Udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi lubhekisela ezintweni ezifaka usimende, i-fine aggregate, i-addition, amanzi kanye nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezinqunywa ngokusebenza. Ngokwesilinganiso esithile, ngemva kokulinganiswa nokuhlanganiswa esiteshini sokuxuba, luthuthwa luye endaweni olusetshenziswa yiloli yokuxuba. Gcina ingxube yodaka esitsheni esikhethekile bese uyisebenzisa ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe. Isimiso sokusebenza sodaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi sifana nodaka lwezentengiselwano, futhi isiteshi sokuxuba udaka lwezentengiselwano singakhiqiza udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi ngasikhathi sinye.
1. Izinzuzo ze-mortar exutshwe ngamanzi
1) Udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi lungasetshenziswa ngqo ngemva kokuthuthwa luyiswe endaweni ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa, kodwa udaka kumele lugcinwe esitsheni esingangeni moya;
2) Udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi lulungiselelwa efektri yobungcweti, okusiza ekuqinisekiseni nasekulawuleni ikhwalithi yodaka;
3) Ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-mortar exutshwe ngamanzi kukhulu. I-aggregate ingaba yomile noma imanzi, futhi ayidingi ukomiswa, ngakho-ke izindleko zingancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lesihlabathi somshini wokwenziwa esikhiqizwa yi-slag yemfucuza yezimboni efana nomlotha wezimpukane kanye nemfucuza eqinile yezimboni efana ne-slag yensimbi kanye ne-tailings yezimboni ingaxutshwa, okungagcini nje ngokusindisa izinsiza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko ze-mortar.
4) Indawo yokwakha inendawo enhle futhi ingcoliswa kancane.
2. Izinkinga zodaka oluxubene ngamanzi
1) Njengoba udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi luxutshwa namanzi esitshalweni sokukhiqiza sobungcweti, futhi umthamo wokuthutha mkhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, alukwazi ukulawulwa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwenqubekela phambili yokwakha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi ludinga ukugcinwa esitsheni esingangeni moya ngemva kokuthuthwa luyiswe endaweni yokwakha, ngakho-ke ichibi lomlotha lidinga ukubekwa endaweni;
2) Isikhathi sokuhamba sinqunyelwe yizimo zethrafikhi;
3) Njengoba udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi lugcinwa endaweni yokwakha isikhathi eside, kunezidingo ezithile zokusebenza kahle, isikhathi sokusetha kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza kahle kodaka.
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kanye ne-retarder ye-cement mortar ukuze i-mortar ikwazi ukupompa. Isetshenziswa njenge-binder ku-plaster yokuplaster, ithuthukisa ukusabalala futhi yandise isikhathi sokusebenza. Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kuvimbela i-slurry ukuthi ingaqhekeki ngenxa yokoma ngokushesha kakhulu ngemva kokusetshenziswa, futhi kuthuthukisa amandla ngemva kokuqina. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, futhi futhi kuyindlela abakhiqizi abaningi be-wet-mix mortar basekhaya abayinakayo. Izici ezithinta umphumela wokugcinwa kwamanzi we-wet-mix mortar zihlanganisa inani le-HPMC elingeziwe, i-viscosity ye-HPMC, ubuncane bezinhlayiya, kanye nokushisa kwendawo yokusetshenziswa.
Ngemva kokuba udaka oluxutshwe ngamanzi seluthuthwe lwayiswa endaweni, kumele lugcinwe esitsheni esingangenisi moya. Uma ukhetha isitsha sensimbi, umphumela wokugcina ungcono kakhulu, kodwa utshalomali luphezulu kakhulu, okungavumeli ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa; ungasebenzisa izitini noma amabhlogo ukwakha ichibi lomlotha, bese usebenzisa udaka olungangeni manzi (izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi lingaphansi kuka-5%) ukuplasta ubuso, kanti utshalomali luphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuplasta udaka olungangeni manzi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi yokwakha yokuplasta ungqimba olungangeni manzi kufanele iqinisekiswe. Kungcono ukwengeza izinto ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ku-daka ukuze kuncishiswe imifantu yodaka. Iphansi lechibi lomlotha kufanele libe nokulinganisa okuthile kokwehla ukuze kube lula ukuhlanza. Ichibi lomlotha kufanele libe nophahla olunendawo eyanele yokuvikela emvuleni naselangeni. Udaka lugcinwa echibini lomlotha, futhi ubuso bechibi lomlotha kufanele bumbozwe ngokuphelele ngendwangu yepulasitiki ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udaka lusesimweni esivaliwe.
Indima ebalulekile ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ku-wet-mix mortar inezici ezintathu, enye ikhono elihle kakhulu lokugcina amanzi, enye ithonya ekuhambisaneni kanye ne-thixotropy yo-wet-mix mortar, kanti eyesithathu ukusebenzisana nesamente. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-cellulose ether uncike ekumuncweni kwamanzi kwesendlalelo esiyisisekelo, ukwakheka ko-mortar, ukujiya kongqimba lo-mortar, isidingo samanzi so-mortar, kanye nesikhathi sokusetha kwezinto zokusetha. Uma ukucaca kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuphakeme, kulapho ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono khona.
Izici ezithinta ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-wet-mix mortar zifaka phakathi i-cellulose ether viscosity, inani lokwengeza, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kokusetshenziswa. Uma i-cellulose ether i-viscosity inkulu, kulapho ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono khona. I-Viscosity iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-HPMC. Kumkhiqizo ofanayo, imiphumela ye-viscosity elinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ihlukile kakhulu, futhi eminye ize ibe nomehluko ophindwe kabili. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa i-viscosity, kumele kwenziwe phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlola ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-rotor, njll.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono. Kodwa-ke, uma i-viscosity iphakeme futhi isisindo sama-molecule se-HPMC siphakeme, ukwehla okuhambisanayo kokuncibilika kwayo kuzoba nomthelela omubi emandleni nasekusebenzeni kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokujiya ubonakala kakhulu ku-mortar, kodwa awulingani ngokuqondile. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, kulapho i-mortar emanzi izoba yinkimbinkimbi khona, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ibonakala njengokunamathela ku-scraper kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu ku-substrate. Kodwa akusizi ukwandisa amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi uqobo. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okulwa nokuwa akubonakali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ethile eguquliwe ene-viscosity ephakathi nephansi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi.
Ku-mortar exutshwe ngamanzi, inani lokwengeza le-cellulose ether HPMC liphansi kakhulu, kodwa lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar exutshwe ngamanzi, futhi liyisithasiselo esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose efanele kunethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwe-mortar exutshwe ngamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-04-2023