Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ezimbiliama-ether e-celluloseKunikezwe kuZithombe 1.1 no-1.2. Igilebhisi ngalinye eliphelelwe amanzi yi-β-D le-molecule ye-cellulose
Iyunithi kashukela (iyunithi ephindaphindayo ye-cellulose) ithathelwa indawo yiqembu elilodwa le-ether ngalinye ezikhundleni ze-C(2), C(3) kanye ne-C(6), okungukuthi kuze kube kathathu
iqembu le-ether. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqembu e-hydroxyl, ama-macromolecule e-cellulose anezibopho ze-hydrogen zangaphakathi kwama-molecule kanye naphakathi kwama-molecule, okunzima ukuzincibilikisa emanzini.
Futhi kunzima ukuncibilika cishe kuzo zonke izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokufakelwa kwe-cellulose, amaqembu e-ether afakwa kuchungechunge lwama-molecule,
Ngale ndlela, izibopho ze-hydrogen ngaphakathi naphakathi kwama-molecule e-cellulose ziyabhujiswa, futhi ukuthambekela kwayo kokusebenzisa amanzi kuyathuthukiswa, ukuze ukuncibilika kwayo kuthuthukiswe.
kuthuthukiswe kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, iSithombe 1.1 yisakhiwo esijwayelekile samayunithi amabili e-anhydroglucose e-cellulose ether molecular chain, i-R1-R6=H
noma izinto ezithatha indawo yezinto eziphilayo. 1.2 iyisiqeshana se-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose molecular chain, izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni se-carboxymethyl lingu-0.5,4
Izinga lokufaka esikhundleni se-hydroxyethyl lingu-2.0, kanti izinga lokufaka esikhundleni se-molar lingu-3.0.
Kumuntu ngamunye othatha indawo ye-cellulose, inani eliphelele le-etherification yayo lingachazwa njengezinga lokushintshaniswa (DS). elenziwe ngemicu
Kungabonakala esakhiweni se-prime molecule ukuthi izinga lokushintshana lisukela ku-0-3. Okusho ukuthi, indandatho ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose yeyunithi ye-cellulose
, inani elimaphakathi lamaqembu e-hydroxyl athathelwe indawo amaqembu e-etherifying ejenti e-etherifying. Ngenxa yeqembu le-hydroxyalkyl le-cellulose, i-substitutional yayo
Ukufakelwa kwe-ether kufanele kuqalwe kabusha eqenjini elisha le-hydroxyl yamahhala. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni kwalolu hlobo lwe-cellulose ether lingabonakaliswa kuma-moles.
izinga lokushintshana (MS). Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushintshana kwe-molar kubonisa inani le-etherifying agent engezwe kuyunithi ngayinye ye-anhydroglucose ye-cellulose
Isisindo esimaphakathi sama-reactants.
1 Isakhiwo esijwayelekile seyunithi ye-glucose
Izingcezu ezimbili zamaketanga e-cellulose ether molecular
1.2.2 Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-ether e-cellulose
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-ether e-cellulose angama-ether angawodwa noma ama-ether axubile, izakhiwo zawo zihlukile kancane.
Uma iqembu le-hydroxyl lendandatho yeyunithi lithathelwa indawo yiqembu elithanda amanzi, umkhiqizo ungaba nezinga eliphansi lokushintsha ngaphansi kwesimo sezinga eliphansi lokushintsha.
Inokuncibilika okuthile emanzini; uma ithathelwa indawo yiqembu elingathandi amanzi, umkhiqizo unezinga elithile lokushintsha kuphela uma izinga lokushintsha liphakathi.
Imikhiqizo ye-cellulose etherification encibilikayo emanzini, engashintshwa kakhulu ingavuvukala emanzini kuphela, noma incibilike ezixazululweni ze-alkali ezingagxilile kakhulu
phakathi.
Ngokwezinhlobo zezinto ezithatha indawo, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: amaqembu e-alkyl, njenge-methyl cellulose, i-ethyl cellulose;
Ama-hydroxyalkyls, njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropyl cellulose; amanye, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose, njll. Uma i-ionization
Ukuhlukaniswa, ama-ether e-cellulose angahlukaniswa abe yi: ionic, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose; okungeyona ionic, njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose; okuxubile
uhlobo, njenge-hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Ngokusho kokuhlukaniswa kokuncibilika, i-cellulose ingahlukaniswa ibe: encibilika emanzini, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose,
I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose; engancibiliki emanzini, njenge-methyl cellulose, njll.
1.2.3 Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-cellulose ethers
I-Cellulose ether uhlobo lomkhiqizo ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose etherification, futhi i-cellulose ether inezakhiwo eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Inezakhiwo ezinhle zokwakha ifilimu; njenge-paste yokunyathelisa, inokuncibilika kwamanzi okuhle, izakhiwo zokujiya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokuqina;
5
I-ether engenalutho ayinaphunga, ayinabo ubuthi, futhi ihambisana kahle ne-biochemical. Phakathi kwazo, i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ine-"industrial monosodium glutamate"
isiteketiso.
1.2.3.1 Ukwakheka kwefilimu
Izinga lokushintshashintsha kwe-cellulose ether linethonya elikhulu ezimpahleni zayo zokwakha ifilimu njengekhono lokwenza ifilimu kanye namandla okubopha.
Ngenxa yamandla ayo amahle okusebenza kanye nokuhambisana kahle nama-resin ahlukahlukene, ingasetshenziswa kumafilimu epulasitiki, izinamathiselo nezinye izinto.
ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
1.2.3.2 Ukuncibilika
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqembu amaningi e-hydroxyl eringini yeyunithi ye-glucose equkethe umoya-mpilo, ama-cellulose ethers anokuncibilika kwamanzi okungcono.
Kuye ngokuthi i-cellulose ether substituent kanye nezinga lokushintshaniswa, kukhona nokukhetha okuhlukile kwezinyibilikisi eziphilayo.
1.2.3.3 Ukujiya
I-cellulose ether incibilikiswa kwisisombululo samanzi ngesimo se-colloid, lapho izinga le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether linquma i-cellulose
Ukuqina kwesisombululo se-ether. Ngokungafani noketshezi lwe-Newtonian, ukuqina kwezixazululo ze-ether ze-cellulose kuyashintsha ngamandla okushefa, futhi
Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo sama-macromolecule, i-viscosity yesisombululo izokhula ngokushesha ngokwanda kokuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-cellulose ether, noma kunjalo i-viscosity yesisombululo.
Ukuqina kwe-viscosity kwehla ngokushesha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka [33].
1.2.3.4 Ukuwohloka
Isixazululo se-cellulose ether esincibilikiswe emanzini isikhathi esithile sizokhulisa amabhaktheriya, ngaleyo ndlela sikhiqize amabhaktheriya e-enzyme futhi sibhubhise isigaba se-cellulose ether.
Ama-glucose unit angaphandle angashintshiwe ahlanganisa izibopho, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa isisindo sama-molecule esihlobene se-macromolecule. Ngakho-ke, ama-cellulose ethers
Ukulondolozwa kwezixazululo zamanzi kudinga ukwengezwa kwenani elithile lezinto zokugcina.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cellulose ether anezinye izakhiwo eziningi ezihlukile njengomsebenzi wobuso, umsebenzi we-ionic, ukuzinza kwe-foam kanye nokwengezwa.
isenzo sejeli. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa ezindwangu, ekwenzeni amaphepha, ezinsipho zokwenziwa, ezimonyweni, ekudleni, emithini,
Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi.
1.3 Isingeniso ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo
Kusukela ekubukeni kwe-1.2 cellulose ether, kungabonakala ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zokulungiselela i-cellulose ether ikakhulukazi i-cotton cellulose, futhi okunye okuqukethwe kulesi sihloko.
Kuwukusebenzisa i-cellulose ekhishwe ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo i-cellulose yekotini ukuze kulungiselelwe i-cellulose ether. Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane ngesitshalo
izinto ezibonakalayo.
Njengoba izinsiza ezivamile ezifana namafutha, amalahle kanye negesi yemvelo zincipha, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene esekelwe kuzo, njengemicu yokwenziwa kanye namafilimu e-fiber, nakho kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komphakathi kanye namazwe emhlabeni jikelele (ikakhulukazi
Yizwe elithuthukile) elinaka kakhulu inkinga yokungcoliswa kwemvelo. I-cellulose yemvelo inokubola kanye nokuhambisana kwemvelo.
Kancane kancane kuzoba umthombo oyinhloko wezinto zefayibha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-26-2022