1. Isi ọrụ nke cellulose ether
N'ime ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta, cellulose ether bụ ihe mgbakwunye bụ isi nke a na-agbakwunye na obere ego mana ọ nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha mmiri ka mma nke ukwuu ma metụta arụmọrụ owuwu nke ngwa agha.
2. Ụdị cellulose ethers
A na-eji eriri eke emepụta cellulose ether site na mgbasa alkali, mmeghachi omume nke ihe ndị e ji amịpụta ihe (etherification), ịsa, ihicha, igweri ihe na usoro ndị ọzọ.
Dịka ihe ndị bụ isi si dị, enwere ike kewaa eriri eke n'ime: eriri owu, eriri cedar, eriri beech, wdg. Ọkwa polymerization ha dị iche iche, nke na-emetụta oke njedebe nke ngwaahịa ha. Ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta cellulose bụ isi na-eji eriri owu (ihe sitere na nitrocellulose) dị ka ihe bụ isi.
Enwere ike kewaa ethers cellulose n'ime ionic na nonionic. Ụdị ionic gụnyere nnu carboxymethyl cellulose, ụdị non-ionic gụnyerekarị methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (propyl) cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, wdg.
Ugbu a, ethers cellulose ethers eji eme ihe na moto agwakọtara agwakọta bụ methyl cellulose ether (MC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPG), hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). N'ime moto agwakọtara agwakọta, n'ihi na ionic cellulose (nnu carboxymethyl cellulose) anaghị akwụsi ike n'ihu calcium ions, a naghị eji ya eme ihe na ngwaahịa agwakọtara agwakọta nke na-eji simenti, lime a slaked, wdg. dị ka ihe eji eme simenti. N'ebe ụfọdụ na China, a na-eji nnu carboxymethyl cellulose dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị arọ maka ụfọdụ ngwaahịa dị n'ime ụlọ nke ejiri starch agbanwere dị ka ihe simenti bụ isi na ntụ Shuangfei dị ka ihe na-ejupụta. Ngwaahịa a na-enwekarị mildew ma ọ naghị eguzogide mmiri, a na-ewepụkwa ya ugbu a. A na-ejikwa Hydroxyethyl cellulose na ụfọdụ ngwaahịa agwakọtara agwakọta, mana ọ nwere obere òkè ahịa.
3. Ihe ngosi arụmọrụ bụ isi nke cellulose ether
(1) Mmiri na-agbaze
Cellulose bụ ngwakọta polyhydroxy polymer nke na-agbaze ma ọ bụ na-agbaze. Mgbe etherification gasịrị, cellulose na-agbaze na mmiri, na-agwakọta mmiri alkali na ihe mgbaze organic, ma nwee thermoplasticity. Mgbaze dabere na ihe anọ: nke mbụ, mgbaze na-agbanwe ka viscosity dị, obere viscosity, ka mgbaze na-abawanye. Nke abụọ, njirimara nke otu ndị a webatara na usoro etherification, ka otu ahụ webatara na-ebu ibu, otú ahụ ka mgbaze na-ebelata; ka otu ahụ webatara na-adịkwu polar, otú ahụ ka cellulose ether na-adị mfe ịgbaze na mmiri. Nke atọ, ogo nnọchi na nkesa nke otu etherified na macromolecules. Ọtụtụ cellulose ethers nwere ike ịgbaze naanị na mmiri n'okpuru ọkwa nnọchi ụfọdụ. Nke anọ, ogo polymerization nke cellulose ether, ka ogo polymerization dị elu, otú ahụ ka mgbaze na-ebelata; obere ogo polymerization dị ala, otú ahụ ka oke ọkwa nnọchi nke enwere ike ịgbaze na mmiri si obosara.
(2) Idochi mmiri
Idobe mmiri bụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke cellulose ether, ọ bụkwa arụmọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ntụ ntụ akọrọ n'ime ụlọ, ọkachasị ndị dị na mpaghara ndịda nwere oke okpomọkụ, na-aṅa ntị na ya. Ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta idobe mmiri nke mota gụnyere ọnụọgụ nke cellulose ether agbakwunyere, viscosity, ịdị mma nke ihe na okpomọkụ nke gburugburu ebe eji ya. Ka ọnụọgụ nke cellulose ether agbakwunyere dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta idobe mmiri ka mma; ka viscosity dịkwuo elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta idobe mmiri ka mma; ka obere ihe ndị ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị mma, otú ahụ ka mmetụta idobe mmiri ka mma.
(3) Viscositi
Viscosity bụ ihe dị mkpa na ngwaahịa cellulose ether. Ugbu a, ndị nrụpụta cellulose ether dị iche iche na-eji ụzọ na ngwa dị iche iche atụ viscosity. Maka otu ngwaahịa ahụ, nsonaazụ viscosity nke usoro dị iche iche tụrụ dị nnọọ iche, ụfọdụ nwekwara ọdịiche okpukpu abụọ. Ya mere, mgbe a na-atụnyere viscosity, a ga-eme ya n'etiti otu ụzọ nnwale ahụ, gụnyere okpomọkụ, rotor, wdg.
N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta nchekwa mmiri ka mma. Agbanyeghị, ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka arọ molekul nke cellulose ether dị elu, na mbelata kwekọrọ na ya na ike ịgbaze ya ga-enwe mmetụta ọjọọ na ike na arụmọrụ owuwu nke slaịtọ ahụ. Ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta ọkpụrụkpụ na slaịtọ ahụ na-apụta ìhè, mana ọ bụghị nha anya kpọmkwem. Ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka slaịtọ mmiri ga-adịkwu. N'oge owuwu, a na-egosipụta ya dị ka ịrapara na scraper na nrapara dị elu na substrate. Mana ọ baghị uru ịbawanye ike nhazi nke slaịtọ mmiri n'onwe ya. N'oge owuwu, arụmọrụ mgbochi sag adịghị apụta ìhè. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ụfọdụ viscosity dị ọkara na obere mana methyl cellulose ethers agbanwere agbanwe nwere arụmọrụ dị mma n'imeziwanye ike nhazi nke slaịtọ mmiri.
(4) Ịdị mma nke ihe ndị ahụ:
A chọrọ ka ether cellulose e ji eme ihe maka ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta bụrụ ntụ ntụ, nke nwere obere mmiri, na ịdị mma ahụ chọkwara ka pasentị 20 ruo 60 nke nha ihe ndị ahụ ghara ịdị ihe karịrị 63 μm. Ịdị mma ahụ na-emetụta ike ịgbaze nke ether cellulose. Ether cellulose dị nkọ na-abụkarị n'ụdị granules, nke dị mfe ịgbaze ma gbazee na mmiri na-enweghị njikọta, mana ọnụego mgbaze na-adị nwayọ, yabụ ha adịghị mma maka iji na ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta (ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ụlọ na-agbaze, ọ dịghị mfe ịgbaze ma gbazee na mmiri, ma na-adịkarị mfe ịkpụ). Na ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta, a na-agbasa ether cellulose n'etiti ihe ndị a gwakọtara agwakọta, ihe ndị na-ejupụta obere na simenti na ihe ndị ọzọ e ji simenti mee. Naanị ntụ ntụ zuru oke nwere ike izere njikọta ether cellulose mgbe a na-agwakọta ya na mmiri. Mgbe etinyere ether cellulose na mmiri iji gbazee njikọta ahụ, ọ na-esiri ike ịgbasa ma gbazee.
(5) Mgbanwe nke cellulose ether
Mgbanwe nke cellulose ether bụ ndọtị nke arụmọrụ ya, ọ bụkwa akụkụ kachasị mkpa. Enwere ike imeziwanye njirimara nke cellulose ether iji mee ka mmiri dị na ya ka mma, ịgbasa, ịrapara, ịka nká, ime ka emulsification dị ike, idobe mmiri na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri, yana ikike ya ịbanye na mmanụ.
4. Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi na idobe mmiri nke ngwa agha
Mmiri nke cellulose ether na-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu. N'iji ihe ndị dị irè eme ihe, a na-ejikarị mortar eme ihe na ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu (karịa 40°C) n'ọtụtụ ebe. Mbelata nke njigide mmiri butere mmetụta a na-ahụ anya na ike ịrụ ọrụ na iguzogide mgbawa. Ndabere ya na okpomọkụ ga-eme ka ike nke ihe onwunwe mortar ghara ịdị ike, ọ dịkwa oke mkpa ibelata mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-eme okpomọkụ n'ọnọdụ a. Edoziri ntụziaka mortar nke ọma, e mekwara ọtụtụ mgbanwe dị mkpa na ntụziaka oge. Ọ bụ ezie na ịbawanye dose (usoro oge okpomọkụ), ike ịrụ ọrụ na iguzogide mgbawa ka enweghị ike izute mkpa ojiji, nke chọrọ ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche nke cellulose ether, dị ka ịbawanye ogo etherification, wdg, ka e wee nwee ike nweta mmetụta njide mmiri na okpomọkụ dị oke elu. Ọ na-anọgide na-enwe mmetụta ka mma mgbe ọ dị elu, nke mere na ọ na-enye arụmọrụ ka mma n'ọnọdụ siri ike.
5. Tinye n'ime ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta
N'ime ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta, cellulose ether na-arụ ọrụ nke idobe mmiri, ime ka ọ sie ike ma melite arụmọrụ owuwu. Ezigbo arụmọrụ idobe mmiri na-eme ka ngwa agha ahụ ghara ibute ájá, ntụ ntụ na mbelata ike n'ihi ụkọ mmiri na mmiri zuru oke. Mmetụta ọkpụrụkpụ ahụ na-eme ka ike nhazi nke ngwa agha mmiri dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu. Mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka mmiri mmiri dị na ngwa agha mmiri dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu, ma nwee ezigbo viscosity na ihe dị iche iche, si otú a na-eme ka arụmọrụ mgbidi nke ngwa agha mmiri dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata ihe mkpofu. Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ nke cellulose ether na ngwaahịa dị iche iche dịkwa iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ihe mgbakwunye taịlị, cellulose ether nwere ike ịbawanye oge mmeghe ma gbanwee oge; na ngwa agha ịgbasa igwe, ọ nwere ike ime ka ike nhazi nke ngwa agha mmiri dịkwuo mma; na nhazi onwe ya, ọ nwere ike igbochi nhazi, nkewa na nhazi. Ya mere, dị ka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa, a na-ejikarị cellulose ether eme ihe na ngwa agha ntụ akọrọ.
Oge ozi: Jenụwarị-11-2023