1. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-cellulose ether
Ku-mortar exutshwe kakade, i-cellulose ether iyisengezo esiyinhloko esingezwa ngenani eliphansi kakhulu kodwa singathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi futhi sithinte ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
2. Izinhlobo ze-cellulose ethers
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether kwenziwa kakhulu ngemicu yemvelo ngokuncibilika kwe-alkali, ukusabela kokuxhunyelelwa (i-etherification), ukuwasha, ukomisa, ukugaya nezinye izinqubo.
Ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, imicu yemvelo ingahlukaniswa ibe yi: i-cotton fiber, i-cedar fiber, i-beech fiber, njll. Amazinga ayo e-polymerization ayahlukahluka, okuthinta i-viscosity yokugcina yemikhiqizo yabo. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-cellulose basebenzisa i-cotton fiber (umkhiqizo we-nitrocellulose) njengezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ama-ether e-cellulose angahlukaniswa abe yi-ionic kanye ne-nonionic. Uhlobo lwe-ionic luhlanganisa ikakhulukazi usawoti we-carboxymethyl cellulose, kanti uhlobo olungeyona i-ionic luhlanganisa kakhulu i-methyl cellulose, i-methyl hydroxyethyl (propyl) cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, njll.
Njengamanje, ama-ether e-cellulose asetshenziswa ku-mortar exutshwe ngomumo ikakhulukazi i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC), i-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPG), i-hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Ku-mortar exutshwe ngomumo, ngoba i-ionic cellulose (usawoti we-carboxymethyl cellulose) ayizinzile uma kukhona ama-ion e-calcium, ayisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni exutshwe ngomumo esebenzisa usimende, i-slaked lime, njll. njengezinto zokuqinisa. Kwezinye izindawo eShayina, usawoti we-carboxymethyl cellulose usetshenziswa njengesithambisi semikhiqizo ethile yangaphakathi ecutshungulwa ngesitashi esiguquliwe njengento eyinhloko yokufaka usimende kanye ne-Shuangfei powder njengesigcwalisi. Lo mkhiqizo uthambekele ekukhunteni futhi awumelani namanzi, futhi manje uyasuswa. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose nayo isetshenziswa kweminye imikhiqizo exutshwe ngomumo, kodwa inesabelo esincane kakhulu semakethe.
3. Izinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko ze-cellulose ether
(1) Ukuncibilika
I-Cellulose iyinhlanganisela ye-polyhydroxy polymer engancibiliki noma incibiliki. Ngemva kokufakelwa, i-cellulose iyancibilika emanzini, incibilikise isixazululo se-alkali kanye ne-organic solvent, futhi ine-thermoplasticity. Ukuncibilika kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezine: okokuqala, ukuncibilika kuyahlukahluka nge-viscosity, lapho i-viscosity iphansi, yilapho ukuncibilika kuba kukhulu. Okwesibili, izici zamaqembu angeniswe enkambisweni ye-etherification, lapho iqembu lingeniswa likhulu, yilapho ukuncibilika kuba kuncane; lapho iqembu lingeniswa kakhulu, kulula kakhulu ukuthi i-cellulose ether incibilikiswe emanzini. Okwesithathu, izinga lokushintshana kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamaqembu afakwe i-ether kuma-macromolecule. Ama-ether amaningi e-cellulose angancibilika kuphela emanzini ngaphansi kwezinga elithile lokushintshana. Okwesine, izinga lokwenziwa i-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, lapho izinga lokwenziwa i-polymerization liphakama, yilapho kungancibiliki kakhulu; lapho izinga lokwenziwa i-polymerization liphansi, kuba bubanzi ububanzi bezinga lokufakwa elingancibilikiswa emanzini.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether, futhi kuyindlela abakhiqizi abaningi bempuphu eyomile basekhaya, ikakhulukazi labo abasezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu, abayinaka. Izici ezithinta umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-mortar zifaka phakathi inani le-cellulose ether engeziwe, i-viscosity, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kwendawo yokusetshenziswa. Uma inani le-cellulose ether engeziwe liphezulu, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono; uma i-viscosity inkulu, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono; uma izinhlayiya zincane, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono.
(3) Ukujiya
Ukuqina kuyipharamitha ebalulekile yemikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abahlukene be-cellulose ether basebenzisa izindlela namathuluzi ahlukene ukukala ukuqina. Kumkhiqizo ofanayo, imiphumela yokuqina elinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ihlukile kakhulu, futhi eminye ize ibe nomehluko ophindwe kabili. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ukuqina, kumele kwenziwe phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlola ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-rotor, njll.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono. Kodwa-ke, uma i-viscosity iphakeme, isisindo sama-molecule se-cellulose ether siphakeme, kanye nokwehla okuhambisanayo kokuncibilika kwayo kuzoba nomthelela omubi emandleni nasekusebenzeni kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokujiya ubonakala kakhulu ku-mortar, kodwa awulingani ngokuqondile. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, kulapho i-mortar emanzi izoba mnene kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ibonakala njengokunamathela ku-scraper kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu ku-substrate. Kodwa akusizi ukwandisa amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi uqobo. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okulwa nokuwa akubonakali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanye ama-viscosity aphakathi nendawo naphansi kodwa aguquliwe e-methyl cellulose ethers asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi.
(4) Ubuncane bezinhlayiya:
I-cellulose ether esetshenziselwa udaka oluxutshwe ngomucu iyadingeka ukuthi ibe yimpuphu, enokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi, kanti ubuncane bayo budinga ukuthi u-20% kuya ku-60% wobukhulu bezinhlayiya bube ngaphansi kuka-63 μm. Ubuncane buthinta ukuncibilika kwe-cellulose ether. Ama-coarse cellulose ethers ngokuvamile asesimweni sama-granules, okulula ukuwahlakaza nokuwancibilikisa emanzini ngaphandle kokuhlangana, kodwa izinga lokuncibilika lihamba kancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke awafanele ukusetshenziswa kudaka oluxutshwe ngomucu (eminye imikhiqizo yasekhaya iyabhidlika, akulula ukuyihlakaza nokuwancibilikisa emanzini, futhi ithambekele ekubambeni). Kudaka oluxutshwe ngomucu, i-cellulose ether ihlakazeka phakathi kwama-aggregates, ama-filler amahle kanye ne-samente nezinye izinto zokufaka usimende. Impuphu encane kuphela engagwema ukuhlangana kwe-cellulose ether lapho ixutshwa namanzi. Uma i-cellulose ether ingezwa namanzi ukuze kuncibilikiswe ukuhlangana, kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlakaza nokuwancibilikisa.
(5) Ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether
Ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether kuwukwandiswa kokusebenza kwayo, futhi yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Izakhiwo ze-cellulose ether zingathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumanzi, ukuhlakazeka kwayo, ukunamathela, ukuqina kwayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nezakhiwo zokwakha ifilimu, kanye nokungangeni kwayo uwoyela.
4. Umphumela wokushisa okuzungezile ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwe-mortar
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kwehla ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, i-mortar ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (angaphezu kuka-40°C) ezindaweni eziningi. Ukwehla kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuholele ekuthintekeni okubonakalayo ekusebenzeni kahle nasekumelaneni nokuqhekeka. Ukuncika kwayo ekushiseni kusazoholela ebuthakathakeni bezakhiwo ze-mortar, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ithonya lezici zokushisa ngaphansi kwalesi simo. Izindlela zokupheka ze-mortar zalungiswa ngendlela efanele, futhi kwenziwa izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile ezindleleni zokupheka zesizini. Nakuba kwandiswe umthamo (ifomula yasehlobo), ukusebenza kahle kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa, okudinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwe-cellulose ether, njengokwandisa izinga le-etherification, njll., ukuze umphumela wokugcina amanzi utholakale ekushiseni okuphezulu. Igcina umphumela ongcono uma iphezulu, ukuze inikeze ukusebenza okungcono ezimweni ezinzima.
5. Ukusetshenziswa ku-mortar exutshwe ngomumo
Ku-mortar exutshwe ngomumo, i-cellulose ether idlala indima yokugcina amanzi, ukuqina kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokwakhiwa. Ukusebenza kahle kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-mortar ngeke ibangele ukusantiwa, ukufuthwa kanye nokuncipha kwamandla ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi kanye nokungapheleli kwamanzi. Umphumela wokuqina uthuthukisa kakhulu amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi. Ukwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether kungathuthukisa kakhulu i-viscosity emanzi ye-mortar emanzi, futhi kune-viscosity enhle kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kodonga lwe-mortar emanzi futhi kuncishiswe imfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ye-cellulose ether emikhiqizweni ehlukene nayo ihlukile. Isibonelo, kuma-adhesive ethayela, i-cellulose ether ingandisa isikhathi sokuvula futhi ilungise isikhathi; ku-mortar yokufutha ngomshini, ingathuthukisa amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi; ekuzilinganiseni, ingavimbela ukuhlala, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Ngakho-ke, njengesithasiselo esibalulekile, i-cellulose ether isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-mortar eyomile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-11-2023