Imiterere isanzwe y'ibintu bibirieteri za selulosebigaragazwa mu Ishusho ya 1.1 na 1.2. Buri muzabibu wa β-D wakuwemo amazi mu mubiri wa cellulose
Igice cy'isukari (igice gisubiramo cya selulose) gisimbuzwa itsinda rimwe rya ether buri kimwe ku myanya ya C (2), C (3) na C (6), ni ukuvuga kugeza kuri bitatu
itsinda rya eteri. Kubera ko hari amatsinda ya hydroxyl, macromolecules za cellulose zifite imigozi ya hydrogen imbere mu ngirabuzimafatizo n'iy'ingirabuzimafatizo, bigoye kuyishongesha mu mazi.
Kandi biragoye gushonga mu bintu hafi ya byose biyungurura umubiri. Ariko, nyuma yo gushonga kwa selulose, amatsinda ya eteri yinjizwa mu muyoboro wa molekile,
Muri ubu buryo, imigozi ya hydrogen iri hagati ya molekile za selulose irangirika, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushonga burushaho kuba bwiza, bityo ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushonga bushobora kunozwa.
Yarushijeho kuba nziza cyane. Muri byo, Ishusho ya 1.1 ni imiterere rusange y'ibice bibiri bya anhydroglucose bya cellulose ether molekile chain, R1-R6 = H
cyangwa ibintu bisimbura organic. 1.2 ni igice cy'uruhererekane rw'imiyoboro ya carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, urwego rwo gusimbuza carboxymethyl ni 0.5,4
Igipimo cyo gusimbuza cya hydroxyethyl ni 2.0, naho igipimo cyo gusimbuza molar ni 3.0.
Kuri buri kintu cyasimbura selulose, ingano yose ya etherification yayo ishobora kugaragazwa nk'urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS). ikozwe mu migozi
Bigaragara mu miterere ya molekile y’ingenzi ko urwego rwo gusimbuza ruri hagati ya 0 na 3. Ni ukuvuga, buri mpande ya selulose ya anhydroglucose
, umubare mpuzandengo w'amatsinda ya hydroxyl wasimbuwe n'amatsinda ahindura ubushyuhe bw'ikintu gihindura ubushyuhe. Bitewe n'itsinda rya hydroxyalkyl rya selulose, isimbura ryayo
Etherification igomba kongera gutangira kuva mu itsinda rishya rya hydroxyl ryigenga. Kubwibyo, urwego rwo gusimbuza ubu bwoko bwa ether ya cellulose rushobora kugaragara mu mafi.
urwego rwo gusimbuza (MS). Icyo bita urwego rwo gusimbuza molar kigaragaza ingano y'ikintu gitanga ubushyuhe cyongewe kuri buri gice cya selulose cya anhydroglucose
Uburemere mpuzandengo bw'ibitera imbaraga.
1 Imiterere rusange y'igice cya glucose
Ibice 2 by'iminyururu ya molekile ya eteri ya selulose
1.2.2 Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya eteri za selulose
Ese eteri za selulosi zaba ari eteri imwe cyangwa eteri zivanze, imiterere yazo iratandukanye gato.
Iyo itsinda rya hydroxyl ry'impeta y'igice risimbuwe n'itsinda rikunda amazi, umusaruro ushobora kugira urwego rwo hasi rwo gusimbuza iyo habayeho urwego rwo hasi rwo gusimbuza.
Ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu mazi runaka; iyo isimbuwe n'itsinda ridafite ubwishingizi bw'amazi, umusaruro uba ufite uburyo runaka bwo gusimbuza gusa iyo urwego rwo gusimbuza ruri hagati.
Ibikoresho byo gushonga bya cellulose bishobora gushonga mu mazi, cyangwa bigashonga mu buryo budakomeye bwa alkali.
hagati.
Dukurikije ubwoko bw'ibintu bisimbura ibindi, eteri za selulose zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: amatsinda ya alkyl, nka methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;
Hydroxyalkyls, nka hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; izindi, nka carboxymethyl cellulose, n'izindi. Iyo ionization
Ishyirwa mu byiciro, eteri za selulosi zishobora kugabanywamo: ionic, nka selulosi ya karuboksimetili; idafite ionic, nka selulosi ya hydroxyethyl; ivanze
ubwoko, nka hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Dukurikije uburyo bwo gushonga, cellulose ishobora kugabanywamo: ishonga mu mazi, nka carboxymethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyethyl cellulose; idashonga mu mazi, nka methyl cellulose, n'ibindi.
1.2.3 Imiterere n'ikoreshwa rya ether za selulose
Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa nyuma yo guhindura etherification ya cellulose, kandi ether ya cellulose ifite imiterere myinshi y'ingenzi cyane.
Ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora firime; nk'umuti wo gucapa, ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza mu mazi, ubushobozi bwo gukomera, ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi no kugumana ubusugire;
5
Ether isanzwe nta mpumuro igira, ntabwo ari uburozi, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza ibintu. Muri zo, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ifite "monosodium glutamate" mu nganda.
izina ry'irihimbano.
1.2.3.1 Gukora filime
Urugero rwo gupima eteri ya selulosi rufite ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere yayo yo gukora filime nko gukora filime no gukomera kwayo.
Bitewe n'uko ifite imbaraga nziza mu byuma kandi ikaba ihuye neza n'amaresini atandukanye, ishobora gukoreshwa mu mafirime ya pulasitiki, kole n'ibindi bikoresho.
gutegura ibikoresho.
1.2.3.2 Gushonga
Bitewe n'uko hari amatsinda menshi ya hydroxyl ku ruziga rw'agace ka glucose karimo ogisijeni, eteri za selulose zifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza mu mazi.
Bitewe n'uburyo eteri ya cellulose ikoreshwa n'urwego rw'uburyo ikoreshwa, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo ibintu bikomoka ku binyabutabire.
1.2.3.3 Ubunini
Eteri ya selulosi ishongeshwa mu gisubizo cy'amazi mu buryo bwa colloid, aho urwego rwa polymerization ya eteri ya selulosi rugena selulosi
Ubushyuhe bw'umuti wa eteri. Bitandukanye n'amazi ya Newtonian, ubushyuhe bw'umuti wa eteri wa selulose buhinduka bitewe n'imbaraga zo gukata, kandi
Bitewe n'iyi miterere ya macromolecules, ubukana bw'umuti buziyongera vuba uko ingano ikomeye ya eteri ya selulose yiyongera, ariko ubukana bw'umuti buziyongera.
Ubushyuhe bugabanuka vuba cyane iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongera [33].
1.2.3.4 Kwangirika kw'isura
Umuti wa eteri ya selulosi ushongeshejwe mu mazi mu gihe runaka uzakura bagiteri, bityo zigakora bagiteri za enzyme kandi zigasenya igice cya eteri ya selulosi.
Imigozi ya glucose idasimbuwe iri hafi aho igabanya uburemere bwa molekile ya macromolecule. Kubera iyo mpamvu, eteri za cellulose
Kubungabunga amazi bisaba kongeramo ingano runaka y'ibintu bibungabunga.
Byongeye kandi, eteri za selulose zifite indi miterere myinshi idasanzwe nko gukora ku buso, gukora kwa iyoni, guhagarara kw'ifuro n'inyongeramusaruro
Igikorwa cya gel. Bitewe n'iyi miterere, eteri za cellulose zikoreshwa mu myenda, mu gukora impapuro, mu byuma bisukura, mu mavuta yo kwisiga, mu biribwa, mu miti,
Ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi.
1.3 Intangiriro ku bikoresho fatizo by'ibimera
Ukurikije incamake ya eteri ya selulosi ya 1.2, bigaragara ko ibikoresho fatizo byo gutegura eteri ya selulosi ahanini ari selulosi y'ipamba, kandi kimwe mu bikubiye muri iyi ngingo
Ni ugukoresha cellulose ivanywe mu bikoresho fatizo by'ibimera kugira ngo isimbuze cellulose y'ipamba kugira ngo itegure eteri ya cellulose. Ibi bikurikira ni incamake y'ibimera
ibikoresho.
Uko umutungo rusange nka peteroli, amakara na gaze karemano ugenda ugabanuka, iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bishingiye kuri byo, nk'imigozi ikoze mu nganda na fibre, nabyo bizarushaho kugabanuka. Uko iterambere rikomeje rya sosiyete n'ibihugu hirya no hino ku isi (cyane cyane
Ni igihugu cyateye imbere (cyane cyane) cyitaye ku kibazo cy’ihumana ry’ibidukikije. Selulose karemano ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw’ibinyabuzima no guhuza ibidukikije.
Buhoro buhoro bizahinduka isoko nyamukuru y'ibikoresho bya fibre.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 26 Nzeri 2022