1 Gabatarwa
Kasar Sin ta shafe sama da shekaru 20 tana tallata turmi mai hade-hade. Musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sassan gwamnatin kasa masu dacewa sun ba da muhimmanci ga samar da turmi mai hade-hade tare da fitar da manufofi masu karfafa gwiwa. A halin yanzu, akwai larduna da kananan hukumomi sama da 10 a kasar da suka yi amfani da turmi mai hade-hade. Fiye da kashi 60%, akwai kamfanonin turmi mai hade-hade sama da 800 sama da matsakaicin matsakaicin, tare da karfin zane na shekara-shekara na tan miliyan 274. A shekarar 2021, samar da turmi mai hade-hade na yau da kullun a kowace shekara ya kai tan miliyan 62.02.
A lokacin gina turmi, turmi yakan rasa ruwa da yawa kuma ba ya da isasshen lokaci da ruwa don ya yi laushi, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin ƙarfi da fashewar manna siminti bayan ya taurare. Cellulose ether wani abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin turmi mai busasshe. Yana da ayyukan riƙe ruwa, kauri, jinkiri da kuma shigar da iska cikin turmi, kuma yana iya inganta aikin turmi sosai.
Domin a sa turmi ya cika buƙatun sufuri da kuma magance matsalolin fashewa da ƙarancin ƙarfin haɗuwa, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ƙara cellulose ether a cikin turmi. Wannan labarin ya gabatar da ɗan taƙaitaccen bayanin halayen cellulose ether da tasirinsa akan aikin kayan da aka yi da siminti, yana fatan taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin fasaha da suka shafi turmi da aka shirya haɗe-haɗe.
2 Gabatarwa ga cellulose ether
Ana yin Cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) daga cellulose ta hanyar amsawar etherification na ɗaya ko fiye da sinadaran etherification da kuma niƙa busasshen.
2.1 Rarraba ƙwayoyin cellulose ethers
Dangane da tsarin sinadarai na abubuwan da ke maye gurbin ether, ana iya raba ethers na cellulose zuwa anionic, cationic da nonionic ethers. Ethers na ionic cellulose sun haɗa da carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ethers na non-ionic cellulose ethers sun haɗa da methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) da hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) da sauransu. Ethers na non-ionic an raba su zuwa ethers masu narkewa a ruwa da ethers masu narkewa a mai. Ethers na non-ionic galibi ana amfani da su a cikin kayayyakin turmi. A gaban ions na calcium, ethers na ionic cellulose ba su da ƙarfi, don haka ba kasafai ake amfani da su a cikin kayayyakin turmi masu gauraya waɗanda ke amfani da siminti, lemun tsami mai laushi, da sauransu a matsayin kayan siminti ba. Ana amfani da ethers na cellulose marasa narkewa a ruwa a masana'antar kayan gini saboda kwanciyar hankali da tasirin riƙe ruwa.
Dangane da nau'ikan sinadaran etherification da aka zaɓa a cikin tsarin etherification, samfuran ether cellulose sun haɗa da methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose da phenyl cellulose.
Kwayoyin cellulose da ake amfani da su a turmi galibi sun haɗa da methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) da hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC). Daga cikinsu, HPMC da HEMC sune aka fi amfani da su.
2.2 Sifofin sinadarai na cellulose ether
Kowace cellulose ether tana da tsarin asali na tsarin cellulose-anhydroglucose. A yayin samar da cellulose ether, ana fara dumama zaren cellulose a cikin ruwan alkaline sannan a yi masa magani da wani sinadarin etherifying. Ana tsarkake samfurin amsawar fibrous kuma a niƙa don samar da foda iri ɗaya tare da ɗan laushi.
A cikin samar da MC, ana amfani da methyl chloride kawai a matsayin wakili mai tsarkake iska; ban da methyl chloride, ana amfani da propylene oxide don samun madadin hydroxypropyl a cikin samar da HPMC. Kwayoyin cellulose daban-daban suna da bambancin canjin methyl da hydroxypropyl, wanda ke shafar daidaiton kwayoyin halitta da zafin gel na thermal na maganin cellulose ether.
2.3 Halayen narkewar cellulose ether
Halayen narkewar cellulose ether suna da tasiri sosai kan iya aiki da turmi na siminti. Ana iya amfani da cellulose ether don inganta haɗin kai da riƙe ruwa na turmi na siminti, amma wannan ya dogara ne akan cellulose ether ya narke gaba ɗaya a cikin ruwa. Manyan abubuwan da ke shafar narkewar cellulose ether sune lokacin narkewa, saurin juyawa da kuma ƙarancin foda.
2.4 Matsayin nutsewa a cikin turmi na siminti
A matsayin wani muhimmin ƙari na siminti, Destroy yana da tasirinsa a cikin waɗannan fannoni.
(1) Inganta iya aiki na turmi da kuma ƙara danko na turmi.
Haɗa na'urar wuta zai iya hana turmi rabuwa da kuma samun jikin filastik iri ɗaya da na roba iri ɗaya. Misali, rumfunan da suka haɗa da HEMC, HPMC, da sauransu, suna da amfani ga turmi mai sirara da kuma shafa shi da filastik. , Yawan yankewa, zafin jiki, yawan rushewa da kuma yawan gishirin da aka narkar.
(2) Yana da tasirin shiga iska.
Saboda ƙazanta, shigar da ƙungiyoyi cikin ƙwayoyin cuta yana rage kuzarin saman ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana da sauƙi a shigar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu karko, iri ɗaya da ƙanana a cikin turmi da aka gauraya da saman da ke motsawa yayin aiwatarwa. "Ingancin ƙwallon ƙafa" yana inganta aikin ginin turmi, yana rage danshi na turmi kuma yana rage ƙarfin zafin turmi. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa lokacin da yawan haɗa HEMC da HPMC ya kai 0.5%, yawan iskar gas na turmi shine mafi girma, kusan 55%; lokacin da adadin haɗa ya fi 0.5%, abun cikin turmi yana haɓaka sannu a hankali zuwa yanayin iskar gas yayin da adadin ke ƙaruwa.
(3) A bar shi ya canza.
Kakin zai iya narkewa, ya shafa mai sannan ya motsa turmi, sannan ya sauƙaƙa laushin siraran turmi da foda mai laushi. Ba sai an jika shi ba tukunna. Bayan an gama ginin, kayan simintin kuma za su iya samun ruwa mai ɗorewa na dogon lokaci a bakin teku don inganta mannewa tsakanin turmi da substrate.
Tasirin gyaran cellulose ether akan sabbin kayan da aka yi da siminti ya haɗa da kauri, riƙe ruwa, shigar iska cikin iska da kuma jinkiri. Tare da yawan amfani da cellulose ethers a cikin kayan da aka yi da siminti, hulɗar da ke tsakanin cellulose ethers da simintin slurry yana zama abin bincike a hankali.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-16-2021