Ngā hanganga noa o ngā mea e ruangā etera cellulosekei roto i ngā Pikitia 1.1 me 1.2. Ko ia karepe maroke-β-D o te ngota cellulose
Ka whakakapia te waeine huka (te waeine tāruarua o te cellulose) ki tētahi rōpū ether i ia tūranga C(2), C(3) me C(6), arā, tae atu ki te toru
he rōpū etera. Nā te mea kei roto ngā rōpū hydroxyl, he hononga hauwai ā-roto me ā-waenga o ngā macromolecules cellulose, he uaua ki te rewa ki te wai.
Ā, he uaua ki te rewa i roto i te nuinga o ngā whakarewa waro. Heoi, i muri i te whakaeteretanga o te cellulose, ka whakaurua ngā rōpū etera ki roto i te mekameka ngota,
Ma tenei ara, ka whakangaromia nga here hauwai i roto, i waenganui hoki i nga ngota ngota o te cellulose, a ka pai ake tona pai ki te wai, kia pai ake ai tona wairewa.
tino pai ake. I roto i ēnei, ko te Pikitia 1.1 te hanganga whānui o ngā waeine anhydroglucose e rua o te mekameka ngota cellulose ether, R1-R6=H
ngā whakakapinga waro rānei. Ko te 1.2 he wāhanga o te mekameka ngota ngota carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, ko te taumata o te whakakapinga o te carboxymethyl he 0.5,4
Ko te nekehanga whakakapinga o te hydroxyethyl he 2.0, ā, ko te nekehanga whakakapinga molar he 3.0.
Mō ia whakakapinga o te cellulose, ka taea te whakaatu i te nui katoa o tōna etherification hei te nekehanga o te whakakapinga (DS). he mea hanga ki ngā muka
Ka kitea mai i te hanganga o te ngota matua ko te taumata o te whakakapinga kei waenga i te 0-3. Arā, ko ia mowhiti wae anhydroglucose o te cellulose
, te toharite o ngā rōpū hydroxyl kua whakakapia e ngā rōpū etherifying o te kaihoko etherifying. Nā te rōpū hydroxyalkyl o te cellulose, ko tōna whakakapinga
Me tīmata anō te whakaetere mai i te rōpū hydroxyl kore utu hou. Nō reira, ka taea te whakaatu i te taumata o te whakakapinga o tēnei momo cellulose ether i roto i ngā mole.
te nekehanga o te whakakapinga (MS). Ko te nekehanga whakakapinga molar e tohu ana i te nui o te kaihoko etherifying i tāpirihia ki ia wae anhydroglucose o te cellulose
Te papatipu toharite o ngā matū tauhohe.
1 Hanganga whānui o te waeine hukahuka
2 Ngā kongakonga o ngā mekameka ngota ngota cellulose ether
1.2.2 Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā etera cellulose
Ahakoa he etera takitahi, he etera whakauru rānei ngā etera cellulose, he rerekē tonu ō rātou āhuatanga.
Mena ka whakakapia te rōpū hydroxyl o te mowhiti waeine e te rōpū hydrophilic, ka iti ake te taumata o te whakakapinga o te hua i raro i te āhuatanga o te taumata o te whakakapinga iti iho.
He wairewatanga tōna; ki te whakakapia e tētahi rōpū hydrophobic, ka whiwhi te hua i tētahi taumata whakakapinga ina he taurite te taumata whakakapinga.
Ka taea anake e ngā hua whakapūkara cellulose wairewa-wai, kāore i te tino whakakapia, te pupuhi i roto i te wai, te rewa rānei i roto i ngā otinga kawakore iti iho te kukū.
waenganui
E ai ki ngā momo whakakapinga, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā etera cellulose ki ngā wāhanga e toru: ngā rōpū alkyl, pērā i te methyl cellulose, te ethyl cellulose;
Ko ngā hydroxyalkyl, pērā i te hydroxyethyl cellulose, te hydroxypropyl cellulose; ko ētahi atu, pērā i te carboxymethyl cellulose, me ētahi atu. Mena ka whakakorikoria te ionization
E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā etera cellulose ki: ionic, pērā i te carboxymethyl cellulose; kore-ionic, pērā i te hydroxyethyl cellulose; whakauru
momo, pērā i te hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga o te wairewatanga, ka taea te wehewehe i te cellulose ki: wairewa-wai, pērā i te carboxymethyl cellulose,
He hauwaiora etiretira; kāore e wairewa i te wai, pērā i te metiriora, me ētahi atu.
1.2.3 Ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga o ngā etera cellulose
He momo hua te cellulose ether i muri i te whakarerekētanga cellulose etherification, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga tino nui o te cellulose ether.
He pai ōna āhuatanga hanga kiriata; hei whakapiri tā, he pai tōna wairewatanga ki te wai, he pai ōna āhuatanga whakamātotoru, he pai tōna pupuri wai me tōna pumau;
5
Kāore he kakara o te ether ma, kāore he paitini, ā, he pai te hototahitanga ki te koiora. I roto i ēnei, ko te carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) he "monosodium glutamate ahumahi"
īngoa karanga
1.2.3.1 Te hanganga kiriata
He nui te awe o te nui o te etherification o te cellulose ether ki ōna āhuatanga hanga kiriata pēnei i te kaha hanga kiriata me te kaha piri.
Nā tōna kaha ā-pūkaha me te hototahitanga pai ki ngā momo kapia, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā kiriata kirihou, ngā piripiri me ētahi atu rauemi.
te whakarite rauemi.
1.2.3.2 Te wairewatanga
Nā te mea he maha ngā rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te mowhiti o te waeine huka kei roto te hāora, he pai ake te wairewatanga o ngā cellulose ethers ki te wai. ā,
I runga i te whakakapinga cellulose ether me te nui o te whakakapinga, he rerekē anō hoki te whiriwhiringa mō ngā whakarewa waro.
1.2.3.3 Te Whakamātotoru
Ka rewa te cellulose ether i roto i te wairewa wai i te āhua o te colloid, ko te nui o te polymerization o te cellulose ether te mea e whakatau ana i te cellulose.
Te matotoru o te otinga etera. Kāore i rite ki ngā wai Newtonian, ka rerekē te matotoru o ngā otinga cellulose etera me te kaha kutikuti, ā,
Nā tēnei hanganga o ngā macromolecules, ka tere te piki o te matotoru o te otinga me te pikinga ake o te ihirangi totoka o te cellulose ether, heoi, ka iti ake te matotoru o te otinga.
Ka tere hoki te heke o te matotoru i te pikinga o te pāmahana [33].
1.2.3.4 Te Pirautanga
Ka whakatupuhia he huakita e te wairewa cellulose ether kua rewa ki te wai mō tētahi wā, ā, ka puta he huakita whākōkī, ka whakangaro hoki i te wāhanga cellulose ether.
Ka honoa te waeine huka kāore i whakakapia e tata ana, ā, ka whakaitihia te papatipu ngota whanaunga o te macromolecule. Nō reira, ko ngā ether cellulose
Ko te tiaki i ngā wairewa wai me tāpiri he nui o ngā mea tiaki.
Hei tāpiritanga, he maha atu anō ngā āhuatanga ahurei o ngā etera cellulose pērā i te ngohe o te mata, te ngohe ionic, te pumau o te pahuka me te tāpiritanga.
te mahi a te tiēre. Nā ēnei āhuatanga, ka whakamahia ngā etera cellulose ki ngā kakahu, ki te hanga pepa, ki ngā hopi horoi, ki ngā mea whakapaipai, ki te kai, ki te rongoā,
He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara maha.
1.3 Whakataki ki ngā rauemi mata o te tipu
Mai i te tirohanga whānui o te 1.2 cellulose ether, ka kitea ko te rauemi mata mō te whakarite i te cellulose ether ko te miro cellulose te nuinga, ā, ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa o tēnei kaupapa
Ko te whakamahi i te cellulose i tangohia mai i ngā rauemi mata o te tipu hei whakakapi i te cellulose miro hei whakarite i te cellulose ether. Anei tētahi whakataki poto ki te tipu
rauemi
I te mea kei te mimiti haere ngā rauemi noa pēnei i te hinu, te waro me te hau māori, ka whakawhāitihia hoki te whanaketanga o ngā hua maha e ahu mai ana i aua rauemi, pēnei i ngā muka hangai me ngā kiriata muka. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hapori me ngā whenua o te ao (ina koa
He whenua whakawhanake tēnei) e aro nui ana ki te raruraru o te parahanga taiao. He pirau te cellulose tūturu, ā, he taunga taiao hoki.
Ka āta noho hei pūtake matua mō ngā rauemi muka.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-26-2022