1 Hoʻolauna
Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Kina i ka mortar i kāwili ʻia no nā makahiki he 20 a ʻoi. ʻOi loa aku i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kau nā keʻena aupuni pili i ke koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mortar i kāwili ʻia a ua hoʻopuka i nā kulekele hoʻoikaika. I kēia manawa, aia ma mua o 10 mau panalāʻau a me nā kaona ma ka ʻāina i hoʻohana i ka mortar i kāwili ʻia. Ma mua o 60%, aia ma mua o 800 mau ʻoihana mortar i kāwili ʻia ma luna o ka pae maʻamau, me ka mana hoʻolālā makahiki o 274 miliona tons. I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka hana makahiki o ka mortar i kāwili ʻia maʻamau he 62.02 miliona tons.
I ke kaʻina hana kūkulu ʻana, nalowale pinepine ka wai o ka mortar a ʻaʻohe manawa a me ka wai e hoʻomaʻū ai, e hopena ana i ka ikaika ʻole a me ka nahā ʻana o ka paʻi sima ma hope o ka paʻakikī ʻana. ʻO ka Cellulose ether kahi hui polymer maʻamau i loko o ka mortar maloʻo-hui ʻia. Loaʻa iā ia nā hana o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ka mānoanoa, ka lohi a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ea, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ka mortar.
I mea e hoʻokō ai ka mortar i nā koi halihali a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka haki ʻana a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa, he mea nui loa ia e hoʻohui i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar. Hoʻolauna pōkole kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano o ka cellulose ether a me kona mana i ka hana o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima, me ka manaʻolana e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia loea e pili ana i ka mortar i hui mua ʻia.
2 Hoʻolauna i ka cellulose ether
Hana ʻia ka Cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) mai ka cellulose ma o ka hopena etherification o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea etherification a me ka wili maloʻo.
2.1 Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ethers cellulose
Wahi a ke ʻano kemika o nā mea pani ether, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ether cellulose i nā ethers anionic, cationic a me nonionic. ʻO nā ethers cellulose Ionic e komo pū me ka carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ʻo nā ethers cellulose non-ionic e komo pū me ka methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) a me ka hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) a pēlā aku. Ua māhele ʻia nā ethers non-ionic i nā ethers wai-soluble a me nā ethers ʻaila-soluble. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ethers wai-soluble non-ionic i nā huahana mortar. I ke alo o nā ion calcium, ʻaʻole paʻa nā ethers cellulose ionic, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā huahana mortar maloʻo e hoʻohana ana i ka sima, ka lime slaked, a pēlā aku ma ke ʻano he mea sima. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ethers cellulose wai-soluble non-ionic i ka ʻoihana mea kūkulu hale ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa hoʻokuʻu a me ka hopena paʻa wai.
Wahi a nā ʻano etherification like ʻole i koho ʻia i ke kaʻina hana etherification, ʻo nā huahana cellulose ether e komo pū me ka methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose a me phenyl cellulose.
ʻO nā cellulose ethers i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mortar e komo pū me ka methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) a me hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) I waena o lākou, ʻo HPMC a me HEMC nā mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
2.2 Nā waiwai kemika o ka cellulose ether
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia cellulose ether ke ʻano kumu o ka cellulose-anhydroglucose structure. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i ka cellulose ether, hoʻomehana mua ʻia ka fiber cellulose i loko o kahi hopena alkaline a laila mālama ʻia me kahi mea etherifying. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka huahana hopena fibrous a wili ʻia e hana i kahi pauka like me kahi fineness.
I ka hana ʻana o MC, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he mea etherifying; ma waho aʻe o ka methyl chloride, hoʻohana ʻia ka propylene oxide e loaʻa ai nā substituents hydroxypropyl i ka hana ʻana o HPMC. Loaʻa i nā ʻano cellulose ethers like ʻole nā helu hoʻololi methyl a me hydroxypropyl, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hoʻohālikelike organik a me ka mahana gel thermal o ka hopena cellulose ether.
2.3 Nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka cellulose ether
He mana koʻikoʻi ko nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka cellulose ether i ka hana o ka sima sima. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cellulose ether e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pili ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka sima sima, akā pili kēia i ka hoʻoheheʻe piha ʻia ʻana o ka cellulose ether i ka wai. ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka cellulose ether ʻo ia ka manawa hoʻoheheʻe, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka pauka.
2.4 Ke kuleana o ka piholo ʻana i loko o ka sima sima
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi o ka slurry sima, loaʻa iā Destroy kona hopena ma nā ʻano aʻe.
(1) Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar a hoʻonui i ka mānoanoa o ka mortar.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi e hiki ke pale i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mortar a loaʻa i kahi kino plastik like a like. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā keʻena e hoʻokomo ana iā HEMC, HPMC, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he kūpono ia no ka mortar papa lahilahi a me ka plastering. , Ka wikiwiki o ka shear, ka mahana, ka nui o ka hiolo a me ka nui o ka paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
(2) He hopena hoʻokomo ea kona.
Ma muli o nā haumia, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā hui i loko o nā ʻāpana e hōʻemi ana i ka ikehu o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana, a he maʻalahi ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana paʻa, like a maikaʻi i loko o ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻili hoʻoulu i ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka "Bola pono" i ka hana kūkulu o ka mortar, hoʻemi i ka makū o ka mortar a hoʻemi i ka conductivity thermal o ka mortar. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua i ka wā e 0.5% ka nui o ka hui ʻana o HEMC a me HPMC, ʻo ka nui o ke kinoea o ka mortar ka mea nui loa, ma kahi o 55%; i ka wā e ʻoi aku ai ka nui o ka hui ʻana ma mua o 0.5%, ulu mālie ka nui o ka mortar i loko o kahi ʻano o ka ʻike kinoea i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui.
(3) E mālama iā ia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻia.
Hiki i ka wax ke hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻowali a hoʻoulu i ka mortar, a hoʻomaʻalahi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka papa lahilahi o ka mortar a me ka pauka palaki. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻomaʻū mua ʻia. Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana, hiki i ka mea sima ke loaʻa i kahi manawa lōʻihi o ka hydration mau ma ke kahakai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pipili ma waena o ka mortar a me ka substrate.
ʻO nā hopena hoʻololi o ka cellulose ether ma nā mea sima hou e pili ana i ka mānoanoa, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ka ea entrainment a me ka lohi. Me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā cellulose ethers i nā mea sima, ʻo ka pilina ma waena o nā cellulose ethers a me ka slurry sima e lilo mālie nei i wahi noʻonoʻo.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-16-2021