1. Ko te mahi matua o te cellulose ether
I roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu, ko te cellulose ether te tāpiri matua e tāpirihia ana i te iti rawa o te rahinga engari ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata mākū me te pā ki te mahi hanga o te moata.
2. Ngā momo etera cellulose
Ko te hanga o te cellulose ether he mea hanga nui mai i ngā muka taiao mā te whakarewatanga alkali, te tauhohenga honohono (etherification), te horoi, te whakamaroke, te huri me ētahi atu tukanga.
E ai ki ngā rauemi mata matua, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā muka māori ki: te muka miro, te muka hita, te muka pīti, me ētahi atu. He rerekē ngā nekehanga o te whakapūhui, ā, ka pā tēnei ki te matotoru whakamutunga o ā rātou hua. I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga nui o te cellulose te muka miro (te hua taha o te nitrocellulose) hei rauemi mata matua.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā etera cellulose ki te ionic me te non-ionic. Ko te momo ionic kei roto te tote carboxymethyl cellulose, ā, ko te momo non-ionic kei roto te methyl cellulose, te methyl hydroxyethyl (propyl) cellulose, te hydroxyethyl cellulose, me ētahi atu.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā etera cellulose e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu ko te methyl cellulose ether (MC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPG), hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). I roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu, nā te mea he koretake te cellulose ionic (tote carboxymethyl cellulose) i te aroaro o ngā iona konupūmā, he onge te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hua kua oti te whakaranu e whakamahi ana i te sima, te raima kua whakamaroketia, me ētahi atu hei rauemi whakapiri. I ētahi wāhi i Haina, ka whakamahia te tote carboxymethyl cellulose hei whakamātotoru mō ētahi hua o roto i tukatukahia me te māngaro kua whakarerekētia hei rauemi whakapiri matua me te paura Shuangfei hei whakakī. He ngāwari tēnei hua ki te harore, ā, kāore e ātete ki te wai, ā, kei te whakakorea haeretia inaianei. Ka whakamahia hoki te hydroxyethyl cellulose i roto i ētahi hua kua oti te whakaranu, engari he iti noa te wāhi mākete.
3. Ngā tohu mahi matua o te cellulose ether
(1) Te wairewatanga
He matū polyhydric polymer te cellulose, kāore e memeha, kāore hoki e rewa. I muri i te etherification, ka memeha te cellulose ki te wai, ki te otinga alkali me te whakarewa waro, ā, he thermoplasticity tōna. E whā ngā āhuatanga matua o te wairewatanga: tuatahi, ka rerekē te wairewatanga me te matotoru, ko te iti o te matotoru, ko te nui ake o te wairewatanga. Tuarua, ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā rōpū i whakaurua ki te tukanga etherification, ko te nui ake o te rōpū i whakaurua, ko te iti ake o te wairewatanga; ko te nui ake o te polar o te rōpū i whakaurua, ko te māmā ake o te memeha o te cellulose ether ki te wai. Tuatoru, ko te nui o te whakakapinga me te tohatoha o ngā rōpū etherified i roto i ngā macromolecules. Ko te nuinga o ngā cellulose ether ka taea anake te memeha ki te wai i raro i tētahi taumata whakakapinga. Tuawhā, ko te nui o te polymerization o te cellulose ether, ko te teitei ake o te tohu polymerization, ko te iti ake o te wairewatanga; ko te iti iho o te tohu polymerization, ko te whānui ake o te whānuitanga o te tohu whakakapinga ka taea te memeha ki te wai.
(2) Te pupuri wai
He mahi nui te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether, ā, he mahi anō hoki e arohia ana e te tini o ngā kaihanga paura maroke o te whare, inā koa ko ērā kei ngā rohe tonga he nui te pāmahana. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pānga pupuri wai o te moata ko te nui o te cellulose ether i tāpirihia, te matotoru, te pai o te matūriki me te pāmahana o te taiao whakamahi. Ko te nui ake o te nui o te cellulose ether i tāpirihia, ko te pai ake o te pānga pupuri wai; ko te nui ake o te matotoru, ko te pai ake o te pānga pupuri wai; ko te pai ake o ngā matūriki, ko te pai ake o te pānga pupuri wai.
(3) Te matotoru
He tawhā nui te matotoru o ngā hua cellulose ether. I tēnei wā, he rerekē ngā tikanga me ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e ngā kaihanga cellulose ether hei ine i te matotoru. Mō te hua kotahi, he rerekē rawa ngā hua matotoru i inehia mā ngā tikanga rerekē, ā, he ruarua ngā rerekētanga o ētahi. Nō reira, ina whakatauritehia te matotoru, me whakahaere i waenga i ngā tikanga whakamātautau kotahi, tae atu ki te pāmahana, te rotor, me ētahi atu.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te pai ake o te pānga pupuri wai. Heoi, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te teitei ake o te taumaha ngota o te cellulose ether, ā, ko te whakahekenga o tōna wairewa ka pā kino ki te kaha me te mahi hanga o te moata. Ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te kitea ake o te pānga matotoru ki te moata, engari kāore i te ōrite tika. Ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te matotoru ake o te moata maku. I te wā hanga, ka kitea ko te piri ki te waru me te piri nui ki te papa. Engari kāore e whai hua ki te whakanui ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata maku tonu. I te wā hanga, kāore e kitea te mahi ārai-totoka. I tetahi atu taha, ko ētahi matotoru reo me te iti engari he methyl cellulose ethers kua whakarerekētia he mahi tino pai ki te whakapai ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata maku.
(4) Te matotoru o ngā matūriki:
Ko te etera cellulose e whakamahia ana mō te moata kua oti te whakaranu me paura, he iti te wai, ā, ko te matotoru me iti iho i te 63 μm te rahi o te matūriki. Ka pā te matotoru ki te wairewa o te etera cellulose. Ko ngā etera cellulose matotoru he rite ki ngā kirikiri, he ngāwari ki te horapa me te rewa ki te wai me te kore e whakakotahi, engari he puhoi rawa te tere rewa, nō reira kāore e pai mō te whakamahi i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu (he mātotoru ētahi hua o te kāinga, kāore e ngāwari ki te horapa me te rewa ki te wai, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakakorikori). I roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu, ka horapa te etera cellulose ki waenga i ngā mea whakahiato, ngā whakakī matotoru me te sima me ētahi atu rauemi whakapiri. Ko te paura matotoru anake ka taea te karo i te whakakotahitanga o te etera cellulose ina whakaranua ki te wai. Ina tāpirihia te etera cellulose ki te wai hei rewa i te whakakotahitanga, he tino uaua ki te horapa me te rewa.
(5) Te whakarerekētanga o te cellulose ether
Ko te whakarerekētanga o te cellulose ether te whakawhānui ake i tana mahi, ā, koinei te wāhanga tino nui. Ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te cellulose ether hei arotau i tōna mākū, tōna marara, tōna piri, tōna matotoru, tōna whakapūtanga, tōna pupuri wai me ōna āhuatanga hanga kiriata, tae atu ki tōna ātete ki te hinu.
4. Te pānga o te pāmahana taiao ki te pupuri wai o te moata
Ka heke te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether i te pikinga o te pāmahana. I roto i ngā mahi rauemi, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te moata ki ngā papa wera i ngā pāmahana teitei (neke atu i te 40°C) i roto i te maha o ngā taiao. Nā te hekenga o te pupuri wai i hua ake he pānga kitea ki te mahi me te ātete pakaru. Ko tōna whakawhirinakitanga ki te pāmahana ka arahi tonu ki te ngoikore o ngā āhuatanga moata, ā, he mea tino nui kia whakaitihia te awe o ngā āhuatanga pāmahana i raro i tēnei āhuatanga. I whakatikatikaina ngā tohutao moata kia tika, ā, he maha ngā huringa nui i mahia i roto i ngā tohutao ā-wā. Ahakoa te whakanui ake i te horopeta (tātai raumati), kāore tonu te mahi me te ātete pakaru e tutuki i ngā hiahia o te whakamahinga, e hiahia ana kia whai maimoatanga motuhake ki te cellulose ether, pērā i te whakanui ake i te taumata o te etherification, me ētahi atu, kia taea ai te whakatutuki i te pānga pupuri wai i te pāmahana teitei. Ka mau tonu he pānga pai ake ina teitei, kia pai ake ai te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua.
5. Te whakamahinga i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu
I roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu, ka whai wāhi te cellulose ether ki te pupuri wai, ki te whakamātotoru me te whakapai ake i te mahi hanga. Mā te pai o te mahi pupuri wai ka kore te moata e whakakorikori, e paura me te whakaiti i te kaha nā te kore wai me te koretake o te makuku. Ka tino whakarei ake te pānga whakamātotoru i te kaha hanganga o te moata mākū. Mā te tāpiri o te cellulose ether ka taea te whakapai ake i te matotoru mākū o te moata mākū, ā, he pai te matotoru ki ngā momo papa, ka whakapai ake i te mahi pakitara o te moata mākū me te whakaiti i te para. Hei tāpiri, he rerekē anō hoki te mahi a te cellulose ether i roto i ngā hua rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā piri taera, ka taea e te cellulose ether te whakanui ake i te wā whakatuwheratanga me te whakatika i te wā; i roto i te moata rehu miihini, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata mākū; i roto i te whakataurite-ake, ka taea te aukati i te taunga, te wehewehe me te wehewehe. Nō reira, hei tāpiri nui, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te cellulose ether i roto i te moata paura maroke.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-11-2023