1 Nhanganyaya
China yave ichikurudzira kugadzira simbi dzakasanganiswa nemafuta kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri. Kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura, madhipatimendi ehurumende yenyika akakosha akaisa kukosha pakugadzirwa kwesimbi dzakasanganiswa nemafuta uye akapa mitemo inokurudzira. Parizvino, kune matunhu nemakanzuru anopfuura gumi munyika akashandisa simbi dzakasanganiswa nemafuta. Pamusoro pe60%, kune makambani anopfuura 800 esimbi dzakasanganiswa nemafuta ari pamusoro pechikero chenguva dzose, ane simba rekugadzira rematani mamiriyoni 274 pagore. Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwegore negore kwesimbi dzakasanganiswa nemafuta kwaive matani mamiriyoni 62.02.
Munguva yekuvaka, dhaka rinowanzo rasikirwa nemvura yakawandisa uye harina nguva yakakwana nemvura yakakwana yekunyorovesa, zvichikonzera kusasimba kwakakwana uye kutsemuka kwesimbi yesimende mushure mekuoma. Cellulose ether isanganiswa yakajairika yepolymer mudhaka rakasanganiswa rakaoma. Rine mabasa ekuchengetedza mvura, kukora, kunonoka uye kupinza mweya, uye rinogona kuvandudza mashandiro edhaka zvakanyanya.
Kuti dhaka risvike pazvinodiwa zvekufambisa uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ekutsemuka uye kusimba kwekubatana kwakaderera, zvakakosha zvikuru kuwedzera cellulose ether mudhaka. Chinyorwa chino chinopa muchidimbu hunhu hwe cellulose ether uye simba rayo pakushanda kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimende, tichitarisira kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko ehunyanzvi ane chekuita nedhaka rakasanganiswa.
2 Nhanganyaya kune cellulose ether
Cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) inogadzirwa kubva kucellulose kuburikidza ne etherification reaction ye etherification imwe kana kupfuura uye dry grinding.
2.1 Kupatsanurwa kwe ether dze cellulose
Zvichienderana nechimiro chemakemikari chezvimwe zvinhu zvinotsiva ether, maether ecellulose anogona kukamurwa kuita maether e anionic, cationic uye nonionic. Maether e Ionic cellulose anosanganisira carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); maether e non-ionic cellulose anosanganisira methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) uye hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) nezvimwewo. Maether e non-ionic akakamurwa kuita maether anonyungudika mumvura uye maether anonyungudika mafuta. Maether e non-ionic water-soluble anonyanya kushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvemortar. Kana paine maion e calcium, maether e ionic cellulose haana kugadzikana, saka haawanzo shandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvemortar zvakasanganiswa ne dry-mix zvinoshandisa simende, slaked lime, nezvimwewo se cementing materials. Maether e non-ionic water-soluble cellulose anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvinhu zvekuvaka nekuda kwekugadzikana kwawo kwe suspension uye kuchengetedza mvura.
Zvichienderana nemarudzi akasiyana e etherification agents akasarudzwa mu etherification process, zvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether zvinosanganisira methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose uye phenyl cellulose.
Cellulose ethers dzinoshandiswa mumortar dzinowanzo sanganisira methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) uye hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC). Pakati padzo, HPMC neHEMC ndidzo dzinonyanya kushandiswa.
2.2 Hunhu hwemakemikari hwe cellulose ether
Cellulose ether yega yega ine chimiro che cellulose-anhydroglucose. Mukugadzira cellulose ether, cellulose fiber inotanga yapiswa mu alkaline solution yozorapwa ne etherifying agent. Chigadzirwa che fibrous reaction chinocheneswa uye chinokuyiwa kuti chiite upfu hwakafanana hune hutete hwakati.
Mukugadzirwa kweMC, methyl chloride chete ndiyo inoshandiswa sechinhu chinopa etherifying agent; pamusoro pemethyl chloride, propylene oxide inoshandiswawo kuwana hydroxypropyl substituents mukugadzirwa kweHPMC. Ma ether akasiyana-siyana e cellulose ane methyl ne hydroxypropyl substitution rates dzakasiyana, izvo zvinokanganisa organic compatibility uye thermal gel tembiricha ye cellulose ether solution.
2.3 Hunhu hwekunyungudika kwe cellulose ether
Hunhu hwekunyungudika kwe cellulose ether hune simba guru pakushanda kwe cement mortar. Cellulose ether inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kubatana uye kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe cement mortar, asi izvi zvinoenderana nekuti cellulose ether inonyungudika zvizere mumvura. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kunyungudika kwe cellulose ether inguva yekunyungudika, kumhanya kwekukurunga uye kupfava kwehupfu.
2.4 Basa rekunyura mudura resimende
Sechinhu chakakosha chinowedzera simende, Destroy ine simba rayo muzvinhu zvinotevera.
(1) Kuvandudza kushanda kwedhaka uye kuwedzera kunaka kwedhaka.
Kuisa moto wejeti kunogona kudzivirira kuti dhaka risaparadzane uye kuwana muviri wepurasitiki wakafanana uye wakaenzana. Semuenzaniso, matende ane HEMC, HPMC, nezvimwewo, akakodzera dhaka rakatetepa uye kupurasita. , Kucheka kwebvudzi, tembiricha, kuwanda kwemvura uye kuwanda kwemunyu wakanyungudutswa.
(2) Ine simba rekupinda mumhepo.
Nekuda kwetsvina, kuiswa kwemapoka muzvikamu kunoderedza simba repamusoro pezvikamu, uye zviri nyore kuisa zvikamu zvakagadzikana, zvakafanana uye zvakanaka muhari yakasanganiswa nepamusoro pekukurunga panguva iyi. "Kushanda zvakanaka kwebhora" kunovandudza mashandiro ekuvaka kwehari, kunoderedza hunyoro hwehari uye kunoderedza kupisa kwehari. Miedzo yakaratidza kuti kana huwandu hweHEMC neHPMC huchisanganiswa huri 0.5%, huwandu hwegasi muhari ndiyo yakakura, inenge 55%; kana huwandu hwekubatanidza hwapfuura 0.5%, huwandu hwehari hunokura zvishoma nezvishoma kuita mafambiro ehuwandu hwegasi sezvo huwandu huchiwedzera.
(3) Chengeta zvisina kuchinja.
Wakisi inogona kunyunguduka, kuisa mafuta uye kusanganisa mudura, uye kuita kuti dura rakatetepa remudura neupfu hwekupurasita zvive nyore. Hazvidi kuti inyoroveswe pachine nguva. Mushure mekuvakwa, zvinhu zvinosimbisa simende zvinogonawo kuva nenguva yakareba yemvura inoyerera pamhenderekedzo yegungwa kuti zvinatsiridze kubatana pakati pedura ne substrate.
Mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwe cellulose ether pazvinhu zvitsva zvakagadzirwa nesimende inosanganisira kukora, kuchengetedza mvura, kudzikamisa mhepo uye kunonoka. Nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwe cellulose ethers muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimende, kudyidzana pakati pe cellulose ethers ne cement slurry kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2021