1 Isingeniso
IShayina ibilokhu ikhuthaza ubumba oluxutshwe ngomuthi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, iminyango kahulumeni kazwelonke efanele ibeke ukubaluleka ekuthuthukisweni kobumba oluxutshwe ngomuthi futhi ikhiphe izinqubomgomo ezikhuthazayo. Njengamanje, kunezifundazwe nomasipala abangaphezu kwe-10 ezweni abasebenzise ubumba oluxutshwe ngomuthi. Ngaphezulu kwama-60%, kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-800 zobumba oluxutshwe ngomuthi ezingaphezu kwesilinganiso esivamile, ezinomthamo wokuklama waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizigidi ezingama-274. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kobumba oluxutshwe ngomuthi olujwayelekile kwaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-62.02.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakha, udoti uvame ukulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi futhi awunaso isikhathi esanele namanzi okumanzisa, okuholela ekungangeni kwamandla nokuqhekeka kwe-paste yesimende ngemva kokuqina. I-Cellulose ether iwumxube ovamile we-polymer kudoti oxutshwe okomile. Inemisebenzi yokugcina amanzi, ukuqina, ukulibaziseka kanye nokufaka umoya, futhi ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodoti.
Ukuze i-mortar ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuthutha futhi ixazulule izinkinga zokuqhekeka kanye namandla aphansi okubopha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwengeza i-cellulose ether ku-mortar. Lesi sihloko sethula kafushane izici ze-cellulose ether kanye nomthelela wayo ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezisekelwe kusimende, sinethemba lokusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene ne-mortar exutshwe ngomumo.
2 Isingeniso ku-cellulose ether
I-Cellulose Ether (i-Cellulose Ether) yenziwe nge-cellulose ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-etherification kwe-etherification eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kanye nokugaya okomile.
2.1 Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-ether e-cellulose
Ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali sezinto ezithatha indawo ye-ether, ama-ether e-cellulose angahlukaniswa abe ama-ether e-anionic, cationic kanye nama-nonionic. Ama-ether e-cellulose e-Ionic ahlanganisa kakhulu i-carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ama-ether e-cellulose angewona i-ionic ahlanganisa kakhulu i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) njalo njalo. Ama-ether angewona i-ionic ahlukaniswe abe ama-ether ancibilikayo emanzini kanye nama-ether ancibilikayo ku-oyela. Ama-ether ancibilikayo emanzini angewona i-ionic asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-mortar. Lapho kukhona ama-ion e-calcium, ama-ether e-cellulose e-ionic awazinzile, ngakho awavamile ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ye-mortar exutshwe nodaka esebenzisa usimende, i-slaked lime, njll. njengezinto zokuqinisa. Ama-ether e-cellulose ancibilikayo emanzini angewona i-ionic asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuqina kwawo kokumiswa kanye nomphumela wokugcina amanzi.
Ngokusho kwama-ejenti ahlukene e-etherification akhethiwe enqubweni ye-etherification, imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ifaka phakathi i-methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, i-cyanoethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-Ethyl cellulose, i-benzyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, i-benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose kanye ne-phenyl cellulose.
Ama-ether e-cellulose asetshenziswa ku-mortar avame ukufaka i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) Phakathi kwawo, i-HPMC kanye ne-HEMC yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
2.2 Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-cellulose ether ngayinye inesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesakhiwo se-cellulose-anhydroglucose. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether, i-cellulose fiber iqale ifudunyezwe kwisisombululo se-alkaline bese iphathwa nge-etherifying agent. Umkhiqizo wokusabela kwe-fibrous uyahlanzwa bese ugaywa ukuze wakhe i-powder efanayo enobunono obuthile.
Ekukhiqizweni kwe-MC, kusetshenziswa i-methyl chloride kuphela njenge-ether ethobisayo; ngaphezu kwe-methyl chloride, i-propylene oxide nayo isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto ezithatha indawo ye-hydroxypropyl ekukhiqizweni kwe-HPMC. Ama-ether ahlukahlukene e-cellulose anezinga elihlukile lokushintshana kwe-methyl ne-hydroxypropyl, okuthinta ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokushisa kwejeli yokushisa kwesisombululo se-cellulose ether.
2.3 Izici zokuncibilika kwe-cellulose ether
Izici zokuncibilika kwe-cellulose ether zinethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-cement mortar. I-Cellulose ether ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlangana kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cement mortar, kodwa lokhu kuncike ekutheni i-cellulose ether incibilike ngokuphelele emanzini. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuncibilika kwe-cellulose ether isikhathi sokuncibilika, isivinini sokuxubha kanye nokuba bushelelezi kwempuphu.
2.4 Indima yokucwila kudoti wesamente
Njengesengezo esibalulekile se-slurry yesimende, i-Destroy inomphumela wayo kulezi zici ezilandelayo.
(1) Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-mortar futhi wandise i-viscosity ye-mortar.
Ukufaka i-flame jet kungavimbela i-mortar ukuthi ihlukane futhi ithole umzimba wepulasitiki ofanayo nofanayo. Isibonelo, amadokodo afaka i-HEMC, i-HPMC, njll., alungele i-mortar enezingqimba ezincane kanye nokuplasta. , Izinga lokucheba, izinga lokushisa, ukugcwala kokuwa kanye nokugcwala kukasawoti oncibilikisiwe.
(2) Inomphumela wokungenisa umoya.
Ngenxa yokungcola, ukufakwa kwamaqembu ezinhlayiyeni kunciphisa amandla angaphezulu ezinhlayiyeni, futhi kulula ukufaka izinhlayiya ezizinzile, ezifanayo nezincane engqungqutheleni exutshwe nomphezulu wokuxubana enqubweni. "Ukusebenza kahle kwebhola" kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwengqungqu, kunciphisa umswakama wengqungqu futhi kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kwengqungqu. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi lapho inani lokuxuba le-HEMC ne-HPMC lingu-0.5%, okuqukethwe kwegesi kwengqungqu kukhulu kakhulu, cishe ku-55%; lapho inani lokuxuba lingaphezu kuka-0.5%, okuqukethwe kwengqungqu kuyathuthuka kancane kancane kube ukuthambekela kokuqukethwe kwegesi njengoba inani landa.
(3) Yigcine ingashintshi.
I-wax ingancibilika, igcobe futhi ixube udoti, futhi ilulaze ungqimba oluncane lwe-mortar kanye ne-plastering powder. Akudingeki ukuthi imanziswe kusenesikhathi. Ngemva kokwakhiwa, izinto ezifaka udoti zingaba nesikhathi eside sokumanzisa okuqhubekayo ogwini lolwandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathelana phakathi kodoti kanye ne-substrate.
Imiphumela yokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether ezintweni ezintsha ezisekelwe kusimende ihlanganisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukungenisa umoya kanye nokulibaziseka. Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-cellulose ethers ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-cellulose ethers kanye ne-cement slurry kancane kancane kuba yindawo yokucwaninga.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 16-2021