Mtondo wosakaniza wonyowa umatanthauza zinthu zosakaniza simenti, zinthu zosakaniza bwino, zosakaniza, madzi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake, pambuyo poyezedwa ndikusakanizidwa mu malo osakaniza, umasamutsidwa kupita kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi galimoto yosakanizira. Sungani chisakanizo cha matope mu chidebe chapadera ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya matope osakanizidwa wonyowa ndi yofanana ndi konkriti yogulitsa, ndipo malo osakanizira a konkriti yogulitsa amatha kupanga matope osakanizidwa wonyowa nthawi imodzi.
1. Ubwino wa matope osakaniza ndi madzi
1) Mtondo wosakaniza ndi madzi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji utanyamulidwa kupita kumaloko popanda kukonzedwa, koma mtondowo uyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chopanda mpweya;
2) Mtondo wosakaniza ndi madzi umakonzedwa mu fakitale yaukadaulo, zomwe zimathandiza kuonetsetsa ndikuwongolera ubwino wa matopewo;
3) Kusankha zipangizo zopangira matope osakaniza ndi madzi ndi kwakukulu. Chosakanizacho chingakhale chouma kapena chonyowa, ndipo sichifunika kuumitsa, kotero mtengo wake ukhoza kuchepetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mchenga wambiri wopangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi zinyalala za mafakitale monga phulusa la ntchentche ndi zinyalala zolimba za mafakitale monga chitsulo ndi zinyalala za mafakitale zimatha kusakanizidwa, zomwe sizimangopulumutsa ndalama zokha, komanso zimachepetsa mtengo wa matope.
4) Malo omangira ali ndi malo abwino komanso kuipitsidwa kochepa.
2. Zoyipa za matope osakaniza ndi madzi
1) Popeza matope osakaniza ndi madzi amasakanizidwa ndi madzi mu fakitale yopanga akatswiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe ndi kwakukulu nthawi imodzi, sangathe kulamulidwa mosinthasintha malinga ndi momwe ntchito yomanga ikuyendera komanso momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, matope osakaniza ndi madzi ayenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chopanda mpweya atatumizidwa kumalo omanga, kotero dziwe la phulusa liyenera kuyikidwa pamalopo;
2) Nthawi yoyendera imachepetsedwa ndi momwe magalimoto amayendera;
3) Popeza matope osakaniza ndi madzi amasungidwa pamalo omangira kwa nthawi yayitali, pali zofunikira zina kuti matopewo agwire ntchito, nthawi yokhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a matopewo.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira madzi komanso choletsa simenti kuti matopewo azitha kupopedwa. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira mu pulasitala, imapangitsa kuti madzi azitha kufalikira komanso imawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kosunga madzi kumalepheretsa matope kusweka chifukwa chouma mwachangu kwambiri mutagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kumawonjezera mphamvu pambuyo pouma. Kusunga madzi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, komanso ndi ntchito yomwe opanga matope ambiri osakaniza madzi m'nyumba amasamala. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza momwe matope osakaniza madzi amasungira madzi ndi monga kuchuluka kwa HPMC komwe kumawonjezeredwa, kukhuthala kwa HPMC, kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi kutentha kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Pambuyo poti matope osakaniza ndi madzi anyamulidwa kupita kumaloko, ayenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chosalowa mpweya chomwe sichimayamwa. Ngati mwasankha chidebe chachitsulo, zotsatira zake zosungira ndi zabwino kwambiri, koma ndalama zomwe zayikidwazo ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe sizingathandize kufalikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito; mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa kapena mabuloko kumanga dziwe la phulusa, kenako gwiritsani ntchito matope osalowa madzi (chiwerengero choyamwa madzi chochepera 5%) kuti mupaka pulasitiki pamwamba pake, ndipo ndalama zomwe zayikidwazo ndi zochepa kwambiri. Komabe, pulasitiki ya matope osalowa madzi ndiyofunika kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wa kapangidwe ka pulasitiki wosalowa madzi uyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Ndibwino kuwonjezera zinthu za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ku matope kuti muchepetse ming'alu ya matope. Pansi pa dziwe la phulusa liyenera kukhala ndi malo otsetsereka kuti lisamavutike kuyeretsa. Dziwe la phulusa liyenera kukhala ndi denga lokwanira kuteteza ku mvula ndi dzuwa. Madziwo amasungidwa mu dziwe la phulusa, ndipo pamwamba pa dziwe la phulusa liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nsalu yapulasitiki kuti zitsimikizire kuti matopewo ali otsekedwa.
Udindo wofunikira wa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC mu matope osakaniza madzi uli ndi mbali zitatu, chimodzi ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosungira madzi, china ndi momwe matope osakaniza madzi amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndipo chachitatu ndi momwe matope osakaniza madzi amagwirira ntchito ndi simenti. Mphamvu yosungira madzi ya cellulose ether imadalira kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa maziko, kapangidwe ka matope, makulidwe a matope, kufunika kwa madzi kwa matope, komanso nthawi yoyika zinthu. Pamene hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ikuwonekera bwino, madzi amasungidwa bwino.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusunga madzi mu matope osakaniza ndi madzi ndi monga kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera, kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose kumakhala kwakukulu, kumachititsanso kuti kusunga madzi kukhale bwino. Kukhuthala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa HPMC. Pa chinthu chomwecho, zotsatira za kukhuthala zomwe zimayesedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo zina zimakhala ndi kusiyana kawiri. Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza kukhuthala, ziyenera kuchitika pakati pa njira zoyesera zomwezo, kuphatikizapo kutentha, rotor, ndi zina zotero.
Kawirikawiri, kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Komabe, kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu komanso kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a HPMC kukakhala kwakukulu, kuchepa kofanana kwa kusungunuka kwake kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope. Kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa matope kumakhala koonekera bwino, koma sikufanana mwachindunji. Kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa matope onyowa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, ndiko kuti, panthawi yomanga, kumaonekera ngati kumamatira ku scraper ndi kumamatira kwambiri ku substrate. Koma sizothandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu ya matope onyowa okha. Panthawi yomanga, mphamvu yotsutsana ndi kusagwa siidziwika. M'malo mwake, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yosinthidwa yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwapakati komanso kotsika imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pakukweza mphamvu ya matope onyowa.
Mu matope osakanikirana ndi madzi, kuchuluka kwa HPMC yowonjezera ya cellulose ether kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, koma kumatha kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a matope osakanikirana ndi madzi, ndipo ndi chowonjezera chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a matope. Kusankha bwino hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yoyenera kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a matope osakanikirana ndi madzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-04-2023