Nā ʻano hana maʻamau o ʻeluanā ethers celluloseua hāʻawi ʻia ma nā Kiʻi 1.1 a me 1.2. ʻO kēlā me kēia hua waina maloʻo β-D o kahi molekole cellulose
Hoʻololi ʻia ke anakahi kō (ka anakahi hana hou o ka cellulose) me hoʻokahi hui ether ma nā kūlana C(2), C(3) a me C(6), ʻo ia hoʻi a hiki i ʻekolu
he hui ether. Ma muli o ke alo o nā hui hydroxyl, loaʻa i nā macromolecules cellulose nā pilina hydrogen intramolecular a me intermolecular, kahi paʻakikī e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.
A he paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka etherification o ka cellulose, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā hui ether i loko o ke kaulahao molekala,
Ma kēia ʻano, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā pilina hydrogen i loko a ma waena o nā molekala o ka cellulose, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona hydrophilicity, i hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona solubility.
ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia. I waena o lākou, ʻo ke Kiʻi 1.1 ka ʻano maʻamau o ʻelua mau ʻāpana anhydroglucose o ke kaulahao molekala cellulose ether, R1-R6=H
a i ʻole nā mea pani organik. ʻO 1.2 kahi ʻāpana o ke kaulahao molekala carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, ʻo ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana o ka carboxymethyl he 0.5,4
ʻO 2.0 ke kekelē pani o ka hydroxyethyl, a ʻo 3.0 ke kekelē pani molar.
No kēlā me kēia pani o ka cellulose, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka nui o kona etherification ma ke ʻano he kekelē o ka pani ʻana (DS). i hana ʻia me nā olonā
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ke ʻano o ka molekole mua e kū ana ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana mai 0-3. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo kēlā me kēia apo anhydroglucose unit o ka cellulose
, ka awelika o nā hui hydroxyl i pani ʻia e nā hui etherifying o ka mea etherifying. Ma muli o ka hui hydroxyalkyl o cellulose, ʻo kona pani
Pono e hoʻomaka hou ʻia ka etherification mai ka hui hydroxyl manuahi hou. No laila, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana o kēia ʻano cellulose ether ma nā moles.
ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana (MS). ʻO ke kekelē molar o ka pani ʻana e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka mea etherifying i hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana anhydroglucose o ka cellulose
ʻO ka nuipa awelika o nā mea hana.
1 ʻAno laulā o kahi ʻāpana glucose
2 Nā ʻāpana o nā kaulahao molekala cellulose ether
1.2.2 Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ethers cellulose
Inā he mau ethers hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ethers hui ʻia nā cellulose ethers, ʻokoʻa iki ko lākou mau waiwai.
Inā pani ʻia ka hui hydroxyl o ke apo ʻāpana e kahi hui hydrophilic, hiki i ka huahana ke loaʻa kahi kekelē haʻahaʻa o ka pani ʻana ma lalo o ke kūlana o kahi kekelē haʻahaʻa o ka pani ʻana.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi solubility wai; inā pani ʻia e kahi hui hydrophobic, loaʻa i ka huahana kahi kekelē o ka pani ʻana ke kaulike wale nō ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana.
Hiki i nā huahana etherification cellulose i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, emi iho ka pani ʻia ke pehu wale i ka wai, a i ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā hopena alkali i emi iho ka nui
waena.
Wahi a nā ʻano o nā mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ethers cellulose i ʻekolu mau māhele: nā hui alkyl, e like me ka methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;
ʻO nā Hydroxyalkyls, e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka carboxymethyl cellulose, a pēlā aku. Inā ʻo ka ionization
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ethers cellulose i: ionic, e like me ka carboxymethyl cellulose; non-ionic, e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose; hui pū ʻia
ʻano, e like me ka hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Wahi a ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka solubility, hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia ka cellulose i: ka wai-soluble, e like me ka carboxymethyl cellulose,
Hydroxyethyl cellulose; hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ka wai, e like me ka methyl cellulose, a pēlā aku.
1.2.3 Nā waiwai a me nā noi o nā ethers cellulose
He ʻano huahana ka Cellulose ether ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka cellulose etherification, a he nui nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka cellulose ether. e like me
He mau waiwai hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi kona; ma ke ʻano he kāpili paʻi, he maikaʻi ka solubility wai, nā waiwai mānoanoa, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ke kūpaʻa;
5
ʻAʻohe ʻala o ka ether maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, a he biocompatibility maikaʻi. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) he "monosodium glutamate ʻoihana"
inoa kapakapa.
1.2.3.1 Hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni
He mana nui ko ke kekelē o ka etherification o ka cellulose ether i kona mau waiwai hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me ka hiki ke hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa.
Ma muli o kona ikaika mechanical maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me nā resins like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni plastik, nā mea hoʻopili a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea.
1.2.3.2 Ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia
Ma muli o ke ola ʻana o nā hui hydroxyl he nui ma ke apo o ka ʻāpana glucose i loaʻa ka oxygen, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka solubility o nā cellulose ethers i ka wai. a
Ma muli o ka substituent cellulose ether a me ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana, aia kekahi ʻano koho like ʻole no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik.
1.2.3.3 Mānoanoa
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose ether i loko o kahi hopena wai ma ke ʻano o ke colloid, kahi e hoʻoholo ai ke kekelē o ka polymerization o ka cellulose ether i ka cellulose.
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka hopena ether. ʻAʻole e like me nā wai Newtonian, loli ka mānoanoa o nā hopena cellulose ether me ka ikaika shear, a
Ma muli o kēia ʻano o nā macromolecules, e piʻi koke ka viscosity o ka hopena me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o ka cellulose ether, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka viscosity o ka hopena.
E emi koke ana hoʻi ka mānoanoa me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana [33].
1.2.3.4 Ka hiki ke palaho
ʻO ka hopena cellulose ether i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai no kekahi manawa e ulu i ka bacteria, a laila e hana ana i ka bacteria enzyme a luku i ka pae cellulose ether.
Hoʻopili ka ʻāpana glucose i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia e pili ana, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka molekala pili o ka macromolecule. No laila, nā ethers cellulose
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena wai e pono ai ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui o nā mea mālama.
Eia kekahi, he nui nā waiwai kūikawā ʻē aʻe o ka cellulose ethers e like me ka hana ʻili, ka hana ionic, ka paʻa o ka huʻa a me ka mea hoʻohui.
hana gel. Ma muli o kēia mau waiwai, hoʻohana ʻia nā cellulose ethers i nā lole, ka hana pepa, nā detergents synthetic, nā mea hoʻonani, ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau,
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻano he nui.
1.3 Hoʻolauna i nā mea kanu maka
Mai ka ʻike holoʻokoʻa o 1.2 cellulose ether, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mea maka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka cellulose ether he pulupulu cellulose nui ia, a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻike o kēia kumuhana
ʻO ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose i unuhi ʻia mai nā mea kanu maka e pani i ka pulupulu cellulose e hoʻomākaukau i ka cellulose ether. Eia kahi hoʻolauna pōkole i ka mea kanu
mea hana.
I ka emi ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai maʻamau e like me ka ʻaila, ka lanahu a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe, e kaupalena ʻia hoʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana like ʻole e pili ana iā lākou, e like me nā olonā synthetic a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni fiber. Me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ke kaiāulu a me nā ʻāina a puni ka honua (ʻoi aku hoʻi
He ʻāina holomua ia) nāna e nānā pono i ka pilikia o ka haumia o ke kaiapuni. Loaʻa i ka cellulose kūlohelohe ka biodegradability a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kaiapuni.
E lilo mālie ia i kumu nui o nā mea fiber.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-26-2022