Ifu ya polymer ishobora gutatanywa n'izindi kole zidakora (nk'isima, lime ya slaked, gypsum, ibumba, nibindi) hamwe n'ibindi bintu bitandukanye, ibintu byuzuza n'ibindi bintu [nk'imashini ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polysaccharide (starch ether), fibre Fiber, nibindi] bivangwa neza kugira ngo bikore sima yumye. Iyo sima yumye yongewe mu mazi ikavunga, hakoreshejwe imbaraga zo gukata no gukata, uduce tw'ifu ya latex dushobora gutatanywa vuba mu mazi, ibi bikaba bihagije kugira ngo ifu ya latex ishobora gutatanywa ikoreshwe neza. Imiterere y'ifu ya rubber iratandukanye, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'isima n'imiterere itandukanye y'ubwubatsi: uburyo ifu ya latex ifatana n'amazi iyo yongeye gutatanywa, ubukana butandukanye bw'ifu ya latex nyuma yo gutatanywa, ingaruka ku mwuka w'isima n'ikwirakwizwa ry'udupira. Imikoranire hagati y'ifu ya rubber n'ibindi bintu bituma ifu zitandukanye za latex zigira inshingano zo kongera ubukana, kongera thixotropy, no kongera ubukana.
Muri rusange abantu bemera ko uburyo ifu ya latex ishobora gukurwamo butuma ikora neza ni uko ifu ya latex, cyane cyane iy’uburinzi, igira uruhare mu gutuma amazi akwirakwira, ibyo bikaba byongera ubukana bw’urusenda kandi bikanoza uburyo urusenda rukoreshwa mu kubaka rukora neza.
Nyuma y’uko mortila nshya irimo ifu ya latex ikwirakwira, hamwe no kwinjiza amazi ku buso bw’ibanze, gukoresha uburyo bwo guhumeka, no guhinduka kw’ikirere, amazi agenda agabanuka buhoro buhoro, uduce twa resin twegera buhoro buhoro, aho duhurira buhoro buhoro, maze resin igenda yivanga buhoro buhoro. Amaherezo ihinduka firime. Inzira yo gukora firime ya polimeri igabanyijemo ibice bitatu. Mu cyiciro cya mbere, uduce twa polimeri tugenda mu buryo bw’uburyo bwa Brownian motion muri emulsion ya mbere. Uko amazi agenda ashonga, kugenda kw’uduce kuragabanuka mu buryo busanzwe, kandi imbaraga hagati y’amazi n’umwuka zituma bigenda buhoro buhoro. Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, iyo uduce dutangiye gukorana, amazi ari mu muyoboro arashonga binyuze mu miyoboro, kandi imbaraga nyinshi za capillary zishyirwa ku buso bw’uduce zituma imiterere ya latex ihinduka kugira ngo ihuze, maze amazi asigaye yuzura imyenge, maze firime irakomera. Icyiciro cya gatatu ari cyo cya nyuma gituma molekile za polimeri zikwirakwira (rimwe na rimwe zitwa kwifata) kugira ngo zikore firime ihoraho koko. Mu gihe cyo gukora firime, uduce twa latex twimukanwa twishyira hamwe mu cyiciro gishya cya firime ntoya hamwe n’imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura. Birumvikana ko kugira ngo ifu ya polimeri ikwirakwira ibashe gukora firime muri mortier yongeye gukomera, ubushyuhe buke bwo gukora firime (MFT) bugomba kwemezwa ko buri hasi ugereranyije n’ubushyuhe bwo gukaraba bw’mortier.
Colloids – alukolo ya polyvinyl igomba gutandukanywa na sisitemu ya polymer. Iki si ikibazo muri sisitemu ya sima ya alkaline, kuko alukolo ya polyvinyl izahinduka saponized na alkali ikomoka ku mazi ya sima, kandi kwinjizwa kw'ibikoresho bya quartz bizatandukanya buhoro buhoro alukolo ya polyvinyl na sisitemu, nta colloid irinda amazi. , Filimi ikorwa no gutatanya ifu ya latex ishobora gusubirwamo, idashongeshwa mu mazi, ntishobora gukora gusa mu bihe byumutse, ahubwo no mu bihe by'igihe kirekire byo kwinjizwa mu mazi. Birumvikana ko muri sisitemu zitari alkali, nka gypsum cyangwa sisitemu zifite gusa utwuma, kubera ko alukolo ya polyvinyl ikiriho igice muri filimi ya nyuma ya polymer, bigira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bw'amazi bwa filimi, iyo izi sisitemu zidakoreshwa mu kwinjizwa mu mazi igihe kirekire, kandi polymer igifite imiterere yayo idasanzwe ya mekanike, ifu ya polymer ishobora gusubirwamo irashobora gukoreshwa muri izi sisitemu.
Mu gihe firime ya polimeri irangiye, sisitemu igizwe n'ibifunga bidafite umwimerere n'ibikomoka ku bimera ikorwa muri mortilage yavuwe, ni ukuvuga icyuma cyoroshye kandi gikomeye kigizwe n'ibikoresho bya hydraulic, kandi ifu ya polimeri ishobora gukurwamo ikorwa mu cyuho no ku buso bukomeye. Ingufu zo gukurura no guhuza firime ya polimeri yakozwe n'ifu ya latex birarushaho kwiyongera. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwa polimeri bwo guhinduka, ubushobozi bwo guhinduka buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'imiterere ikomeye y'ibuye rya sima, imikorere yo guhinduka kwa mortilage irarushaho kuba myiza, kandi ingaruka zo gutatanya zirarushaho kwiyongera, bityo bikanongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imivuniko ya mortilage.
Uko ifu ya polymer ikwirakwira igenda yiyongera, sisitemu yose itera imbere igana kuri pulasitiki. Mu gihe ifu ya latex irimo ingano nyinshi, igice cya polymer muri mortar yavuwe kirenga buhoro buhoro igice cy’umusaruro w’amazi atari umwimerere, mortar izahinduka mu buryo bw’ubuziranenge ikaba elastomer, kandi umusaruro w’amazi wa sima uzaba "uzuza". Imbaraga zo gukurura, uburimbane, ubworoherane n’imiterere yo gufunga mortar yahinduwe n’ifu ya polymer ikwirakwira byaranogejwe. Gushyiramo ifu ya polymer ikwirakwira bituma firime ya polymer (firime ya latex) ikora kandi igakora igice cy’inkuta z’imyobo, bityo igafunga imiterere y’imyobo myinshi ya mortar. Ururenda rwa latex rufite uburyo bwo kwiyambura bushyira imbaraga ku gice cyarwo n’ururenda. Binyuze muri izi mbaraga z’imbere, mortar ifatwa yose, bityo yongera imbaraga z’ururenda. Kuba hariho polimeri ziramba cyane kandi ziramba cyane byongera ubworoherane n’uburimbane bwa mortar. Uburyo bwo kongera umuvuduko w’umusaruro n’imbaraga zo gutsindwa ni ubu bukurikira: iyo imbaraga zikoreshejwe, uduce duto dutinda bitewe no kwiyongera k’uburimbane n’uburimbane, kandi ntitwikora kugeza igihe imivuduko myinshi igeze. Byongeye kandi, uturere twa polimeri dufatanye natwo tubangamira guhuzwa kwa uduce duto tw’ibumba tujya mu tundi duce. Bityo, ifu ya polymer ishobora gutatanywa yongera uburemere bw’intege nke z’ibikoresho ndetse n’intege nke z’ibumba.
Filimi ya polimeri iri muri morti yahinduwe na polimeri ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku gukomera kwa morti. Ifu ya polimeri ishobora gukurwamo ikwirakwizwa ku gice cy’urukuta igira ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi nyuma yo gukwirakwira no guhindurwamo firimi, aribyo kongera gufatana ku bikoresho bihuye. Mu miterere y’agace k’urukuta hagati ya morti ya polimeri yahinduwe na polimeri n’urukuta rwa ceramic, firimi yakozwe na polimeri ikora ikiraro hagati ya tile ya ceramic ifite amazi make cyane hamwe na sima. Agace k’urukuta hagati y’ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye ni agace kadasanzwe gashobora gutera ibyago byinshi aho icyuho cyo gucika kigakora kandi kigatuma itakaza gufatana. Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwa filime za latex bwo gukiza icyuho cyo gucika bugira uruhare runini mu gufunga amatafari.
Muri icyo gihe, ifu ya polymer ishobora gusubirwamo irimo ethylene ifite isano igaragara cyane n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera, cyane cyane ibikoresho bisa, nka polyvinyl chloride na polystyrene. Urugero rwiza rwa
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Ukwakira 2022