Ana haɗa foda polymer mai warwatse da sauran manne marasa tsari (kamar siminti, lemun tsami mai laushi, gypsum, yumbu, da sauransu) da kuma wasu abubuwa daban-daban, abubuwan cikawa da sauran ƙari [kamar hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polysaccharide (sitaci ether), fiber fiber, da sauransu] a jiki don yin turmi mai gauraye busasshe. Lokacin da aka ƙara turmi mai busasshe a cikin ruwa aka juya shi, a ƙarƙashin aikin hydrophilic protective colloid da mechanical shearing force, ana iya warwatse barbashin latex cikin ruwa da sauri, wanda ya isa ya sa foda latex mai warwatse ya zama cikakken fim. Abun da ke cikin foda roba ya bambanta, wanda ke da tasiri akan rheology na turmi da kaddarorin gini daban-daban: kusancin foda latex ga ruwa lokacin da aka sake raba shi, bambancin danko na foda latex bayan warwatsewa, tasirin akan iskar turmi da rarraba kumfa, Hulɗar tsakanin foda roba da sauran ƙari yana sa foda latex daban-daban suna da ayyukan ƙara ruwa, ƙara thixotropy, da ƙara danko.
Gabaɗaya ana kyautata zaton cewa hanyar da foda mai latex mai sake wargazawa ke inganta aikin turmi sabo shine cewa foda mai latex, musamman colloid mai kariya, yana da alaƙa da ruwa lokacin da aka wargaza shi, wanda ke ƙara danko na slurry kuma yana inganta haɗin turmi na gini.
Bayan an samar da sabon turmi da ke ɗauke da warwatsewar foda na latex, tare da shan ruwa ta saman tushe, shan ruwan da ke cikinsa, da kuma canjin yanayin iska zuwa iska, ruwan yana raguwa a hankali, ƙwayoyin resin suna kusantowa a hankali, haɗin yana duhu a hankali, kuma resin yana haɗuwa da juna a hankali. A ƙarshe an mayar da shi fim. Tsarin samar da fim ɗin polymer ya kasu kashi uku. A mataki na farko, ƙwayoyin polymer suna motsawa cikin 'yanci a cikin nau'in motsi na Brownian a cikin emulsion na farko. Yayin da ruwan ke ƙafewa, motsin ƙwayoyin yana ƙaruwa da sauƙi, kuma tashin hankalin da ke tsakanin ruwa da iska yana sa su daidaita a hankali. A mataki na biyu, lokacin da ƙwayoyin suka fara hulɗa da juna, ruwan da ke cikin hanyar sadarwa yana ƙafewa ta cikin capillary, kuma babban matsin lamba na capillary da aka shafa a saman ƙwayoyin yana sa lalacewar latex ta sa su haɗu tare, kuma sauran ruwan yana cika ramuka, kuma fim ɗin yana da kusan tsari. Mataki na uku kuma na ƙarshe yana ba da damar yaduwar ƙwayoyin polymer (wani lokacin ana kiransa manne kai) don samar da fim mai ci gaba. A lokacin ƙirƙirar fim, ƙwayoyin latex masu motsi da aka ware suna haɗuwa zuwa wani sabon matakin fim mai siriri tare da matsin lamba mai yawa. Babu shakka, domin foda polymer mai narkewa ya sami damar samar da fim a cikin turmi da aka sake taurare, dole ne a tabbatar da cewa mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na samar da fim (MFT) ya kasance ƙasa da zafin jiki mai warkewa na turmi.
Dole ne a raba Colloids - barasar polyvinyl daga tsarin membrane na polymer. Wannan ba matsala ba ce a tsarin turmi na simintin alkaline, saboda barasar polyvinyl za ta kasance mai saponized ta hanyar alkali da aka samar da shi ta hanyar ruwan siminti, kuma shaƙar kayan quartz zai raba barasar polyvinyl a hankali daga tsarin, ba tare da colloid mai kariya daga hydrophilic ba. , Fim ɗin da aka samar ta hanyar watsa foda mai narkewa, wanda ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, ba wai kawai zai iya aiki a cikin yanayi busasshe ba, har ma a cikin yanayi na nutsewa cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Tabbas, a cikin tsarin da ba na alkaline ba, kamar gypsum ko tsarin da ke da cikawa kawai, tunda barasar polyvinyl har yanzu tana wanzuwa a cikin fim ɗin polymer na ƙarshe, wanda ke shafar juriyar ruwa na fim ɗin, lokacin da ba a amfani da waɗannan tsarin don nutsewa cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci ba, kuma polymer har yanzu yana da halayensa na injiniya, ana iya amfani da foda polymer mai narkewa a cikin waɗannan tsarin.
Tare da samuwar fim ɗin polymer na ƙarshe, tsarin da ya ƙunshi abubuwan ɗaure marasa tsari da na halitta ana samar da shi a cikin turmi da aka warke, wato, kwarangwal mai ƙarfi da tauri wanda aka haɗa da kayan hydraulic, kuma foda polymer mai sake wargajewa ana samar da shi a cikin rata da saman mai ƙarfi. hanyar sadarwa mai sassauƙa. Ƙarfin juriya da haɗin kai na fim ɗin resin polymer da foda latex ya samar suna ƙaruwa. Saboda sassaucin polymer, ƙarfin nakasa ya fi tsarin tauri na dutsen siminti, aikin nakasa na turmi yana inganta, kuma tasirin wargaza damuwa yana inganta sosai, ta haka yana inganta juriyar tsagewa na turmi.
Tare da ƙaruwar abun ciki na foda polymer mai narkewa, tsarin gaba ɗaya yana haɓaka zuwa filastik. Idan akwai yawan sinadarin foda na latex, matakin polymer a cikin turmi da aka warke a hankali ya wuce matakin samfurin ruwa mara tsari, turmi zai fuskanci canje-canje masu inganci kuma ya zama elastomer, kuma samfurin ruwa na siminti zai zama "mai cikawa". An inganta ƙarfin turmi, sassauci, sassauci da halayen rufewa na turmi da aka gyara tare da foda na polymer mai warwatse. Haɗa foda na polymer mai warwatse yana ba da damar fim ɗin polymer (fim ɗin latex) ya samar da kuma samar da wani ɓangare na bangon rami, ta haka ne ya rufe tsarin turmi mai ramuka mai zurfi. Matattarar latex tana da hanyar shimfiɗa kanta wanda ke amfani da tashin hankali ga wurin da aka sanya shi tare da turmi. Ta hanyar waɗannan ƙarfin ciki, ana riƙe turmi gaba ɗaya, ta haka ne ke ƙara ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi. Kasancewar polymers masu sassauƙa da ƙarfi suna inganta sassauci da sassauci na turmi. Tsarin da ke haifar da ƙaruwar damuwa da ƙarfin gazawa shine kamar haka: lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfi, ƙananan fasa suna jinkiri saboda haɓaka sassauci da sassauci, kuma ba sa samuwa har sai an kai ga matsin lamba mafi girma. Bugu da ƙari, yankunan polymer da aka haɗa kuma suna hana haɗakar ƙananan fasa cikin Saboda haka, foda mai warwatsewa yana ƙara matsin lamba na gazawar kayan.
Fim ɗin polymer da ke cikin turmi da aka gyara da polymer yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan taurarewar turmi. Foda polymer da aka sake wargazawa da aka rarraba akan mahaɗin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa bayan an wargaza shi kuma ya zama fim, wanda shine ƙara mannewa ga kayan da ke hulɗa. A cikin ƙaramin tsarin yankin mahaɗin tsakanin turmi da aka haɗa da yumbu da polymer da tayal ɗin yumbu, fim ɗin da polymer ya samar yana samar da gada tsakanin tayal ɗin yumbu mai haske tare da ƙarancin shan ruwa da matrix na siminti. Yankin hulɗa tsakanin kayan biyu daban-daban yanki ne na musamman mai haɗari inda fashewar raguwa ke tasowa kuma yana haifar da asarar mannewa. Saboda haka, ikon fina-finan latex don warkar da fashewar raguwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manne tayal.
A lokaci guda, foda mai narkewa wanda ke ɗauke da ethylene yana da mannewa mafi girma ga abubuwan halitta, musamman kayan da suka yi kama da juna, kamar polyvinyl chloride da polystyrene. Kyakkyawan misali na
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-31-2022