Ufa wa polima wosanganizika ndi zomatira zina zosapangidwa (monga simenti, laimu wosweka, gypsum, dongo, ndi zina zotero) ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zodzaza ndi zina zowonjezera [monga hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polysaccharide (starch ether), fiber Fiber, ndi zina zotero] zimasakanizidwa kuti zipange matope osakanikirana ndi madzi. Madzi oundana akawonjezeredwa kumadzi ndikusunthidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoteteza ya hydrophilic colloid ndi makina, tinthu ta ufa wa latex timatha kufalikira mwachangu m'madzi, zomwe zimakwanira kuti ufa wa latex wosanganizika upange filimu yonse. Kapangidwe ka ufa wa rabara ndi kosiyana, komwe kumakhudza rheology ya matope ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomangira: kuyanjana kwa ufa wa latex ndi madzi akasanganizidwanso, kukhuthala kosiyana kwa ufa wa latex pambuyo pogawa, momwe mpweya ulili mu matope ndi kufalikira kwa thovu. Kuyanjana pakati pa ufa wa rabala ndi zina zowonjezera kumapangitsa kuti ufa wosiyanasiyana wa latex ukhale ndi ntchito yowonjezera madzi, kuwonjezera thixotropy, ndi kuwonjezera kukhuthala.
Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti njira yomwe ufa wa latex wosungunuka umathandizira kuti matope atsopano agwire ntchito bwino ndi yakuti ufa wa latex, makamaka colloid yoteteza, umagwirizana ndi madzi akamamwazidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera kukhuthala kwa matope ndikuwonjezera mgwirizano wa matope omangira.
Pambuyo poti matope atsopano okhala ndi ufa wa latex apangidwa, ndi kuyamwa kwa madzi ndi pamwamba pake, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, ndi kusinthasintha kwa mpweya, madzi amachepa pang'onopang'ono, tinthu ta resin timayandikira pang'onopang'ono, mawonekedwe ake amasokonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo resin imalumikizana pang'onopang'ono. Pomaliza pake imapangidwa kukhala filimu. Njira yopangira filimu ya polymer imagawidwa m'magawo atatu. Mu gawo loyamba, tinthu ta polymer timayenda momasuka mu mawonekedwe a Brownian motion mu emulsion yoyamba. Pamene madzi akuphwa, kuyenda kwa tinthuti kumakhala kocheperako mwachibadwa, ndipo kupsinjika pakati pa madzi ndi mpweya kumapangitsa kuti zigwirizane pang'onopang'ono. Mu gawo lachiwiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayamba kukhudzana, madzi omwe ali mu netiweki amaphwa kudzera mu capillary, ndipo kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa capillary komwe kumayikidwa pamwamba pa tinthuti kumapangitsa kuti mafunde a latex asinthe kuti aziphatikize pamodzi, ndipo madzi otsalawo amadzaza ma pores, ndipo filimuyo imapangidwa mozungulira. Gawo lachitatu komanso lomaliza limalola kufalikira (nthawi zina kumatchedwa kudziphatika) kwa mamolekyu a polymer kuti apange filimu yopitilira. Pakapangidwa filimu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta latex tomwe timayenda tokha timalumikizana kukhala gawo latsopano la filimu yopyapyala yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yogwira. Mwachionekere, kuti ufa wa polima womwazika uzitha kupanga filimu mu matope owumitsidwanso, kutentha kochepa kopanga filimu (MFT) kuyenera kutsimikizika kuti kuli kotsika kuposa kutentha kowumitsira kwa matope.
Ma Colloids - mowa wa polyvinyl uyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi dongosolo la polymer membrane. Izi sizili vuto mu dongosolo la matope a simenti ya alkaline, chifukwa mowa wa polyvinyl udzasinthidwa ndi alkali yopangidwa ndi madzi a simenti, ndipo kuyamwa kwa zinthu za quartz kudzalekanitsa pang'onopang'ono mowa wa polyvinyl ndi dongosolo, popanda colloid yoteteza ya hydrophilic. , Filimu yopangidwa pobalalitsa ufa wa latex wosungunuka, womwe susungunuka m'madzi, sungagwire ntchito m'malo ouma okha, komanso m'malo omizidwa m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Zachidziwikire, m'makina osakhala a alkaline, monga gypsum kapena makina okhala ndi zodzaza zokha, popeza mowa wa polyvinyl ulipobe pang'ono mu filimu yomaliza ya polymer, yomwe imakhudza kukana kwa madzi kwa filimuyo, pamene machitidwe awa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pomizidwa m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo polima ikadali ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera amakina, ufa wa polymer wosungunuka ukhoza kugwiritsidwabe ntchito m'makina awa.
Pomaliza kupanga filimu ya polima, dongosolo lopangidwa ndi zomangira zopanda organic ndi zachilengedwe limapangidwa mu matope oyeretsedwa, kutanthauza kuti, mafupa olimba komanso ofooka opangidwa ndi zinthu za hydraulic, ndipo ufa wa polima wotha kusungunukanso umapangidwa mu netiweki yosinthasintha komanso pamwamba pa nthaka. Mphamvu yokoka ndi mgwirizano wa filimu ya polymer resin yopangidwa ndi ufa wa latex zimakulitsidwa. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa polima, mphamvu yosinthika imakhala yayikulu kwambiri kuposa kapangidwe kolimba ka mwala wa simenti, magwiridwe antchito a matope amasinthidwa, ndipo zotsatira za kupsinjika kwa kufalikira zimawonjezeka kwambiri, motero zimakweza kukana kwa ming'alu ya matope.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ufa wa polima wosungunuka, dongosolo lonselo likukula kukhala pulasitiki. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex, gawo la polima mu matope oyeretsedwa limapitirira pang'onopang'ono gawo la zinthu zopanda organic hydration, matopewo amasinthidwa ndikukhala elastomer, ndipo hydration ya simenti idzakhala "yodzaza". Mphamvu yokoka, kusinthasintha, kusinthasintha ndi kutseka kwa matope omwe asinthidwa ndi ufa wa polima wosanganizika zinawongoleredwa. Kuphatikizidwa kwa ufa wa polima wosanganizika kumalola filimu ya polima (filimu ya latex) kupanga ndikupanga gawo la makoma a pores, motero kutseka kapangidwe ka matope omwe ali ndi matope ambiri. Nembanemba ya latex ili ndi njira yodzitambasulira yokha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokhazikika ndi matope. Kudzera mu mphamvu zamkati izi, matopewo amagwiridwa onse, motero amawonjezera mphamvu yogwirizana ya matopewo. Kupezeka kwa ma polima osinthasintha komanso otanuka kwambiri kumawongolera kusinthasintha ndi kulimba kwa matopewo. Njira yowonjezera kupsinjika kwa zipatso ndi mphamvu yolephera ndi iyi: mphamvu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, mikwingwirima yaing'ono imachedwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kusinthasintha ndi kulimba, ndipo simapangidwa mpaka kupsinjika kwakukulu kufikire. Kuphatikiza apo, madera a polima olumikizidwa amalepheretsanso kuphatikizika kwa Ziphuphu zazing'ono zimapangika m'ming'alu. Chifukwa chake, ufa wa polima womwazika umawonjezera kupsinjika kwa kulephera ndi kupsinjika kwa zinthuzo.
Filimu ya polima yomwe ili mu matope osinthidwa ndi polima ili ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kuuma kwa matope. Ufa wa polima wosungunuka womwe umagawidwa pa malo olumikizira umagwira ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri utafalikira ndikupanga filimu, yomwe ndi kuwonjezera kumatirira ku zinthu zomwe zikukhudzana. Mu kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka malo olumikizirana pakati pa matope ogwirizanitsa matailosi a polima osinthidwa ndi matailosi a ceramic, filimu yopangidwa ndi polima imapanga mlatho pakati pa matailosi a ceramic okhala ndi madzi ochepa kwambiri komanso simenti yothira madzi. Malo olumikizirana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zosiyana ndi malo apadera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu pomwe ming'alu yothira imapangika ndikupangitsa kuti itayike. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwa mafilimu a latex kuchiritsa ming'alu yothira kumachita gawo lofunikira pa zomatira za matailosi.
Nthawi yomweyo, ufa wa polima wosungunuka womwe uli ndi ethylene umalumikizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka zinthu zofanana, monga polyvinyl chloride ndi polystyrene. Chitsanzo chabwino cha
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-31-2022