Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (a makwaara dị ka: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC, Carboxymethyl, Cellulose Sodium, Sodium nnu nke Caboxy Methyl Cellulose) bụ ụdị cellulose kachasị eji eme ihe na nke kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa taa.
N'okwu dị mkpirikpi, CMC-Na bụ ihe sitere na cellulose nke nwere ogo glucose polymerization nke 100-2000, yana oke molekul nke 242.16. Ntụ ntụ ọcha ma ọ bụ granular. Enweghị isi, enweghị uto, enweghị uto, hygroscopic, enweghị ike ịgbaze na ihe mgbaze organic.
Njirimara ndị bụ isi
1. Nhazi molekul nke sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Germany mepụtara ya na mbụ na 1918, e wee nye ya patent na 1921 ma pụta n'ụwa. Kemgbe ahụ, mmepụta azụmaahịa amalitela na Europe. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ naanị ngwaahịa dị nro, ejiri ya dị ka colloid na ihe na-ejikọ. Site na 1936 ruo 1941, nyocha ojiji ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, e mekwara ọtụtụ patent na-akpali akpali. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Germany jiri sodium carboxymethylcellulose na ihe nhicha sịntetik. Hercules mere sodium carboxymethylcellulose maka oge mbụ na United States na 1943, ma mepụta sodium carboxymethylcellulose a nụchara anụcha na 1946, nke a maara dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri dị mma. Obodo m malitere ịnabata ya na 1970s, a na-ejikwa ya nke ukwuu na 1990s. Ọ bụ cellulose kachasị eji eme ihe na nke kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa taa.
Usoro nhazi: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Usoro molekụla: C8H11O7Na
Ngwaahịa a bụ nnu sodium nke cellulose carboxymethyl ether, eriri anionic
2. Ọdịdị nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ngwaahịa a bụ nnu sodium nke cellulose carboxymethyl ether, anionic cellulose ether, ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ granule ọcha ma ọ bụ mmiri ara ehi, njupụta 0.5-0.7 g/cm3, fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara isi ísì, enweghị ụtọ, hygroscopic. Ọ dị mfe ịgbasa n'ime mmiri iji mepụta ngwọta colloidal doro anya, ọ naghịkwa agbaze na ihe mgbaze organic dị ka ethanol [1]. pH nke ngwọta mmiri 1% bụ 6.5-8.5, mgbe pH>10 ma ọ bụ <5, viscosity nke mucilage na-ebelata nke ukwuu, arụmọrụ ya kacha mma mgbe pH = 7. Dịgide iji kpoo ọkụ, viscosity na-ebili ngwa ngwa n'okpuru 20°C, ma na-agbanwe nwayọ nwayọ na 45°C. Okpomọkụ ogologo oge karịa 80°C nwere ike imebi colloid ma belata viscosity na arụmọrụ nke ukwuu. Ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri, ngwọta ahụ na-apụta ìhè; Ọ na-adịgide nke ọma na mmiri alkaline, mana ọ na-adị mfe ịmịpụta ya mgbe ọ zutere acid, ọ ga-emekwa ka ọ daa mgbe pH ruru 2-3, ọ ga-emekwaghachi omume na nnu ígwè polyvalent.
Isi ihe mere e ji mee ya
A na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike n'ụlọ ọrụ nri, dị ka ihe na-ebu ọgwụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, nakwa dị ka ihe na-egbochi ma na-egbochi mgbanwe n'ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị. N'ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta na agba agba, a na-eji ya dị ka ihe nchebe maka nha ihe na ihe e ji ebi akwụkwọ. N'ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe mejupụtara mmiri mgbapụta mmanụ. [2]
Enweghị nkwekọ
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose ekwekọghị na mmiri acid siri ike, nnu ígwè a na-agbaze agbaze, na ụfọdụ ọla ndị ọzọ dị ka aluminom, mercury, na zinc. Mgbe pH erughị 2, na mgbe agwakọtara ya na ethanol 95%, mmiri ga-ezo.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nwere ike ịmepụta co-agglomerates na gelatin na pectin, ọ nwekwara ike ịmepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya na collagen, nke nwere ike ịkpalite ụfọdụ protein ndị nwere ike ịgbaze nke ọma.
nka
CMC na-abụkarị ihe mejupụtara polima anionic nke a na-eji emeghachi omume na cellulose eke na caustic alkali na monochloroacetic acid, nke nwere ibu molekul nke 6400 (±1000). Ihe ndị bụ isi sitere na ya bụ sodium chloride na sodium glycolate. CMC so na mgbanwe cellulose eke. Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (FAO) na Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) akpọọla ya "cellulose agbanwere agbanwe".
Ihe ndị bụ isi e ji atụ àgwà CMC bụ ogo nnọchi (DS) na ịdị ọcha. N'ozuzu, ihe ndị dị na CMC dị iche ma ọ bụrụ na DS dị iche; ka ogo nnọchi dị elu, otú ahụ ka ọ na-esi ike ịgbaze, otú ahụ ka nghọta na nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta ahụ si ka mma. Dịka akụkọ si kwuo, nghọta nke CMC ka mma mgbe ogo nnọchi bụ 0.7-1.2, na viscosity nke mmiri mmiri ya bụ nke kachasị ukwuu mgbe uru pH bụ 6-9. Iji hụ na ọ dị mma, na mgbakwunye na nhọrọ nke ihe nnọchi etherification, a ga-atụlekwa ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ogo nnọchi na ịdị ọcha, dị ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọnụọgụ alkali na ihe nnọchi etherification, oge etherification, ọdịnaya mmiri na sistemụ, okpomọkụ, uru pH, ntinye ihe ngwọta na nnu wdg.
ka ọ dị na mbụ
Iji dozie ụkọ ihe ndị e ji aka rụọ (owu a gwakọtara agwakọta nke e ji owu mee), n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ ngalaba nyocha sayensị na mba m arụkọla ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ iji jiri ahịhịa osikapa, owu a gwakọtara agwakọta (owu mkpofu), na ahịhịa agwa iji mepụta CMC nke ọma. Ọnụ ego mmepụta ahụ belatara nke ukwuu, nke na-emepe ụzọ ọhụrụ esi enweta ihe ndị e ji aka rụọ maka mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ CMC ma na-enweta ojiji zuru oke nke akụrụngwa. N'otu aka, a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta, n'aka nke ọzọ, CMC na-etolite na nkenke dị elu. Nnyocha na mmepe nke CMC lekwasịrị anya na mgbanwe nke teknụzụ mmepụta dị ugbu a na imepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke usoro mmepụta, yana ngwaahịa CMC ọhụrụ nwere ihe pụrụ iche, dịka usoro "usoro ihe mgbaze-slurry" [3] nke emepụtara nke ọma na mba ofesi ma ejirila ya mee ihe nke ukwuu. A na-emepụta ụdị CMC ọhụrụ agbanwere agbanwe nke nwere nnukwu nkwụsi ike. N'ihi oke mgbanwe na nkesa nha nha nke ihe ndị na-anọchi anya ya, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na gburugburu ojiji dị mgbagwoju anya iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka usoro dị elu. N'ụwa niile, a na-akpọkwa ụdị CMC ọhụrụ a nke agbanwere agbanwe "polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)".
nchekwa
Nchekwa dị elu, ADI achọghị iwu, e mekwara ụkpụrụ mba [4].
ngwa
Ngwaahịa a nwere ọrụ nke ijikọ, ime ka ọ sie ike, ime ka ọ sie ike, ime ka ọ dị nro, idobe mmiri na nkwụsịtụ.
Ojiji nke CMC na nri
FAO na WHO akwadola iji CMC dị ọcha eme ihe n'ime nri. E kwadoro ya mgbe e mechara nnyocha na ule dị iche iche gbasara ihe ndị dị ndụ na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu. Nri dị mma (ADI) nke ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa bụ 25mg/(kg·d), nke bụ ihe dị ka 1.5 g/d kwa onye. Akọpụtala na ụfọdụ ndị enwebeghị mmeghachi omume nsí ọ bụla mgbe oriri ruru kilogram 10. CMC abụghị naanị ezigbo ihe na-eme ka emulsification sie ike ma na-eme ka ọ sie ike n'iji nri eme ihe, kamakwa ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na ịgbaze agbaze, ọ nwekwara ike ime ka ụtọ nke ngwaahịa ahụ ka mma ma mee ka oge nchekwa dịkwuo ogologo. Ego e ji mee mmiri ara ehi soy, ice cream, ice cream, jelii, ihe ọṅụṅụ, na ite dị ihe dị ka 1% ruo 1.5%. CMC nwekwara ike ịmepụta mgbasa emulsified kwụsiri ike na mmanya vinega, ihendori soy, mmanụ akwụkwọ nri, ihe ọṅụṅụ mkpụrụ osisi, gravy, ihe ọṅụṅụ akwụkwọ nri, wdg, na dose ahụ bụ 0.2% ruo 0.5%. Karịsịa, ọ nwere arụmọrụ emulsifying dị mma maka mmanụ anụmanụ na akwụkwọ nri, protein na mmiri mmiri, na-eme ka ọ nwee ike ịmepụta emulsion yiri nke ahụ yana arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike. N'ihi nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi ya, a naghị ejedebe usoro ọgwụgwọ ya site na ọkọlọtọ nchekwa nri mba ADI. A na-emepụta CMC mgbe niile n'ọhịa nri, a na-emekwa nnyocha gbasara ojiji nke sodium carboxymethylcellulose na mmepụta mmanya.
Ojiji nke CMC na ọgwụ
N'ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka emulsion sie ike maka ịgba ọgwụ, ihe na-ejikọ na ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri maka mbadamba. Ụfọdụ ndị egosila na CMC bụ ihe na-ebu ọgwụ mgbochi kansa dị nchebe ma dịkwa mma site na nnwale ndị bụ isi na anụmanụ. Site na iji CMC dị ka ihe mkpuchi akpụkpọ ahụ, enwere ike iji ụdị ọgwụ ọdịnala China Yangyin Shengji Powder, Yangyin Shengji Membrane, maka ọnya ọrụ dermabrasion na ọnya ndị na-akpata mmerụ ahụ. Ọmụmụ ihe nlereanya anụmanụ egosila na ihe nkiri ahụ na-egbochi ọrịa ọnya ma enweghị ihe dị iche na ihe mkpuchi gauze. N'ihe gbasara ijikwa mmịpụta mmiri ọnya na ọgwụgwọ ọnya ngwa ngwa, ihe nkiri a dị mma karịa ihe mkpuchi gauze, ma nwee mmetụta nke ibelata ọzịza na mgbakasị ọnya mgbe ịwachara ahụ gasịrị. Nkwadebe ihe nkiri emere na polyvinyl alcohol: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: polycarboxyethylene na oke nke 3:6:1 bụ ọgwụ kacha mma, a na-amụbakwa nrapado na ọnụego ntọhapụ. Nrapado nke nkwadebe ahụ, oge obibi nke nkwadebe ahụ n'ime oghere ọnụ na irè nke ọgwụ ahụ na nkwadebe ahụ ka mma nke ukwuu. Bupivacaine bụ ọgwụ mgbu dị ike nke mpaghara, mana mgbe ụfọdụ ọ nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ọjọọ dị njọ na obi mgbe e merụrụ ya ahụ. Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji bupivacaine eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụlọ ọgwụ, a na-elebara nnyocha gbasara mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke mmeghachi omume nsí ya anya nke ukwuu. Ọmụmụ ọgwụ egosila na CIVIC dị ka ihe na-ewepụta oge nke ejiri mmiri bupivacaine mepụta nwere ike ibelata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọgwụ ahụ nke ukwuu. N'ịwa ahụ PRK, iji tetracaine dị ala na ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali na-abụghị steroidal jikọtara ya na CMC nwere ike ibelata ihe mgbu mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị nke ukwuu. Mgbochi nke njikọta peritoneal mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị na mbelata nke mgbochi eriri afọ bụ otu n'ime nsogbu kachasị echegbu onwe ya na ịwa ahụ ahụike. Ọmụmụ ihe egosila na CMC dị mma karịa sodium hyaluronate n'ibelata ogo njikọta peritoneal mgbe ịwa ahụ gasịrị, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ụzọ dị irè iji gbochie ihe njikọta peritoneal. A na-eji CMC eme ihe na ntinye ọgwụ mgbochi kansa imeju maka ọgwụgwọ kansa imeju, nke nwere ike ịgbatị oge obibi nke ọgwụ mgbochi kansa na etuto ahụ, melite ike mgbochi tumor, ma melite mmetụta ọgwụgwọ. N'ọgwụ anụmanụ, CMC nwekwara ọtụtụ ojiji. Akọpụtala [5] na ịkụnye 1% CMC ngwọta n'ime afọ na-emetụta atụrụ nke ukwuu n'igbochi dystocia na njikọta afọ mgbe a wachara anụmanụ ahụ.
CMC na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ
N'ime ihe nhicha, enwere ike iji CMC mee ihe dị ka ihe na-egbochi mgbanwe ala, ọkachasị maka ákwà eriri sịntetik hydrophobic, nke ka mma karịa eriri carboxymethyl.
Enwere ike iji CMC chebe olulu mmanụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka apịtị sie ike ma na-ejide mmiri n'ọkpụkpụ mmanụ. Usoro maka olulu mmanụ ọ bụla bụ 2.3t maka olulu mmiri na-emighị emi na 5.6t maka olulu mmiri miri emi;
N'ụlọ ọrụ ákwà, a na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-emepụta nha nha, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị arọ maka ibipụta na ịcha agba agba, ibipụta ákwà na imecha ya. Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka ihe na-emepụta nha nha, ọ nwere ike ime ka ọ dị mma ịgbaze na viscosity, ọ dịkwa mfe iwepụ nha ya; dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike, ọnụọgụ ya karịrị 95%; mgbe ejiri ya dị ka ihe na-emepụta nha nha, ike na mgbanwe nke ihe nkiri nha na-akawanye mma nke ukwuu; na silk fibroin emegharịrị A na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ mejupụtara carboxymethyl cellulose dị ka matrix maka ikpuchi glucose oxidase, a na-emekwa ka glucose oxidase na ferrocene carboxylate ghara ịgbagharị agbagharị, ihe na-emepụta glucose biosensor nwere mmetụta na nkwụsi ike dị elu. Ọmụmụ ihe egosila na mgbe a kwadebere silica gel homogenate na ngwọta CMC nwere ihe dị ka 1% (w/v), arụmọrụ chromatographic nke efere dị gịrịgịrị a kwadebere bụ nke kacha mma. N'otu oge ahụ, efere dị gịrịgịrị a kpụchara n'okpuru ọnọdụ kachasị mma nwere ike oyi akwa kwesịrị ekwesị, dabara adaba maka usoro nlele dị iche iche, dị mfe iji. CMC nwere nrapado na ọtụtụ eriri ma nwee ike imeziwanye njikọ dị n'etiti eriri. Ịkwụsi ike nke viscosity ya nwere ike ime ka nha ya dịrị otu, si otú a na-eme ka ịkpa ákwà dịkwuo mma. A pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-emecha ákwà, karịsịa maka imecha ákwà na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-eweta mgbanwe ndị na-adịgide adịgide na ákwà.
Enwere ike iji CMC mee ihe dị ka ihe na-egbochi sedimentation, emulsifier, dispersant, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị larịị, na ihe na-arapara maka mkpuchi. Ọ nwere ike ime ka ọdịnaya siri ike nke mkpuchi ahụ kesaa nke ọma na ihe mgbaze ahụ, ka mkpuchi ahụ ghara ịgbawa ruo ogologo oge. A na-ejikwa ya eme ihe nke ukwuu na agba.
Mgbe ejiri CMC mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ahụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ karịa sodium gluconate n'iwepụ calcium ion. Mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ahụ, ikike mgbanwe ya nwere ike iru 1.6 ml/g.
A na-eji CMC eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ahazi nha akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ, nke nwere ike ime ka ike akọrọ na ike mmiri nke akwụkwọ dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu, yana iguzogide mmanụ, nnabata ink na iguzogide mmiri.
A na-eji CMC eme ihe dị ka hydrosol na ihe ịchọ mma yana dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike na ezé ezé, usoro ọgwụgwọ ya dịkwa ihe dị ka 5%.
Enwere ike iji CMC mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dịgide, ihe na-eme ka ihe nkiri dị nro, wdg, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na eletrọniki, ọgwụ nje, akpụkpọ anụ, plastik, mbipụta, seramiiki, ihe nhicha ezé, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị na ubi ndị ọzọ, n'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị mma na ọtụtụ ojiji ya, ọ na-emepe ubi ngwa ọhụrụ mgbe niile, atụmanya ahịa dịkwa oke ukwuu.
Mkpachapụ anya
(1) A naghị ekwe ka ngwaahịa a dakọọ na asịd siri ike, alkali siri ike, na ion ígwè dị arọ (dịka aluminom, zinc, mercury, ọlaọcha, ígwè, wdg).
(2) Ọnụọgụ a na-anabata maka ngwaahịa a bụ 0-25mg/kg·d.
Ntuziaka
Gwakọta CMC ozugbo na mmiri iji mee gluu pasty maka ojiji ma emechaa. Mgbe ị na-ahazi gluu CMC, buru ụzọ tinye mmiri dị ọcha n'ime tankị batching site na iji ngwaọrụ na-akpali akpali, mgbe a gbanyekwara ngwaọrụ na-akpali akpali, fesa CMC nwayọ nwayọ n'ime tankị batching, na-akpali mgbe niile, ka CMC wee jikọta ya na mmiri, CMC nwere ike ịgbaze kpamkpam. Mgbe ị na-agbaze CMC, ihe mere e ji kwesị ifesa ya ma na-akpali ya mgbe niile bụ iji "gbochie nsogbu nke njikọta, njikọta, na ibelata ọnụọgụ CMC agbazere mgbe CMC zutere mmiri", na ịbawanye ọnụego mgbasa nke CMC. Oge maka ịkpalite abụghị otu ihe ahụ na oge CMC ga-agbaze kpamkpam. Ha bụ echiche abụọ. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, oge ịkpalite dị mkpụmkpụ karịa oge CMC ga-agbaze kpamkpam. Oge achọrọ maka ha abụọ dabere na ọnọdụ kpọmkwem.
Isi ihe dị mkpa iji chọpụta oge mkpali bụ: mgbeCMCa na-agbasasị n'otu akụkụ n'ime mmiri ahụ, ọ dịghịkwa nnukwu ntụpọ doro anya, a pụrụ ịkwụsị mkpali ahụ, na-ekwe ka CMC na mmiri banye ma jikọta onwe ha n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ.
Isi ihe dị mkpa iji chọpụta oge achọrọ maka CMC ịgbaze kpamkpam bụ ndị a:
(1) CMC na mmiri jikọtara nke ọma, ọ dịghịkwa nkewa siri ike na mmiri mmiri n'etiti ha abụọ;
(2) Mkpọ ahụ agwakọtara agwakọta dị n'otu ọnọdụ, elu ya dịkwa larịị ma dị ire ụtọ;
(3) Agba nke ihe e ji mee ya dị nso na enweghị agba ma doo anya, ọ dịghịkwa ihe ndị dị ka granular na ihe e ji mee ya. Site n'oge a na-etinye CMC n'ime tankị a na-agwakọta ma gwakọta ya na mmiri ruo mgbe CMC gbazere kpamkpam, oge achọrọ bụ n'etiti awa iri na iri abụọ.
Oge ozi: Eprel-26-2024