1 Kupu Whakataki
I tēnei wā, ko te rauemi mata matua e whakamahia ana mō te whakarite i tete etera cellulosehe miro, ā, kei te heke te hua, ā, kei te piki hoki te utu;
Heoi anō, ko ngā matū whakapūkara e whakamahia whānuitia ana pērā i te waikawa chloroacetic (tino paitini) me te ethylene oxide (carcinogenic) he kino ake ki te tinana tangata me te taiao. Pukapuka
I roto i tēnei upoko, ko te cellulose paina, he neke atu i te 90% te parakore i tangohia i te upoko tuarua, e whakamahia ana hei rauemi mata, ā, ko te konutai chloroacetate me te 2-chloroethanol hei whakakapi.
Mā te whakamahi i te waikawa chloroacetic tino paitini hei kaihoko etherifying, anionicte carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), i whakaritea te hydroxyethyl cellulose kore-ionic.
Te cellulose (HEC) me te ranunga o te hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose (HECMC) ethers cellulose e toru. tauwehe kotahi
I arotauhia ngā tikanga whakarite o ngā etera cellulose e toru mā roto i ngā whakamātautau me ngā whakamātautau orthogonal, ā, i tautuhia ngā etera cellulose i hangaia mā te FT-IR, XRD, H-NMR, me ētahi atu.
Ngā kaupapa matua o te whakapūtanga o te cellulose
Ka taea te wehewehe i te kaupapa matua o te whakapūkara cellulose kia rua ngā wāhanga. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te tukanga whakapūkara, arā, i te wā o te tauhohenga whakapūkara o te cellulose,
Ka horapa ōritetia i roto i te otinga NaOH, ka pupuhi kaha te cellulose paina i raro i te mahi a te whakaoho miihini, me te whakawhānui o te wai.
I uru atu tētahi nui o ngā ngota iti NaOH ki roto i te pūtau paina, ā, i tauhohe ki ngā rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te mowhiti o te wae hanganga hukahuka,
Ka whakaputa i te cellulose alkali, te pokapū hohe o te tauhohenga etherification.
Ko te wāhanga tuarua ko te tukanga etherification, arā, ko te tauhohenga i waenga i te pokapū hohe me te konutai chloroacetate, te 2-chloroethanol rānei i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore, ka hua ake
I taua wā anō, ka whakaputahia hoki e te konutai chloroacetate me te 2-chloroethanol tētahi taumata wai i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore.
Ka whakatauhia ngā tauhohenga taha hei whakaputa i te konutai glycolate me te ethylene glycol.
2 Te maimoatanga mua o te wetewete tioata kawakore kukū o te cellulose paina
Tuatahi, whakaritea he kukū motuhake o te otinga NaOH me te wai whakakore iona. Kātahi, i tētahi pāmahana motuhake, tāpirihia te 2 karamu o te muka paina.
Ka whakarewaina te huaora ki roto i tētahi rahinga otinga NaOH, ka whakaohokia mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka tātarihia hei whakamahi.
Kaihanga Tauira Taputapu
Mita pH Tika
Whakaoho aukume whakamahana pāmahana pumau momo kaikohi
Oumu whakamaroke korehau
Taurite hiko
Papu korehau maha-kaupapa momo wai e rere ana
Ine Whāwhā Whero-ā-Whārite Fourier Transform
Ine ine hihi-X
Ine Whakamātautau Aukume Karihi
Hangzhou Aolilong Instrument Co., Ltd.
Te Kamupene Taputapu Taputapu Huichuang o Hangzhou
Te Kamupene Taputapu Whakamātautau o Shanghai Jinghong, Ltd.
METTLER TOLEDO Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou David Pūtaiao me te Mātauranga Taputapu Co., Ltd.
Te Kamupene Fisher o Amerika Thermo, Ltd.
Kamupene ARL o Amerika mō te Thermoelectric o Switzerland
Kamupene Huiterangi BRUKER
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Te whakarite i ngā CMC
Mā te whakamahi i te cellulose alkali rakau paina i tukatukahia i mua mā te wetewete alkali kukū hei rauemi mata, mā te whakamahi i te etanoru hei whakarewa me te whakamahi i te konutai chloroacetate hei etherification.
I whakaritea te CMC me te DS teitei ake mā te tāpiri i te kawakawa kia rua ngā wā, me te kaihoko whakaetere kia rua ngā wā. Tāpirihia te 2 karamu o te cellulose kawakawa rakau paina ki roto i te pounamu kaki-whā, kātahi ka tāpirihia he nui o te whakarewa etanoru, ā, whakaohokia kia pai mō te 30 meneti.
mō, kia tino marara te cellulose alkali. Kātahi ka tāpirihia he nui o te kaihoko alkali me te konutai chloroacetate hei tauhohe mō tētahi wā i tētahi pāmahana etherification
I muri i te wā, ka tāpirihia te tuarua o te kawakore me te konutai chloroacetate, ā, ka whai ake ko te etherification mō tētahi wā. Kia mutu te tauhohenga, whakamataohia, kātahi ka whakamatao.
Whakakorea ki te nui e tika ana o te waikawa acetic hukapapa, kātahi ka tātarihia, horoia, ka whakamaroke.
Te whakarite i ngā HEC
Mā te whakamahi i te cellulose alkali rakau paina i mua i te tukatuka ki te wetewete alkali kukū hei rauemi mata, te etanoru hei whakarewa me te 2-chloroethanol hei etherification.
I whakaritea te HEC me te MS teitei ake mā te tāpiri i te kawakawa kia rua ngā wā, me te kaihoko whakaetere kia rua ngā wā. Tāpirihia te 2 karamu o te cellulose kawakawa rakau paina ki roto i tētahi pounamu kaki-whā, kātahi ka tāpirihia he rahinga motuhake o te 90% (wāhanga rahinga) etanoru, whakaohokia.
Whakaohokia mō tētahi wā kia marara katoa, kātahi ka tāpirihia he nui o te kawakore, ka whakamahana mārire, tāpirihia he nui o te 2-
I whakaeterehia te chloroethanol ki te pāmahana pumau mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka tāpirihia te toenga o te konutai hauwai me te 2-chloroethanol hei haere tonu i te whakaeterehia mō tētahi wā. Whakaorahia
Kia oti te tauhohenga, whakamahia he waikawa acetic hukapapa hei whakakore i te wai, ā, hei whakamutunga, tātarihia mā te whakamahi i te tātari karāhe (G3), horoia, ka whakamaroke.
Te whakarite o te HEMCC
Mā te whakamahi i te HEC i whakaritea i te 3.2.3.4 hei rauemi mata, te etanoru hei reo tauhohenga, me te konutai chloroacetate hei kaihoko etherifying hei whakarite.
HECMC. Ko te tukanga motuhake ko: tangohia he nui o te HEC, ka maka ki roto i tētahi pounamu kaki-whā 100 mL, kātahi ka tāpirihia he nui o te rōrahi
90% etanoru, whakaohokia ā-mīhini mō tētahi wā kia marara katoa, tāpirihia he nui o te kawakore i muri i te whakamahana, kātahi ka tāpirihia mārire
Ko te konutai chloroacetate, ka mutu te whakaetere i te pāmahana pumau i muri i tētahi wā. Kia oti te tauhohenga, whakakorea ki te waikawa acetic hukapapa hei whakakore, kātahi ka whakamahia he tātari karāhe (G3)
I muri i te tātari momi, ka horoia, ka whakamaroke.
Te purenga o ngā etera cellulose
I roto i te tukanga whakarite o te cellulose ether, ka puta pinepine ētahi hua taha, ko te nuinga ko te tote kore-waro konutai pūhaumāota me ētahi atu
ngā poke. Hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te cellulose ether, i mahia he purenga māmā ki te cellulose ether i whiwhihia. nā te mea kei roto i te wai
He rerekē te wairewatanga, nō reira ka whakamahia e te whakamātautau tētahi wāhanga nui o te etanoru waikura hei whakamāori i ngā etera cellulose e toru kua rite.
huringa.
Whakanohoia te tauira cellulose ether kua whakaritea ki tētahi kounga motuhake ki roto i tētahi beaker, tāpirihia he nui o te 80% etanoru kua whakamahanahia ki te 60 ℃ ~ 65 ℃, ā, kia mau tonu te whakaoho ā-ringa i te 60 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ i runga i tētahi whakaoho aukume whakamahana pāmahana pumau mō te 10 ℃. Me whakamaroke te wai i runga.
I roto i tētahi kapure ma, whakamahia te hiriwa nitrate hei tirotiro mō ngā iona pūhaumāota. Mena he mā te waikura, tātarihia mā roto i tētahi tātari karāhe ka tangohia te totoka.
Whakahokia ngā mahi o mua mō te wāhanga tinana, kia kore ra ano he putunga mā i roto i te tātari i muri i te tāpiri i te 1 pata o te otinga AgNO3, arā, kua oti te purenga me te horoinga.
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ki roto (hei tango i te hua taha o te tauhohenga NaCl). Whai muri i te tātari momi, ka whakamaroke, ka whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma, ā, ka paunatia.
papatipu, g
Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau me te Whakaahuatanga mō ngā Etera Cellulose
Te Whakatau i te Tohu Whakakapinga (DS) me te Tohu Whakakapinga Molar (MS)
Te Whakatau i te DS: Tuatahi, paunatia te 0.2 karamu (tika ki te 0.1 mg) o te tauira cellulose ether kua purea, kua maroke hoki, ka whakarewahia ki roto
80mL o te wai māori, whakaohokia ki roto i te kaukau wai pāmahana pumau i te 30℃~40℃ mō te 10 meneti. Kātahi ka whakatikatikahia ki te otinga waikawa whanariki, ki te otinga NaOH rānei.
te pH o te otinga kia eke te pH o te otinga ki te 8. Kātahi ka whakamahia he otinga paerewa o te waikawa whanariki i roto i tētahi ipukara kua whakauruhia ki te hiko mita pH.
Hei whakatītī, i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakaoho, tirohia te pānui mita pH i te wā e whakatītī ana, ina whakatikatikaina te uara pH o te otinga ki te 3.74,
Ka mutu te ine ine. Mātakitakihia te rōrahi o te otinga paerewa waikawa whanariki i whakamahia i tēnei wā.
Whakatupuranga:
Te tapeke o ngā tau pūtorino o runga me te rōpū hydroxyethyl
Ko te ōwehenga o te maha o ngā porotini o runga; ko te I7 te papatipu o te rōpū methylene i runga i te rōpū hydroxyethyl
Te kaha o te tihi orooro o te pūtoro; ko te kaha o te tihi orooro o te pūtoro o ngā rōpū methine e 5 me te rōpū methylene kotahi i runga i te waeine huka cellulose
Tapeke.
Ko ngā tikanga whakamātautau kua whakaahuatia mō te whakamātautau āhuahanga pūwhero o ngā etera cellulose e toru, arā, ko te CMC, ko te HEC me te HEECMC
Ture
3.2.4.3 Whakamātautau XRD
Whakamātautau Āhuatanga Tātaritanga Whakarerekētanga Hiko-X o ngā Etera Cellulose e Toru CMC, HEC me HEECMC
te tikanga whakamātautau kua whakaahuatia.
3.2.4.4 Te whakamātautau i te H-NMR
I inehia te ine āwhata H NMR o HEC e te ine āwhata Avance400 H NMR i hangaia e BRUKER.
Mā te whakamahi i te dimethyl sulfoxide deuterated hei whakarewa, i whakamatautauria te otinga mā te tirotiro hauwai wai NMR. Ko te auau whakamātautau he 75.5MHz.
Mahana, ko te 0.5mL te nui o te otinga.
3.3 Ngā Hua me te Tātari
3.3.1 Te arotau i te tukanga whakarite CMC
Mā te whakamahi i te paina cellulose i tangohia i te upoko tuarua hei rauemi mata, me te whakamahi i te konutai chloroacetate hei kaihoko etherifying, i tangohia te tikanga whakamātautau tauwehe kotahi,
I arotauhia te tukanga whakarite o te CMC, ā, i whakatakotoria ngā taurangi tuatahi o te whakamātautau e ai ki te Ripanga 3.3. Koinei te tukanga whakarite HEC e whai ake nei
I roto i te toi, ko te tātari i ngā āhuatanga maha.
Ripanga 3.3 Ngā Uara Tauwehe Tīmatanga
Uara Tīmatanga Tauwehe
Te pāmahana whakapūmau i mua i te maimoatanga/℃ 40
Te wā whakapūmau i mua i te maimoatanga/h 1
Te ōwehenga o mua i te maimoatanga totoka-wai/(g/mL) 1:25
Te kukū o te wai rongoā i mua i te maimoatanga/% 40
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Ko te pāmahana whakaetere tuatahi o te wāhanga/℃ 45
Te wā whakapūmautanga tuatahi-wāhanga/h 1
Te pāmahana whakaetere tuarua o te wāhanga/℃ 70
Te wā whakaetere tuarua o te wāhanga/h 1
Te horopeta turanga i te wāhanga whakaetere/g 2
Te nui o te kaihoko whakaetere i te wāhanga whakaetere/g 4.3
Te ōwehenga totoka-wai kua whakapūmautia/(g/mL) 1:15
3.3.1.1 Te awe o ngā āhuatanga rerekē ki te taumata whakakapinga CMC i te wāhanga whakapūngao i mua i te maimoatanga
1. Te pānga o te pāmahana whakapūkara i mua i te maimoatanga ki te taumata whakakapinga o te CMC
Hei whakaaroaro i te pānga o te pāmahana whakapūkara i mua i te maimoatanga ki te nui o te whakakapinga i roto i te CMC kua whiwhihia, mēnā ka whakaritea ētahi atu āhuatanga hei uara tīmatanga,
I raro i ngā tikanga, ka matapakihia te pānga o te pāmahana whakapūkara i mua i te maimoatanga ki te nekehanga whakakapinga CMC, ā, ka whakaaturia ngā hua i te Pikitia.
Te pāmahana whakakawa i mua i te maimoatanga/℃
Te pānga o te pāmahana whakakawa i mua i te maimoatanga ki te tohu whakakapinga CMC
Ka kitea ko te nui o te whakakapinga o te CMC ka piki ake i te pikinga o te pāmahana whakapūkara i mua i te maimoatanga, ā, ko te pāmahana whakapūkara he 30 °C.
Ka heke te nui o te whakakapinga i runga ake nei i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Nā te mea he iti rawa te pāmahana whakakawa, ā, he iti ake te kaha o ngā ngota, ā, kāore e taea te mahi.
Ka whakangaro pai i te rohe tioata o te cellulose, ka uaua ai te whakauru o te kaihoko etherifying ki roto i te cellulose i te wā etherification ana, ā, he teitei te taumata o te tauhohenga.
he iti, ka iti ake te whakakapinga o te hua. Heoi, kaua te pāmahana whakapūkara e tino teitei. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, i raro i te mahi a te pāmahana teitei me te kawakore kaha,
He ngāwari te cellulose ki te pirau waikura, ā, ka heke te nui o te whakakapinga o te hua CMC.
2. Te awe o te wā whakapūmau i mua i te maimoatanga ki te taumata whakakapinga CMC
I raro i te tikanga ko te pāmahana whakapūkara i mua i te maimoatanga he 30 °C, ā, ko ētahi atu āhuatanga ko ngā uara tīmatanga, ka matapakihia te pānga o te wā whakapūkara i mua i te maimoatanga ki te CMC.
Te pānga o te whakakapinga. Te nui o te whakakapinga
Te wā whakapūmau i mua i te maimoatanga/h
Te pānga o te wā whakapūkara i mua i te maimoatanga kiCMCte tohu whakakapinga
He tere rawa te tukanga whakapūpū, engari me whai wā horapa te otinga kawakore i roto i te muka.
Ka kitea ina 0.5-1.5h te wā whakapūkara, ka piki ake te taumata whakakapinga o te hua me te pikinga ake o te wā whakapūkara.
Ko te nui o te whakakapinga o te hua i whiwhihia ko te mea teitei rawa atu i te wā i 1.5 hāora te roa, ā, i heke te nui o te whakakapinga i te pikinga ake o te wā i muri i te 1.5 hāora. Ka taea tēnei
Tērā pea nā te mea i te tīmatanga o te whakapūkara, me te roa o te wā whakapūkara, he nui ake te urunga o te kawakore ki te cellulose, kia nui ake ai te muka
He ngāwari ake te hanganga matua, ka whakanui ake i te kaihoko etherifying me te reo hohe.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-26-2024