Zvimiro zvakajairika zvezviviriethers dze cellulosezvinopihwa muMifananidzo 1.1 ne1.2. Zabibu rega rega re β-D-risina mvura mumuviri remorekuru ye cellulose
Chikamu cheshuga (chikamu chinodzokorora che cellulose) chinotsiviwa neboka rimwe chete re ether rimwe nerimwe panzvimbo dzeC(2), C(3) uye C(6), kureva kusvika panhatu.
boka re ether. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka e hydroxyl, macromolecule e cellulose ane ma intramolecular uye intermolecular hydrogen bonds, ayo akaoma kunyungudika mumvura.
Uye zvakaoma kunyungudika muzvinhu zvinenge zvese zvinonyungudutsa. Zvisinei, mushure mekupiswa kweselulose, mapoka e ether anounzwa mucheni yemamorekuru,
Nenzira iyi, zvisungo zvehydrogen mukati uye pakati pemamorekuru e cellulose zvinoparadzwa, uye hydrophilicity yayo inovandudzwawo, kuitira kuti kunyunguduka kwayo kuve nani.
Yakagadziridzwa zvikuru. Pakati padzo, Mufananidzo 1.1 ndiwo maumbirwo akajairika emayuniti maviri e-anhydroglucose e-cellulose ether molecular chain, R1-R6=H
kana kuti zvinotsiva organic. 1.2 chikamu checarboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose molecular chain, mwero wekutsiva carboxymethyl i0.5,4
Dhigirii rekutsiva rehydroxyethyl i2.0, uye dhigirii rekutsiva remolar i3.0.
Pachinhu chimwe nechimwe chinotsiva cellulose, huwandu hwese hwe etherification yayo hunogona kuratidzwa sedanho rekutsiva (DS). rakagadzirwa nefibers.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pachimiro chemorekuru huru kuti mwero wekutsiva unotangira pa 0-3. Kureva kuti, rin'i yega yega ye anhydroglucose ye cellulose
, avhareji yehuwandu hwemapoka ehydroxyl akatsiviwa nemapoka e etherifying e etherifying agent. Nekuda kwe hydroxyalkyl group ye cellulose, inotsiva
Kugadziriswa kwe ether kunofanira kutangazve kubva kuboka idzva re free hydroxyl. Nokudaro, mwero wekutsiva rudzi urwu rwe cellulose ether unogona kuratidzwa muma moles.
dhigirii rekutsiva (MS). Iyo inonzi molar degree yekutsiva inoratidza huwandu hwechinhu chinosimbisa muviri chinowedzerwa kune imwe neimwe anhydroglucose unit ye cellulose
Avhareji yehuremu hwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa.
1 Maumbirwo akajairika echikamu cheglucose
Zvidimbu zviviri zvemaketani e-cellulose ether molecular
1.2.2 Kupatsanurwa kwe ether dze cellulose
Kunyangwe cellulose ethers dziri single ethers kana mixed ethers, hunhu hwadzo hwakasiyana zvishoma.
Kana boka rehydroxyl remuchina weringi rikatsiviwa neboka rinorarama nemvura, chigadzirwa chacho chinogona kuva nedanho rakaderera rekutsiviwa kana chiri chedanho rakaderera rekutsiviwa.
Ine mvura inonyunguduka; kana ikatsiviwa neboka risingade mvura, chigadzirwa chacho chinongotsiviwa chete kana mwero wekutsiviwa uri pakati nepakati.
Zvigadzirwa zve etherification zvisinganyunguduke mumvura, zvisingatsiviwi zvakanyanya ne cellulose zvinogona kuzvimba mumvura chete, kana kunyungudika mumhinduro dzisina kusimba dze alkali.
pakati.
Zvichienderana nemarudzi ezvinotsiva, ma ether e cellulose anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: mapoka e alkyl, akadai se methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;
Mahydroxyalkyls, akadai sehydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; mamwe, akadai secarboxymethyl cellulose, nezvimwewo. Kana ionization
Kupatsanura, ether dze cellulose dzinogona kukamurwa kuita: ionic, senge carboxymethyl cellulose; non-ionic, senge hydroxyethyl cellulose; mixed
mhando, senge hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Zvichienderana nekupatsanurwa kwekunyungudika, cellulose inogona kukamurwa kuita: inonyungudika mumvura, senge carboxymethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyethyl cellulose; isinganyungudike mumvura, senge methyl cellulose, nezvimwewo.
1.2.3 Hunhu uye mashandisirwo e ethers e cellulose
Cellulose ether rudzi rwechigadzirwa mushure mekugadziriswa kwe etherification ye cellulose, uye cellulose ether ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha.
Ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekuumba firimu; semuchina wekudhinda, ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekunyunguduka kwemvura, hunhu hwekukora, hunhu hwekuchengetedza mvura uye kugadzikana;
5
Ether isina hwema, haina chepfu, uye inoenderana zvakanaka nehupenyu. Pakati payo, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ine "industrial monosodium glutamate"
zita remadunhurirwa.
1.2.3.1 Kugadzirwa kwemafirimu
Kuwanda kwe ether ye cellulose kune simba guru pakugadzira kwayo firimu senge kugona kwayo kugadzira firimu uye simba rekubatanidza.
Nekuda kwesimba rayo rakanaka remakanika uye kubatana kwayo nemaresini akasiyana-siyana, inogona kushandiswa mumafirimu epurasitiki, manamatiro nezvimwe zvinhu.
kugadzirira zvinhu.
1.2.3.2 Kunyungudika
Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka akawanda ehydroxyl paringi ye oxygen-containing glucose unit, cellulose ethers ine mvura inonyungudika zviri nani.
Zvichienderana nechinhu chinotsiva cellulose ether uye mwero wekutsiva, kunewo sarudzo dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa zvakasikwa.
1.2.3.3 Kukora
Cellulose ether inonyungudutswa mumvura ine muchimiro checolloid, umo mwero wepolymerization ye cellulose ether unosarudza cellulose.
Kusviba kwe ether solution. Kusiyana neNewtonian fluids, viscosity ye cellulose ether solutions inochinja ne shear force, uye
Nekuda kwechimiro ichi chema macromolecules, viscosity yemushonga inozowedzera nekukurumidza nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwakasimba hwe cellulose ether, zvisinei viscosity yemushonga.
Kupenya kunodererawo nekukurumidza nekupisa kuri kuwedzera [33].
1.2.3.4 Kuora kwehunhu
Mushonga we cellulose ether wakanyungudutswa mumvura kwenguva yakati unozokura mabhakitiriya, nokudaro uchigadzira mabhakitiriya e enzyme uye uchiparadza chikamu che cellulose ether.
Zvisungo zve glucose zvisina kutsiviwa zviri pedyo, nokudaro zvichideredza huwandu hwemamorekuru e macromolecule. Nokudaro, cellulose ethers
Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kunoda kuwedzerwa huwandu hwakati hwezvinhu zvinochengetedza.
Pamusoro pezvo, cellulose ethers dzine zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvakaita sekushanda kwepamusoro, basa reionic, kugadzikana kwefuro uye chinowedzera.
kushanda kwejeli. Nekuda kwehunhu uhwu, cellulose ethers inoshandiswa mumachira, kugadzira mapepa, sipo dzekugadzira, zvizoro, chikafu, mishonga,
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda.
1.3 Nhanganyaya yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemiti
Kubva muongororo ye 1.2 cellulose ether, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvinhu zvekugadzira cellulose ether zvinonyanya kuve donje cellulose, uye chimwe chezviri mukati menyaya iyi.
Inofanira kushandiswa cellulose yakatorwa kubva mumiti kuti itsive donje cellulose kugadzira cellulose ether. Zvinotevera ipfupiso yezvirimwa.
zvinhu.
Sezvo zviwanikwa zvakajairika zvakaita semafuta, marasha negasi rechisikigo zviri kudzikira, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvichibva pazviri, zvakaita semafiber ekugadzira uye mafiber films, kuchawedzerawo kudziviswa. Nekukura kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwenzanga nenyika pasi rose (kunyanya
Inyika yakasimukira) inonyatso tarisa dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Selulosi yechisikigo inogona kuora uye inokwanisa kubatanidza nharaunda.
Zvishoma nezvishoma zvichava chinhu chikuru chinobva zvinhu zvefaibha.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-26-2022