezvimwewo, uye inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumagetsi, mishonga yezvipembenene, dehwe, mapurasitiki, kudhinda, ceramics, toothpaste, makemikari ezuva nezuva nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, inogara ichivhura nzvimbo itsva dzekushandisa, uye tarisiro yemusika yakakura zvikuru.
Zvekungwaririra
(1) Kuenderana kwechigadzirwa ichi ne acid yakasimba, alkali yakasimba, uye ma ions esimbi inorema (akadai sealuminium, zinc, mercury, sirivha, iron, nezvimwewo) hakubvumirwi.
(2) Kudya kunobvumirwa kwechigadzirwa ichi i0-25mg/kg·d.
Mirayiridzo
Sanganisa CMC zvakananga nemvura kuti ugadzire guruu rakapfava rekushandisa gare gare. Paunenge uchigadzira guruu reCMC, tanga wawedzera huwandu hwakati hwemvura yakachena mutangi rekubatanidza uchishandisa mudziyo wekusanganisa, uye kana mudziyo wekusanganisa wabatidzwa, sanganisa zvishoma nezvishoma CMC mutangi rekubatanidza, uchisanganisa nguva dzose, kuitira kuti CMC isanganiswe zvizere nemvura, CMC ikwanise kunyungudika zvizere. Pakunyungudika CMC, chikonzero nei ichifanira kunyungudika zvakaenzana uye ichisanganiswa nguva dzose ndechekudzivirira matambudziko ekubatana, kuungana, uye kuderedza huwandu hweCMC inonyungudika kana CMC yasangana nemvura", uye kuwedzera mwero wekunyungudika kweCMC. Nguva yekusanganisa haina kufanana nenguva yekuti CMC inyungudike zvachose. Ipfungwa mbiri. Kazhinji, nguva yekusanganisa ipfupi zvikuru pane nguva yekuti CMC inyungudike zvachose. Nguva inodiwa kune zviviri izvi inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Hwaro hwekusarudza nguva yekukurudzira ndehwekuti: kanaCMCyakapararira mumvura zvakaenzana uye hapana mapundu makuru ari pachena, kusanganisa kunogona kumiswa, zvichiita kuti CMC nemvura zvipinde uye zvibatane zvamira.
Hwaro hwekuona nguva inodiwa kuti CMC iparadzwe zvachose ndeinotevera:
(1) CMC nemvura zvakabatana zvizere, uye hapana kupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba pakati pezviviri;
(2) Musanganiswa wepasta uri muchimiro chakafanana, uye pamusoro payo pakaita sandara uye pakanyatsotsvedzerera;
(3) Ruvara rwemusanganiswa wepaste rwakasanganiswa rwakafanana nerusina ruvara uye rwakajeka, uye hapana zvinhu zvakachekwa mupaste. Kubva panguva iyo CMC inoiswa mutangi rekubatanidza uye inosanganiswa nemvura kusvika panguva iyo CMC inonyungudika zvachose, nguva inodiwa iri pakati pemaawa gumi kusvika makumi maviri.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-26-2024