Udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi lubhekisa kwizinto ezisimende, i-fine aggregate, umxube, amanzi kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezimiselwe ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo. Ngokwemilinganiselo ethile, emva kokulinganiswa nokuxutywa kwisikhululo sokuxuba, luthuthwa luye kwindawo olusetyenziswa ngayo yilori yokuxuba. Gcina umxube wodaka kwisikhongozeli esikhethekileyo kwaye ulusebenzise ngaphakathi kwexesha elichaziweyo. Umgaqo wokusebenza wodaka oluxutywe ngamanzi ufana nodaka lorhwebo, kwaye isikhululo sokuxuba ikhonkrithi yorhwebo sinokuvelisa udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi ngaxeshanye.
1. Iingenelo zedaka elixutywe ngamanzi
1) I-mortar exutywe ngamanzi ingasetyenziswa ngqo emva kokuba ithuthwe iye kwindawo ngaphandle kokuyicubungula, kodwa i-mortar kufuneka igcinwe kwisikhongozeli esingangeni moya;
2) I-mortar exutywe ngamanzi ilungiselelwa kumzi-mveliso wobungcali, nto leyo enceda ekuqinisekiseni nasekulawuleni umgangatho we-mortar;
3) Ukhetho lwezinto eziluhlaza ze-mortar exutywe ngamanzi lukhulu. I-aggregate inokuba yomile okanye imanzi, kwaye akufuneki yomiswe, ngoko ke iindleko zingancitshiswa. Ukongeza, isixa esikhulu sesanti yomatshini eyenziweyo eveliswa yi-slag yenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso efana nothuthu oluphaphazelayo kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo yemizi-mveliso efana ne-slag yentsimbi kunye neentsila zemizi-mveliso zinokuxutywa, nto leyo engagcini nje ngokugcina izixhobo, kodwa ikwanciphisa neendleko ze-mortar.
4) Indawo yokwakha inendawo elungileyo kwaye ayinangcoliseko ingako.
2. Iingxaki zedaka elixutywe ngamanzi
1) Ekubeni i-mortar exutywe ngamanzi ixutywe namanzi kwisityalo sokuvelisa esiqeqeshiweyo, kwaye umthamo wokuthutha mkhulu ngaxeshanye, ayinakulawulwa ngokuguquguquka ngokwenkqubela yokwakha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukongeza, i-mortar exutywe ngamanzi kufuneka igcinwe kwisikhongozeli esingangeni moya emva kokuba ithuthwe ukuya kwindawo yokwakha, ngoko ke kufuneka kubekwe ichibi lothuthu kwindawo leyo;
2) Ixesha lokuhamba lilinganiselwe ziimeko zendlela;
3) Ekubeni i-mortar exutywe ngamanzi igcinwa kwindawo yokwakha ixesha elide, kukho iimfuno ezithile zokusebenza, ixesha lokubeka kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwe-mortar.
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose isetyenziswa njengearhente yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-retarder yesamente mortar ukwenza i-mortar ikwazi ukupompa. Isetyenziswa njenge-binder kwi-plaster yokuplasta, iphucula ukusasazeka kwaye yandisa ixesha lokusebenza. Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kuthintela ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokoma ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa, kwaye kwandisa amandla emva kokuqina. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, kwaye ikwangumsebenzi abavelisi abaninzi be-wet-mix mortar basekhaya abawunika ingqalelo. Izinto ezichaphazela isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-mortar exutywe ngamanzi ziquka ubungakanani be-HPMC eyongeziweyo, i-viscosity ye-HPMC, ubuncinci bee-particles, kunye nobushushu bendawo yokusetyenziswa.
Emva kokuba udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi luthuthwe lusiwe kwindawo leyo, kufuneka lugcinwe kwisikhongozeli esingangeni moya. Ukuba ukhetha isitya sesinyithi, isiphumo sokugcina sesona silungileyo, kodwa utyalo-mali luphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo engayi kunceda ekuthandweni nasekusetyenzisweni; ungasebenzisa izitena okanye iibhloko ukwakha ichibi lothuthu, uze usebenzise udaka olungangeni manzi (izinga lokufunxwa kwamanzi lingaphantsi kwe-5%) ukuplasta umphezulu, kwaye utyalo-mali lolona luphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuplasta udaka olungangeni manzi kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye umgangatho wokwakhiwa kodaka olungangeni manzi kufuneka uqinisekiswe. Kungcono ukongeza izinto ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kwidaka ukuze kuncitshiswe imifantu yedaka. Umgangatho wedaka lothuthu kufuneka ube nomgangatho othile wokuthambeka ukuze kube lula ukucoca. Idaka lothuthu kufuneka libe nophahla olunendawo eyaneleyo yokukhusela emvuleni naselangeni. Udaka lugcinwa kwidaka lothuthu, kwaye umphezulu wedaka lothuthu kufuneka ugqunywe ngokupheleleyo ngelaphu leplastiki ukuqinisekisa ukuba udaka lukwimeko evaliweyo.
Indima ebalulekileyo ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kwi-wet-mix mortar ikakhulu inemiba emithathu, enye kukugcina amanzi kakuhle, enye yimpembelelo ekuhambelaneni nasekuqineni kwe-thixotropy ye-wet-mix mortar, kwaye eyesithathu kukusebenzisana nesamente. Isiphumo sokugcina amanzi se-cellulose ether sixhomekeke ekufunxeni kwamanzi kwi-base maleage, ukwakheka kwe-mortar, ubukhulu be-mortar maleage, imfuno yamanzi ye-mortar, kunye nexesha lokubeka izinto zokubeka. Okukhona i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose icaca kakhulu, kokukhona i-water retention ingcono.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-wet-mix mortar ziquka i-cellulose ether viscosity, ubungakanani bokongeza, ubuncinci beentwana kunye nobushushu bokusetyenziswa. Okukhona i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether inkulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono. I-Viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-HPMC. Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo ze-viscosity ezilinganiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide zibe nomahluko ophindwe kabini. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa i-viscosity, kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kweendlela zovavanyo ezifanayo, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu kwaye ubunzima be-molecular ye-HPMC buphezulu, ukwehla kokunyibilika kwayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokutyeba sibonakala ngakumbi kwi-mortar, kodwa ayilingani ngokuthe ngqo. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-mortar emanzi iya kuba ne-viscous ngakumbi, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ibonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate. Kodwa akuncedi ukwandisa amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi ngokwayo. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ukusebenza kwe-anti-sag akubonakali. Ngokuchasene noko, i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose eguquliweyo ene-viscosity ephakathi nephantsi ine-viscosity egqwesileyo ekuphuculeni amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi.
Kwi-mortar exutywe ngamanzi, ubungakanani bokongeza be-cellulose ether HPMC buphantsi kakhulu, kodwa bunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar exutywe ngamanzi, kwaye sisongezelelo esiphambili esichaphazela ukusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose echanekileyo kunempembelelo enkulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-mortar exutywe ngamanzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-04-2023