1 Okwu Mmalite
China anọwo na-akwalite ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwakọta ihe karịrị afọ 20. Karịsịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ngalaba gọọmentị mba dị mkpa etinyela aka n'ịmepụta ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwakọta ma wepụta amụma ndị na-agba ume. Ugbu a, e nwere ihe karịrị ógbè na obodo iri na mba ahụ ejirila ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwakọta ihe. Ihe karịrị 60%, e nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwakọta 800 karịa nke nkịtị, ha nwere ikike imewe kwa afọ nke 274 nde tọn. Na 2021, mmepụta kwa afọ nke ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwakọta ihe bụ 62.02 nde tọn.
N'oge a na-arụ ụlọ ahụ, ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-efunahụ mmiri nke ukwuu, ọ naghịkwa enwe oge na mmiri zuru oke iji mee ka mmiri dị n'ime ya, nke na-eme ka ike na mgbawa nke ihe mkpuchi simenti ghara ịdị oke mma mgbe ọ gbasịrị ike. Cellulose ether bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ngwakọta polymer n'ime ihe mkpuchi akọrọ. Ọ nwere ọrụ nke idobe mmiri, ịka nká, ịla azụ na itinye ikuku n'ime ya, ọ nwekwara ike ime ka arụmọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ ka mma nke ukwuu.
Iji mee ka ngwa agha ahụ mezuo ihe achọrọ maka njem ma dozie nsogbu nke mgbawa na obere ike njikọ, ọ dị oke mkpa itinye cellulose ether na ngwa agha ahụ. Isiokwu a na-ewebata obere ihe njirimara nke cellulose ether na mmetụta ya na arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị e ji simenti mee, na-atụ anya inyere aka dozie nsogbu teknụzụ metụtara nke ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta.
2 Okwu Mmalite nke cellulose ether
A na-eji cellulose eme cellulose Ether (cellulose Ether) site na mmeghachi omume etherification nke otu ma ọ bụ karịa ihe ndị na-eme ka etherification na igwe nkụ.
2.1 Nhazi nke cellulose ethers
Dịka usoro kemịkalụ nke ihe ndị na-anọchi ether si dị, enwere ike kewaa ethers cellulose ka ọ bụrụ anionic, cationic na nonionic. Ethers cellulose Ionic gụnyere carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ethers cellulose non-ionic gụnyere methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) na hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) na ndị ọzọ. A na-ekewa ethers na-abụghị ionic ka ọ bụrụ ethers na-agbaze mmiri na ethers na-agbaze mmanụ. A na-ejikarị ethers na-agbaze mmiri na-abụghị ionic eme ihe na ngwaahịa moto. N'ihu calcium ion, ethers ionic cellulose anaghị akwụsi ike, yabụ a naghị eji ha eme ihe na ngwaahịa moto akọrọ nke na-eji simenti, lime slaked, wdg dị ka ihe simenti. A na-ejikarị ethers cellulose na-agbaze mmiri na-abụghị ionic eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu n'ihi nkwụsi ike ha na mmetụta njigide mmiri.
Dịka ihe dị iche iche etherification si dị, ngwaahịa cellulose ether gụnyere methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose na phenyl cellulose.
Cellulose ethers eji eme ihe n'ime ngwa agha na-agụnyekarị methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) na hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC). N'ime ha, HPMC na HEMC bụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
2.2 Njirimara kemịkalụ nke cellulose ether
Ether cellulose ọ bụla nwere usoro nhazi nke cellulose-anhydroglucose. N'ime usoro imepụta cellulose ether, a na-ebu ụzọ kpoo eriri cellulose ọkụ na mmiri alkaline wee jiri ihe na-eme ka ikuku dị ọcha. A na-asacha ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume fibrous ma ghee ya ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ otu nwere obere ntụpọ.
N'ime mmepụta nke MC, naanị methyl chloride ka a na-eji dị ka ihe na-eme ka ikuku dị ọcha; na mgbakwunye na methyl chloride, a na-ejikwa propylene oxide iji nweta ihe ndị na-anọchi hydroxypropyl na mmepụta nke HPMC. Ọtụtụ cellulose ethers nwere ọnụego mgbanwe methyl na hydroxypropyl dị iche iche, nke na-emetụta ndakọrịta organic na okpomọkụ gel nke ihe ngwọta cellulose ether.
2.3 Àgwà nke ịgbaze nke cellulose ether
Àgwà mgbaze nke cellulose ether nwere nnukwu mmetụta na ike nke simenti. Enwere ike iji cellulose ether mee ka njikọ na idobe mmiri nke simenti dịkwuo mma, mana nke a dabere na cellulose ether agbaze kpamkpam na mmiri. Isi ihe ndị na-emetụta mgbaze nke cellulose ether bụ oge mgbaze, ọsọ na-akpali akpali na ịdị mma nke ntụ ntụ.
2.4 Ọrụ nke mikpuo n'ime simenti
Dịka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa nke simenti slurry, Destroy nwere mmetụta ya n'akụkụ ndị a.
(1) Meziwanye ike nke ngwa agha ahụ ma mee ka ọ dị mma nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Itinye jet ọkụ nwere ike igbochi ngwa agha ahụ ikewapụ ma nweta ahụ plastik dị otu na nke yiri ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ntu ndị gụnyere HEMC, HPMC, wdg, dị mma maka ngwa agha dị gịrịgịrị na plasta. , ọnụego ịkpụcha, okpomọkụ, njupụta ọdịda na njupụta nnu agbazere.
(2) Ọ nwere mmetụta nke itinye ikuku n'ime ya.
N'ihi ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha, itinye otu n'ime ihe ndị ahụ na-ebelata ike elu nke ihe ndị ahụ, ọ dịkwa mfe itinye obere ihe kwụsiri ike, nke yiri ibe ha na nke dị nro n'ime ihe mkpuchi ahụ agwakọtara ya na elu na-akpali akpali n'oge usoro ahụ. "Ọkwa bọọlụ" na-eme ka arụmọrụ owuwu nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ ka mma, na-ebelata mmiri nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ ma na-ebelata ike okpomọkụ nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ. Nnwale egosila na mgbe ọnụọgụ ngwakọta nke HEMC na HPMC bụ 0.5%, ọdịnaya gas nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ bụ nke kachasị, ihe dị ka 55%; mgbe ọnụọgụ ngwakọta ahụ karịrị 0.5%, ọdịnaya nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-etolite nwayọ nwayọ ka ọnụọgụgụ ahụ na-abawanye.
(3) Mee ka ọ ghara ịgbanwe agbanwe.
Wax ahụ nwere ike ịgbaze, tee mmanụ ma gwakọta ya na moto ahụ, ma mee ka ọ dị mfe ime ka obere moto na ntụ plastering dị nro. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka e mee ya mmiri tupu oge eruo. Mgbe e wuchara ya, ihe simenti ahụ nwekwara ike inwe mmiri mmiri ogologo oge na-aga n'ihu n'ụsọ oké osimiri iji melite nrapado dị n'etiti moto ahụ na ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ya.
Mmetụta mgbanwe nke cellulose ether na ihe ndị e ji simenti ọhụrụ mee gụnyere ịka nká, idobe mmiri, itinye ikuku na nkwụsị. Site na ojiji a na-eji cellulose ethers eme ihe n'ihe ndị e ji simenti mee, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti cellulose ethers na simenti slurry na-aghọ nke a na-ahụkarị n'oge nnyocha.
Oge ozi: Disemba-16-2021