Tsarin tsari na yau da kullun na biyuƙwayoyin cellulosean bayar da su a cikin Hotuna na 1.1 da 1.2. Kowace innabi mai bushewar β-D na kwayar cellulose
Ana maye gurbin rukunin sukari (raka'ar cellulose mai maimaitawa) da rukunin ether ɗaya kowanne a matsayin C(2), C(3) da C(6), watau har zuwa uku
rukunin ether. Saboda kasancewar ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl, ƙwayoyin cellulose macromolecules suna da haɗin hydrogen a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma intermolecular, waɗanda ke da wahalar narkewa a cikin ruwa.
Kuma yana da wuya a narke a kusan dukkan sinadaran sinadarai na halitta. Duk da haka, bayan an cire sinadarin cellulose, ana shigar da rukunin ether cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta,
Ta wannan hanyar, haɗin hydrogen a cikin da tsakanin ƙwayoyin cellulose yana lalacewa, kuma ana inganta haɓakarsa ta hanyar hydrophilicity, don haka za a iya inganta narkewarsa.
an inganta shi sosai. Daga cikinsu, Hoto na 1.1 shine tsarin gabaɗaya na raka'a biyu na anhydroglucose na sarkar ƙwayoyin cellulose ether, R1-R6=H
ko kuma abubuwan da ke cikin halitta. 1.2 wani ɓangare ne na sarkar ƙwayoyin carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl shine 0.5,4
Matsayin maye gurbin hydroxyethyl shine 2.0, kuma matakin maye gurbin molar shine 3.0.
Ga kowane madadin cellulose, jimlar adadin etherification ɗinsa za a iya bayyana shi azaman matakin maye gurbin (DS). An yi shi da zare.
Za a iya gani daga tsarin babban kwayar halitta cewa matakin maye gurbin ya kama daga 0-3. Wato, kowace zoben anhydroglucose na cellulose
, matsakaicin adadin ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙungiyoyin etherifying na wakilin etherifying. Saboda ƙungiyar hydroxyalkyl na cellulose, maye gurbinsa yana da yawa.
Ya kamata a sake kunna etherification daga sabon rukunin hydroxyl kyauta. Saboda haka, matakin maye gurbin wannan nau'in cellulose ether za a iya bayyana shi a cikin moles.
matakin maye gurbin (MS). Abin da ake kira matakin maye gurbin molar yana nuna adadin sinadarin etherifying da aka ƙara a kowace naúrar anhydroglucose na cellulose
Matsakaicin nauyin sinadaran.
1 Tsarin gabaɗaya na na'urar glucose
Guda 2 na sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin cellulose ether
1.2.2 Rarraba ƙwayoyin cellulose
Ko dai ƙwayoyin cellulose ethers ɗaya ne ko kuma gaurayen ethers, halayensu sun ɗan bambanta.
Idan an maye gurbin rukunin hydroxyl na zoben naúrar da rukunin hydrophilic, samfurin zai iya samun ƙaramin matakin maye gurbin a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙaramin matakin maye gurbin.
Yana da wani takamaiman narkewar ruwa; idan aka maye gurbinsa da ƙungiyar hydrophobic, samfurin yana da wani matakin maye gurbin ne kawai lokacin da matakin maye gurbin ya kasance matsakaici.
Kayayyakin da ke narkewa cikin ruwa, waɗanda ba a maye gurbinsu da cellulose etherification ba, za su iya kumbura ne kawai a cikin ruwa, ko kuma su narke a cikin ruwan da ba shi da isasshen sinadarin alkali.
tsakiya.
Dangane da nau'ikan abubuwan maye, ana iya raba ethers na cellulose zuwa rukuni uku: ƙungiyoyin alkyl, kamar methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;
Hydroxyalkyls, kamar hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; wasu, kamar carboxymethyl cellulose, da sauransu. Idan ionization
Rarrabawa, ana iya raba ethers na cellulose zuwa: ionic, kamar carboxymethyl cellulose; non-ionic, kamar hydroxyethyl cellulose; gauraye
nau'in, kamar hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Dangane da rarrabuwar narkewar abinci, ana iya raba cellulose zuwa: mai narkewar ruwa, kamar carboxymethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyethyl cellulose; wanda ba ya narkewa cikin ruwa, kamar methyl cellulose, da sauransu.
1.2.3 Halaye da aikace-aikacen ethers na cellulose
Cellulose ether wani nau'in samfur ne bayan gyaran cellulose etherification, kuma cellulose ether yana da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa.
Yana da kyawawan halaye na samar da fim; a matsayin manna na bugawa, yana da kyakkyawan narkewar ruwa, kauri, riƙe ruwa da kwanciyar hankali;
5
Ether mai laushi ba shi da wari, ba shi da guba, kuma yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da halittu. Daga cikinsu, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yana da "glutamate na masana'antu na monosodium"
sunan barkwanci.
1.2.3.1 Samar da fim
Matsayin etherification na cellulose ether yana da babban tasiri akan halayen samar da fim ɗinsa kamar ikon samar da fim da ƙarfin haɗuwa.
Saboda ƙarfin injina mai kyau da kuma dacewa da resins daban-daban, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin fina-finan filastik, manne da sauran kayan aiki.
shirye-shiryen kayan aiki.
1.2.3.2 Narkewa
Saboda kasancewar ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da yawa a cikin zoben naúrar glucose mai ɗauke da iskar oxygen, ƙwayoyin cellulose ethers suna da ingantaccen narkewar ruwa.
Dangane da maye gurbin cellulose ether da matakin maye gurbin, akwai kuma zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don abubuwan narkewar halitta.
1.2.3.3 Kauri
Ana narkar da cellulose ether a cikin ruwan magani a cikin nau'in colloid, inda matakin polymerization na cellulose ether ke ƙayyade cellulose.
Dankowar ruwan ether. Ba kamar ruwan Newtonian ba, dankowar ruwan cellulose ether yana canzawa da ƙarfin yankewa, kuma
Saboda wannan tsarin macromolecules, dankowar maganin zai karu da sauri tare da karuwar sinadarin cellulose ether, amma dankowar maganin
Danko kuma yana raguwa da sauri tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki [33].
1.2.3.4 Lalacewa
Maganin cellulose ether da aka narkar a cikin ruwa na tsawon lokaci zai haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, ta haka ne zai samar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da enzyme kuma ya lalata matakin cellulose ether.
Haɗin glucose ɗin da ba a maye gurbinsa ba da ke kusa, ta haka ne ke rage nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta na macromolecule. Saboda haka, cellulose ethers yana shiga cikin jini.
Ajiye ruwan da ke cikinsa yana buƙatar ƙara wani adadin abubuwan kiyayewa.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cellulose suna da wasu halaye na musamman kamar aikin saman, aikin ionic, kwanciyar hankali na kumfa da ƙari
Aikin gel. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana amfani da cellulose ethers a cikin yadi, yin takarda, sabulun wanka na roba, kayan kwalliya, abinci, magani,
Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni da dama.
1.3 Gabatarwa ga kayan amfanin gona
Daga taƙaitaccen bayani game da ether cellulose 1.2, za a iya ganin cewa kayan da ake amfani da su wajen shirya ether cellulose galibi suna da sinadarin auduga, kuma ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin wannan batu shine cellulose.
Ana amfani da cellulose da aka samo daga albarkatun ƙasa na shuka don maye gurbin auduga cellulose don shirya cellulose ether. Ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da shukar.
kayan aiki.
Yayin da albarkatun da aka saba amfani da su kamar mai, kwal da iskar gas ke raguwa, ci gaban kayayyaki daban-daban da aka gina bisa gare su, kamar zare na roba da fina-finan zare, shi ma zai ƙara zama abin da ke da iyaka. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban al'umma da ƙasashe a duniya (musamman ma a duk faɗin duniya)
Ƙasa ce mai ci gaba) wadda ke mai da hankali sosai kan matsalar gurɓatar muhalli. Cellulose na halitta yana da lalacewar halittu da kuma daidaita muhalli.
A hankali zai zama babban tushen kayan zare.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-26-2022