1 Hordhac
Shiinuhu wuxuu dhiirrigelinayay hoobiye isku dhafan in ka badan 20 sano. Gaar ahaan sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, waaxyaha dowladda ee khuseeya ayaa muhiimad gaar ah siiyay horumarinta hoobiye isku dhafan waxayna soo saareen siyaasado dhiirigelin leh. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa dalka ka jira in ka badan 10 gobol iyo degmooyin oo isticmaalay hoobiye isku dhafan. In ka badan 60%, waxaa jira in ka badan 800 oo shirkadood oo hoobiye isku dhafan oo diyaarsan oo ka sarreeya heerka caadiga ah, iyadoo awoodda naqshadaynta sanadlaha ah ay tahay 274 milyan oo tan. Sannadkii 2021, wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah ee hoobiye isku dhafan oo diyaarsan wuxuu ahaa 62.02 milyan oo tan.
Inta lagu jiro hawsha dhismaha, hoobiyuhu wuxuu inta badan lumiyaa biyo aad u badan mana haysto waqti iyo biyo ku filan oo uu ku qoyo, taasoo keenta xoog aan ku filnayn iyo dildilaac ku yimaada koolada sibidhka ka dib marka la adkeeyo. Cellulose ether waa isku-darka polymer-ka caadiga ah ee hoobiyaha qalalan ee isku dhafan. Waxay leedahay shaqooyinka haynta biyaha, dhumucda, dib-u-dhaca iyo gelitaanka hawada, waxayna si weyn u hagaajin kartaa waxqabadka hoobiyaha.
Si hoobiyuhu u buuxiyo shuruudaha gaadiidka loona xalliyo dhibaatooyinka dildilaaca iyo xoogga isku xidhka oo hooseeya, waxaa muhiimad weyn leh in hoobiyuhu ku daro cellulose ether hoobiyaha. Maqaalkani wuxuu si kooban u soo bandhigayaa astaamaha ether cellulose iyo saameynta uu ku leeyahay waxqabadka agabka ku salaysan sibidhka, isagoo rajeynaya inuu gacan ka geysto xallinta dhibaatooyinka farsamo ee la xiriira hoobiyaha isku dhafan ee diyaarsan.
2 Hordhac ku saabsan cellulose ether
Cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) waxaa laga sameeyaa cellulose iyada oo loo marayo falgalka etherification ee hal ama in ka badan oo ah wakiilada etherification iyo shiidid qalalan.
2.1 Kala soocidda ether-yada cellulose-ka
Sida ku cad qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ee walxaha ether-ka ku jira, ether-yada cellulose waxaa loo qaybin karaa anionic, cationic iyo nonionic ethers. Ether-yada cellulose-ka ee ionic-ga waxaa inta badan ka mid ah carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); ether-yada cellulose-ka ee aan ionic-ga ahayn waxaa inta badan ka mid ah methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) iyo hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) iyo wixii la mid ah. Ether-yada aan ionic-ga ahayn waxaa loo qaybiyaa ether-yada biyaha ku milma iyo ether-yada saliidda ku milma. Ether-yada aan ionic-ga ahayn ee biyaha ku milma waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa alaabada hoobiyaha. Marka ay joogaan ion-yada kalsiyum-ka, ether-yada cellulose-ka ee ionic-ga ah waa kuwo aan degganayn, sidaa darteed si dhif ah ayaa loogu isticmaalaa alaabada hoobiyaha qalalan ee isticmaala sibidhka, lime la jarjaray, iwm. sida walxaha sibidhka. Ether-yada cellulose-ka ee aan ionic-ga ahayn ee biyaha ku milma ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha qalabka dhismaha sababtoo ah xasilloonidooda joojinta iyo saameynta haynta biyaha.
Sida laga soo xigtay wakiilada kala duwan ee etherification-ka ee lagu xushay habka etherification-ka, waxsoosaarka ether-ka cellulose waxaa ka mid ah methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose iyo phenyl cellulose.
Ether-yada Cellulose ee loo isticmaalo hoobiyaha badanaa waxaa ka mid ah methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) iyo hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC). Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah HPMC iyo HEMC oo ah kuwa ugu isticmaalka badan.
2.2 Sifooyinka kiimikada ee ether-ka cellulose
Ether-ka cellulose kasta wuxuu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee qaab-dhismeedka cellulose-anhydroglucose. Inta lagu guda jiro soo saarista ether-ka cellulose, fiber-ka cellulose marka hore waxaa lagu kululeeyaa xal alkaliin ah ka dibna waxaa lagu daaweeyaa wakiil etherifying ah. Badeecada falgalka fiber-ka waa la nadiifiyaa oo la shiiday si loo sameeyo budo isku mid ah oo leh qaab gaar ah.
Soo saarista MC, kaliya methyl chloride ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiil etherifying ah; marka lagu daro methyl chloride, propylene oxide ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu helo walxaha hydroxypropyl ee soo saarista HPMC. Noocyada kala duwan ee cellulose ethers waxay leeyihiin heerarka beddelka methyl iyo hydroxypropyl oo kala duwan, kuwaas oo saameeya iswaafajinta dabiiciga ah iyo heerkulka jel kulaylka ee xalka cellulose ether.
2.3 Astaamaha kala dirida ee ether-ka cellulose-ka
Astaamaha kala dirida ee ether-ka cellulose waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin shaqada hoobiyaha sibidhka. Ether-ka cellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu hagaajiyo isku-xidhnaanta iyo haysashada biyaha hoobiyaha sibidhka, laakiin tani waxay ku xiran tahay in ether-ka cellulose uu si buuxda oo buuxda ugu milmo biyaha. Arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee saameeya kala dirida ether-ka cellulose waa waqtiga kala dirida, xawaaraha walaaqidda iyo jilicsanaanta budada.
2.4 Doorka quusitaanka ee hoobiyaha sibidhka
Iyada oo ah wax lagu daro muhiim ah oo ah slurry sibidhka, Destroy waxay leedahay saameynteeda dhinacyada soo socda.
(1) Hagaajinta shaqada hoobiyaha oo kordhiso daxalka hoobiyaha.
Ku darista dabka waxay ka hortagi kartaa in hoobiyuhu kala tago oo uu helo jir balaastig ah oo isku mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, waabab ay ku jiraan HEMC, HPMC, iwm., ayaa ku habboon hoobiyaha lakabka khafiifka ah iyo balaastikada. , Heerka xiirashada, heerkulka, uruurinta burburka iyo uruurinta milixda milmay.
(2) Waxay leedahay saameyn hawo-gelin ah.
Sababo la xiriira wasakhda awgeed, soo bandhigidda kooxaha ee walxaha waxay yareysaa tamarta dusha sare ee walxaha, waana ay fududahay in lagu daro walxaha deggan, isku mid ah iyo kuwa yaryar ee walxaha lagu qaso dusha sare ee walaaqaya inta lagu jiro hawsha. "Waxtarka kubbadda" wuxuu hagaajiyaa waxqabadka dhismaha ee walxaha, wuxuu yareeyaa qoyaanka walxaha lagu shubo wuxuuna yareeyaa kulaylka hoorka. Tijaabooyinku waxay muujiyeen in marka xaddiga isku darka ee HEMC iyo HPMC uu yahay 0.5%, maaddada gaaska ee walxaha lagu shubo ay tahay tan ugu weyn, qiyaastii 55%; marka xaddiga isku darka uu ka badan yahay 0.5%, maaddada walxaha lagu shubo waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotaa isbeddel ku jira gaaska marka qaddarku sii kordho.
(3) Ha is beddelin.
Shamacu wuu milmi karaa, saliidayn karaa oo ku walaaqi karaa hoobiyaha, wuxuuna sahli karaa simida lakabka khafiifka ah ee hoobiyaha iyo budada la dhejiyo. Looma baahna in hore loo qooyo. Ka dib dhismaha, walxaha sibidhka ah waxay sidoo kale yeelan karaan muddo dheer oo biyo-celin joogto ah xeebta si loo hagaajiyo isku-xidhka u dhexeeya hoobiyaha iyo substrate-ka.
Saamaynta wax ka beddelka ee ether-ka cellulose ee agabka ku salaysan sibidhka cusub waxaa ugu horreyn ka mid ah dhumucda, haynta biyaha, gelitaanka hawada iyo dib-u-dhaca. Iyada oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo ether-ka cellulose ee agabka ku salaysan sibidhka, isdhexgalka u dhexeeya ether-ka cellulose iyo slurry-ka sibidhka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqonaya meel cilmi-baaris ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-16-2021