1. Intshayelelo
I-China ibisoloko ikhuthaza i-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungisiwe kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Ingakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amasebe karhulumente kazwelonke afanelekileyo abeke ukubaluleka ekuphuhlisweni kwe-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungisiwe kwaye akhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthazayo. Okwangoku, kukho amaphondo kunye noomasipala abangaphezu kwe-10 kweli lizwe abasebenzise i-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungisiwe. Ngaphezulu kwama-60%, kukho amashishini angaphezu kwama-800 e-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungisiwe ngaphezu kwesikali esiqhelekileyo, anomthamo woyilo wonyaka weetoni ezingama-274 ezigidi. Ngo-2021, imveliso yonyaka ye-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungisiwe yayiyi-62.02 yezigidi zeetoni.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, i-mortar idla ngokulahlekelwa ngamanzi amaninzi kwaye ayinalo ixesha elaneleyo kunye namanzi okufumisa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-samente paste ingaqini ngokwaneleyo kwaye iqhekeke emva kokuba iqine. I-Cellulose ether yi-polymer admixture eqhelekileyo kwi-mortar exutywe nomileyo. Inemisebenzi yokugcina amanzi, ukutyeba, ukulibazisa kunye nokungenisa umoya, kwaye inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar.
Ukuze i-mortar ihlangabezane neemfuno zothutho kwaye isombulule iingxaki zokuqhekeka kunye namandla aphantsi okubopha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukongeza i-cellulose ether kwi-mortar. Eli nqaku lichaza ngokufutshane iimpawu ze-cellulose ether kunye nempembelelo yayo ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezisekwe kwisamente, ngethemba lokunceda ekusombululeni iingxaki zobugcisa ezinxulumene ne-mortar exutywe sele ilungile.
2 Intshayelelo kwi-cellulose ether
I-Cellulose Ether (i-Cellulose Ether) yenziwe nge-cellulose ngokusebenzisa i-etherification reaction ye-etherification agent enye okanye ezingaphezulu kunye ne-dry grinding.
2.1 Ukuhlelwa kwee-ether ze-cellulose
Ngokwesakhiwo seekhemikhali sezinto ezithatha indawo ye-ether, ii-cellulose ethers zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-anionic, cationic kunye nee-nonionic ethers. Ii-Ionic cellulose ethers ziquka ikakhulu i-carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ii-non-ionic cellulose ethers ziquka ikakhulu i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) njalo njalo. Ii-Non-ionic ethers zahlulwe zibe zii-water-soluble ethers kunye nee-oil-soluble ethers. Ii-Non-ionic water-soluble ethers zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso ze-mortar. Xa kukho ii-calcium ions, ii-ionic cellulose ethers azizinzanga, ngoko azisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimveliso ze-dry-mix mortar ezisebenzisa isamente, i-slaked lime, njl.njl. njengezinto zokufaka i-cement. Ii-Non-ionic water-soluble cellulose ethers zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwezixhobo zokwakha ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo kokuxhonywa kunye nefuthe lokugcina amanzi.
Ngokweearhente ezahlukeneyo ze-etherification ezikhethiweyo kwinkqubo ye-etherification, iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ziquka i-methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, i-cyanoethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-Ethyl cellulose, i-benzyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, i-benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose kunye ne-phenyl cellulose.
Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezisetyenziswa kwi-mortar zihlala ziquka i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC). Phakathi kwazo, i-HPMC kunye ne-HEMC zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
2.2 Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-cellulose ether nganye inesakhiwo esisisiseko sesakhiwo se-cellulose-anhydroglucose. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether, i-cellulose fiber ifudunyezwa kuqala kwisisombululo se-alkaline ize iphathwe nge-etherifying agent. Imveliso ye-fibrous reaction iyacocwa ize igutywe ukuze yenze umgubo ofanayo onobuncinci obuthile.
Kwimveliso ye-MC, kusetyenziswa i-methyl chloride kuphela njenge-etherifying agent; ukongeza kwi-methyl chloride, i-propylene oxide ikwasetyenziswa ukufumana izinto ezithatha indawo ye-hydroxypropyl kwimveliso ye-HPMC. Ii-ethers ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose zinezinga ezahlukeneyo zokutshintshwa kwe-methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropyl, ezichaphazela ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nobushushu be-gel yobushushu kwisisombululo se-cellulose ether.
2.3 Iimpawu zokunyibilika kwe-cellulose ether
Iimpawu zokunyibilika kwe-cellulose ether zinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-samente mortar. I-Cellulose ether ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuhambelana kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-samente mortar, kodwa oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni i-cellulose ether inyibilike ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-cellulose ether lixesha lokunyibilika, isantya sokuxubha kunye nokuqina komgubo.
2.4 Indima yokutshona kwisamente
Njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo se-slurry yesamente, i-Destroy inefuthe layo kwezi zinto zilandelayo.
(1) Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesamente kunye nokwandisa ubungqindilili besamente.
Ukufaka i-flame jet kunokuthintela i-mortar ukuba ingahlukani kwaye ifumane umzimba weplastiki ofanayo nofanayo. Umzekelo, ii-booths eziquka i-HEMC, i-HPMC, njl.njl., zilungele i-mortar enomgangatho omncinci kunye ne-plaster. , Isantya sokucheba, ubushushu, uxinzelelo lokuwa kunye noxinzelelo lwetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo.
(2) Inefuthe lokungenisa umoya.
Ngenxa yokungcola, ukufakwa kwamaqela kwiingceba kunciphisa amandla omphezulu weengceba, kwaye kulula ukungenisa iingceba ezizinzileyo, ezifanayo nezicolekileyo kwi-mortar exutywe nomphezulu wokuxuba ngexesha lenkqubo. "Ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhola" kuphucula ukusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar, kunciphisa ukufuma kwe-mortar kwaye kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwe-mortar. Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba xa isixa sokuxuba se-HEMC kunye ne-HPMC siyi-0.5%, umxholo wegesi kwi-mortar ngowona mkhulu, malunga ne-55%; xa isixa sokuxuba singaphezulu kwe-0.5%, umxholo we-mortar ukhula kancinci kancinci ube ngumkhwa womxholo wegesi njengoko isixa sisanda.
(3) Yigcine ingatshintshanga.
Iwax inokunyibilika, ithambise kwaye ixube i-mortar, kwaye incede ukuthambisa umaleko omncinci we-mortar kunye ne-plastering powder. Akufuneki ukuba imanziswe kwangaphambili. Emva kokwakhiwa, izinto ezisebenzisa i-cementitious zinokuba nexesha elide lokufuma rhoqo elunxwemeni ukuphucula ukunamathelana phakathi kwe-mortar kunye ne-substrate.
Iziphumo zokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether kwizinto ezisandula ukwenziwa ezisekelwe kwisamente ziquka ukujiya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukungenisa umoya kunye nokulibaziseka. Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-cellulose ethers kwizinto ezisekelwe kwisamente, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-cellulose ethers kunye ne-samente slurry kuya kuba yindawo ephambili yophando.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-16-2021