1 Kupu Whakataki
Neke atu i te 20 tau a Haina e whakatairanga ana i te moata kua oti te whakaranu. Ina koa i ngā tau tata nei, kua aro nui ngā tari kāwanatanga ā-motu ki te whanaketanga o te moata kua oti te whakaranu, ā, kua whakaputa kaupapa here whakatenatena. I tēnei wā, neke atu i te 10 ngā kawanatanga me ngā kaunihera o te motu kua whakamahi i te moata kua oti te whakaranu. Neke atu i te 60%, neke atu i te 800 ngā umanga moata kua oti te whakaranu kei runga ake i te tauine noa, me te kaha hoahoa ā-tau o te 274 miriona tana. I te tau 2021, ko te whakaputanga ā-tau o te moata kua oti te whakaranu he 62.02 miriona tana.
I te wā o te hanga, he nui rawa te wai e ngaro ana i te moata, ā, kāore e ranea te wā me te wai hei whakamakuku, ka hua ake te kore e ranea te kaha me te pakaru o te whakapiri sima i muri i te whakapakeketanga. Ko te cellulose ether he ranunga polymer noa i roto i te moata maroke-ranu. He mahi āna hei pupuri wai, hei whakamātotoru, hei whakaroa me te pupuri hau, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata.
Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kawe o te moata, hei whakaoti hoki i ngā raruraru o te pakaru me te ngoikore o te kaha o te piri, he mea nui te tāpiri i te cellulose ether ki te moata. Ka whakamāramahia pototia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga o te cellulose ether me tōna awe ki te mahi a ngā rauemi sima, me te tumanako ka āwhina i te whakaoti i ngā raruraru hangarau e pā ana ki te moata kua oti te whakaranu.
2 Whakataki ki te cellulose ether
Ka hangaia te Cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) mai i te cellulose mā te tauhohenga etherification o tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā kaihoko etherification me te huri maroke.
2.1 Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā etera cellulose
E ai ki te hanganga matū o ngā whakakapinga etera, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā etera cellulose ki ngā etera anionic, cationic me te nonionic. Ko ngā etera cellulose ionic ko te carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ko ngā etera cellulose kore-ionic ko te methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) me te hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) me ētahi atu. Ka wehea ngā etera kore-ionic ki ngā etera wairewa-wai me ngā etera wairewa-hinu. Ko ngā etera wairewa-wai kore-ionic ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i ngā hua moata. I te aroaro o ngā iona konupūmā, he koretake ngā etera cellulose ionic, nō reira he onge te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hua moata ranunga maroke e whakamahi ana i te sima, te raima kua whakamatea, me ētahi atu hei rauemi sima. Ko ngā etera cellulose wairewa-wai kore-ionic ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te umanga rauemi hanga nā te mea he pumau te whakatārewatanga me te pānga pupuri wai.
E ai ki ngā momo kaihoko etherification kua tīpakohia i roto i te tukanga etherification, ko ngā hua cellulose ether ko te methyl cellulose, te hydroxyethyl cellulose, te hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, te cyanoethyl cellulose, te carboxymethyl cellulose, te Ethyl cellulose, te benzyl cellulose, te carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, te benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose me te phenyl cellulose.
Ko ngā etera cellulose e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata ko te methyl cellulose ether (MC), te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), te hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) me te hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC). I roto i ēnei, ko te HPMC me te HEMC ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
2.2 Ngā āhuatanga matū o te cellulose ether
Kei ia cellulose ether te hanganga taketake o te hanganga cellulose-anhydroglucose. I te tukanga whakaputa cellulose ether, ka whakamahanahia te muka cellulose i roto i te otinga kawakore, kātahi ka rongoatia ki te kaihoko etherifying. Ka purea te hua tauhohenga muka, ka hurihia kia hanga he paura ōrite me te matotoru.
I te hanga o te MC, ko te methyl chloride anake e whakamahia ana hei etherifying agent; i tua atu i te methyl chloride, ka whakamahia hoki te propylene oxide hei whiwhi i ngā whakakapinga hydroxypropyl i roto i te hanga o te HPMC. He rerekē ngā tere whakakapinga methyl me te hydroxypropyl o ngā cellulose ethers, e pā ana ki te hototahitanga waro me te pāmahana gel wera o te otinga cellulose ether.
2.3 Ngā āhuatanga whakarewa o te cellulose ether
He nui te pānga o ngā āhuatanga whakarewa o te cellulose ether ki te kaha o te mahi a te moata sima. Ka taea te whakamahi i te cellulose ether hei whakapai ake i te piripono me te pupuri wai o te moata sima, engari e whakawhirinaki ana tēnei ki te rewa katoa o te cellulose ether ki te wai. Ko ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te whakarewatanga o te cellulose ether ko te wā whakarewa, te tere whakaoho me te pai o te paura.
2.4 Te tūranga o te totohu i roto i te moata sima
Hei tāpiringa nui ki te paru sima, ka whai pānga a Destroy i ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei.
(1) Whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te mahi a te moata, me te whakanui ake i te matotoru o te moata.
Mā te whakauru i te mura ahi ka ārai i te wehenga o te moata, ā, ka puta he tinana kirihou ōrite, ōrite hoki. Hei tauira, ko ngā rūma e whakauru ana i te HEMC, HPMC, me ētahi atu, he pai mō te moata paparanga angiangi me te parai. , te tere kutikuti, te pāmahana, te kukū hinga me te kukū tote rewa.
(2) He pānga kukume hau tōna.
Nā te poke, ka whakaitihia te kaha o te mata o ngā matūriki mā te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū ki roto i ngā matūriki, ā, he māmā noa iho te whakauru i ngā matūriki pumau, ōrite, me te pai ki roto i te moata kua konatunatua ki te mata whakaoho i roto i te tukanga. Ka whakapai ake te "pai o te pōro" i te mahi hanga o te moata, ka whakaiti i te makuku o te moata, ā, ka whakaiti i te kawe wera o te moata. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau ina 0.5% te nui o te ranunga o te HEMC me te HPMC, ko te nui rawa o te hau o te moata, tata ki te 55%; ina nui ake te nui o te ranunga i te 0.5%, ka whanake haere te nui o te hau o te moata i te pikinga o te nui.
(3) Kaua e whakarerekētia.
Ka taea e te ware pi te whakarewa, te whakahinuhinu me te whakaoho i te moata, ā, ka āwhina i te whakangawari i te paparanga angiangi o te moata me te paura parai. Kāore e hiahiatia kia whakamakukuhia i mua. I muri i te hanganga, ka taea hoki e te rauemi sima te whakamakuku tonu i te takutai mo te wā roa hei whakapai ake i te piri i waenga i te moata me te papa.
Ko ngā pānga whakarerekētanga o te cellulose ether ki ngā rauemi sima hou ko te matotoru, te pupuri wai, te urunga hau me te whakaroa. Nā te whakamahinga whānui o ngā cellulose ether i roto i ngā rauemi sima, kei te piki haere te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā cellulose ether me te paru sima hei wāhi rangahau.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-16-2021