Qaab-dhismeedka caadiga ah ee labaether-yada cellulosewaxaa lagu bixiyay Jaantusyada 1.1 iyo 1.2. Canab kasta oo β-D-fuuq-baxay oo ka mid ah molecule-ka
Cutubka sonkorta (cutubka soo noqnoqda ee cellulose) waxaa lagu beddelayaa hal koox ether midkiiba booska C(2), C(3) iyo C(6), tusaale ahaan ilaa saddex
koox ether ah. Sababtoo ah joogitaanka kooxaha hydroxyl, macromolecules-ka cellulose waxay leeyihiin xiriiro hydrogen gudaha molecular iyo intermolecular ah, kuwaas oo ay adag tahay in lagu milmo biyaha.
Wayna adag tahay in lagu milmo ku dhawaad dhammaan dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib marka la nadiifiyo cellulose, kooxaha ether waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa silsiladda molecular-ka.
Sidan, isku xidhka haydarojiinta ee gudaha iyo inta u dhaxaysa molecules-ka cellulose-ka ayaa la burburiyaa, hydrophilicity-kiisuna sidoo kale waa la hagaajiyaa, si milmidiisa loo horumariyo.
si weyn ayaa loo hagaajiyay. Waxaa ka mid ah, Jaantuska 1.1 waa qaab-dhismeedka guud ee laba unug oo anhydroglucose ah oo silsiladda molecular-ka ee cellulose ether ah, R1-R6=H
ama walxo dabiici ah. 1.2 waa jajab silsiladda molecular-ka ee carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, heerka beddelka carboxymethyl waa 0.5,4
Heerka beddelka ee hydroxyethyl waa 2.0, heerka beddelka molar-kana waa 3.0.
Beddel kasta oo cellulose ah, wadarta guud ee etherification-keeda waxaa lagu muujin karaa heerka beddelka (DS). oo laga sameeyay fiilooyin.
Waxaa laga arki karaa qaab-dhismeedka molecule-ka ugu muhiimsan in heerka beddelku uu u dhexeeyo 0-3. Taasi waa, giraan kasta oo unug anhydroglucose ah oo cellulose ah.
, celceliska tirada kooxaha hydroxyl ee lagu beddelay kooxaha etherifying ee wakiilka etherifying. Sababtoo ah kooxda hydroxyalkyl ee cellulose, beddelka ay samaysay
Etherification-ka waa in dib loo bilaabo kooxda cusub ee hydroxyl ee bilaashka ah. Sidaa darteed, heerka beddelka noocan ah ee ether cellulose waxaa lagu muujin karaa moles-ka.
heerka beddelka (MS). Heerka beddelka molar-ka ee loo yaqaan 'molar degree' wuxuu tilmaamayaa xaddiga wakiilka etherifying ee lagu daray cutub kasta oo anhydroglucose ah oo cellulose ah.
Celceliska cufka falgalayaasha.
1 Qaab-dhismeedka guud ee cutubka gulukooska
2 Jajab oo silsilado molecular ah oo cellulose ether ah
1.2.2 Kala soocidda ether-yada cellulose-ka
Hadday tahay in ether-ka cellulose uu yahay ether keliya ama ether isku dhafan, sifooyinkoodu way kala duwan yihiin.
Haddii kooxda hydroxyl ee giraanta cutubka lagu beddelo koox hydrophilic ah, badeecadu waxay yeelan kartaa heer hoose oo beddel ah iyadoo lagu jiro xaalad heer hoose oo beddel ah.
Waxay leedahay milmi biyo gaar ah; haddii lagu beddelo koox hydrophobic ah, badeecadu waxay leedahay heer gaar ah oo beddel ah oo keliya marka heerka beddelku dhexdhexaad yahay.
Badeecadaha etherification-ka cellulose-ka ee biyaha ku milma, ee aan la beddelin waxay ku barari karaan oo keliya biyaha, ama waxay ku milmi karaan xalalka alkali ee aan xoogga lahayn.
dhexe.
Sida ku cad noocyada walxaha beddelka ah, ether-yada cellulose waxaa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood: kooxaha alkyl, sida methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;
Hydroxyalkyls, sida hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; kuwa kale, sida carboxymethyl cellulose, iwm. Haddii ionization-ku
Kala soocidda, ether-yada cellulose waxaa loo qaybin karaa: ionic, sida carboxymethyl cellulose; non-ionic, sida hydroxyethyl cellulose; isku dhafan
nooca, sida hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Sida ku xusan kala soocidda milanka, cellulose waxaa loo qaybin karaa: biyo-milmi kara, sida carboxymethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyethyl cellulose; aan biyo ku milmin, sida methyl cellulose, iwm.
1.2.3 Sifooyinka iyo codsiyada ether-yada cellulose
Cellulose ether waa nooc ka mid ah badeecada ka dib wax ka beddelka cellulose etherification, cellulose ether-na waxay leedahay sifooyin badan oo aad muhiim u ah.
Waxay leedahay sifooyin wanaagsan oo sameynta filimada; sida koolada daabacaadda, waxay leedahay milmi biyo oo wanaagsan, sifooyin dhumuc leh, haysashada biyaha iyo xasilloonida;
5
Ether-ka caadiga ah waa mid aan ur lahayn, aan sun ahayn, wuxuuna leeyahay iswaafajin wanaagsan oo bayooloji ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) wuxuu leeyahay "glutamate monosodium industrial"
naanays.
1.2.3.1 Samaynta Filimada
Heerka etherification-ka ee cellulose ether wuxuu saameyn weyn ku leeyahay sifooyinka sameynta filimada sida awoodda sameynta filimada iyo xoogga isku xirka.
Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay awooddeeda farsamo ee wanaagsan iyo iswaafajinta wanaagsan ee resins-ka kala duwan, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa filimada balaastikada ah, dhejisyada iyo agabyada kale.
diyaarinta agabka.
1.2.3.2 Milmida
Sababo la xiriira jiritaanka kooxo badan oo hydroxyl ah oo ku yaal giraanta cutubka gulukooska ee ku jira oksijiinta, cellulose ethers waxay leeyihiin milmi biyo oo wanaagsan.
Iyada oo ku xidhan beddelka ether-ka cellulose iyo heerka beddelka, waxaa sidoo kale jira xulasho kala duwan oo loogu talagalay dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah.
1.2.3.3 Qallafsanaanta
Cellulose ether waxaa lagu milmaa xal biyo ah qaab colloid ah, halkaas oo heerka polymerization ee cellulose ether uu go'aamiyo cellulose-ka.
Dheecaanka xalka ether. Si ka duwan dareerayaasha Newtonian, dhecaanka xalalka ether-ka cellulose wuxuu isbeddelaa marka uu xiirto, iyo
Qaab-dhismeedkan macromolecules-ka awgeed, dheellitirka xalka ayaa si dhakhso ah u kordhi doona marka uu kordho xaddiga adag ee cellulose ether, si kastaba ha ahaatee dheellitirka xalka
Viscosity-gu sidoo kale si dhakhso ah ayuu hoos ugu dhacaa marka heerkulku sii kordho [33].
1.2.3.4 Burbur
Xalka cellulose ether ee ku milma biyaha muddo ah ayaa kori doona bakteeriyada, taasoo soo saari doonta bakteeriyada ensaymka oo burburin doonta wejiga ether ee cellulose.
Unugyada gulukooska ee aan la beddelin ee ku xiga ayaa isku xidha, taasoo yaraynaysa cufka molecular ee qaraabada ah ee macromolecule-ka. Sidaa darteed, cellulose ethers
Ilaalinta xalalka biyaha waxay u baahan tahay in lagu daro xaddi cayiman oo ilaaliyayaal ah.
Intaa waxaa dheer, ether-yada cellulose waxay leeyihiin sifooyin kale oo badan oo gaar ah sida dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare, dhaqdhaqaaqa ionic, xasilloonida xumbo iyo wax lagu daro
Hawlgalka jelka. Sababo la xiriira sifooyinkan, ether-yada cellulose waxaa loo isticmaalaa dharka, sameynta waraaqaha, saabuunta macmalka ah, qurxinta, cuntada, daawada,
Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa meelo badan.
1.3 Hordhac ku saabsan walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta
Marka laga eego dulmar guud ee 1.2 cellulose ether, waxaa la arki karaa in walxaha ceeriin ee loogu talagalay diyaarinta cellulose ether ay inta badan tahay cellulose cudbi ah, waana mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku jira mowduucan.
Waa in la isticmaalo cellulose laga soo saaray walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta si loogu beddelo cellulose suuf ah si loo diyaariyo cellulose ether. Kuwa soo socdaa waa hordhac kooban oo ku saabsan warshadda.
agab.
Maadaama kheyraadka guud sida saliidda, dhuxusha iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah ay sii yaraanayaan, horumarinta alaabada kala duwan ee ku salaysan, sida fiilooyinka macmalka ah iyo filimada fiilooyinka, ayaa sidoo kale si isa soo taraysa u xaddidnaan doonta. Iyadoo horumarka joogtada ah ee bulshada iyo waddamada adduunka oo dhan (gaar ahaan) uu sii yaraanayo.
Waa waddan horumaray) oo si dhow u fiiro gaar ah u leh dhibaatada wasakhowga deegaanka. Cellulose-ka dabiiciga ah wuxuu leeyahay burburka noolaha iyo isku-dubaridka deegaanka.
Waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqon doontaa isha ugu weyn ee walxaha faybarka.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebteembar-26-2022