1. Umsebenzi ophambili we-cellulose ether
Kwi-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungile, i-cellulose ether sisongezelelo esiphambili esongezwa ngomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu kodwa sinokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi kwaye sichaphazele ukusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar.
2. Iintlobo zee-ether ze-cellulose
Ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ether kwenziwa kakhulu ngemicu yendalo ngokunyibilika kwe-alkali, ukufakelwa kwe-grafting (i-etherification), ukuhlamba, ukomisa, ukugaya nezinye iinkqubo.
Ngokwezinto eziphambili zokwenza izinto, iifayibha zendalo zingahlulwa zibe: ifayibha yekotoni, ifayibha yecedar, ifayibha yebeech, njl. Amanqanaba azo e-polymerization ayahluka, nto leyo echaphazela i-viscosity yokugqibela yeemveliso zabo. Okwangoku, abavelisi abakhulu be-cellulose basebenzisa ifayibha yekotoni (imveliso ye-nitrocellulose) njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza izinto.
Ii-ether ze-cellulose zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-ionic kunye ne-nonionic. Uhlobo lwe-ionic luquka ikakhulu ityuwa ye-carboxymethyl cellulose, kwaye uhlobo olungeyiyo i-ionic luquka ikakhulu i-methyl cellulose, i-methyl hydroxyethyl (propyl) cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, njl.
Okwangoku, ii-ether ze-cellulose ezisetyenziswa kwi-mortar exutyiweyo ngokuyintloko yi-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC), i-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPG), i-hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Kwi-mortar exutyiweyo ngoku, kuba i-ionic cellulose (ityuwa ye-carboxymethyl cellulose) ayizinzanga xa kukho i-calcium ions, ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimveliso ezixutyiweyo ezisebenzisa isamente, ilayimu etyibilikayo, njl.njl. njengezinto zokufaka isamente. Kwezinye iindawo eTshayina, ityuwa ye-carboxymethyl cellulose isetyenziswa njengesithambisi kwezinye iimveliso zangaphakathi ezicutshungulwa ngesitatshi esilungisiweyo njengezinto eziphambili zokufaka isamente kunye nomgubo we-Shuangfei njengesizalisi. Le mveliso ithambekele kwi-mildew kwaye ayixhathisi emanzini, kwaye ngoku iyancitshiswa. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ikwasetyenziswa kwezinye iimveliso ezixutyiweyo ngoku, kodwa inesabelo esincinci kakhulu kwimarike.
3. Iimpawu eziphambili zokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether
(1) Ukunyibilika
I-Cellulose yi-polyhydroxy polymer compound enganyibilikiyo okanye inyibilike. Emva kokufakelwa i-ether, i-cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini, inyibilikise isisombululo se-alkali kunye ne-organic solvent, kwaye ine-thermoplasticity. Ukunyibilika kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezine: okokuqala, ukunyibilika kuyahluka ngokwe-viscosity, okukhona i-viscosity iphantsi, kokukhona ukunyibilika kukhulu. Okwesibini, iimpawu zamaqela aziswe kwinkqubo ye-etherification, kokukhona iqela lingeniswa likhulu, kokukhona ukunyibilika kuphantsi; okukhona iqela lingeniswa nge-polar, kokukhona kulula ukuba i-cellulose ether inyibilike emanzini. Okwesithathu, izinga lokutshintshwa kunye nokusasazwa kwamaqela e-ether kwii-macromolecules. Uninzi lwee-cellulose ethers zinokunyibilika kuphela emanzini phantsi kwenqanaba elithile lokutshintshwa. Okwesine, izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether, kokukhona inqanaba lokuguqulwa kwe-polymerization liphezulu, kokukhona i-polymerization incinci; okukhona inqanaba lokuguqulwa kwe-polymerization liphantsi, kokukhona uluhlu olubanzi lwezinga lokutshintshwa elinokunyibilika emanzini.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo we-cellulose ether, kwaye ngumsebenzi onikwa ingqalelo ngabavelisi abaninzi bomgubo owomileyo basekhaya, ingakumbi abo bakwimimandla esemazantsi enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Izinto ezichaphazela isiphumo sokugcina amanzi se-mortar ziquka ubungakanani be-cellulose ether eyongeziweyo, i-viscosity, ubuncinci be-particle kunye nobushushu bendawo yokusetyenziswa. Okukhona inani le-cellulose ether eyongeziweyo liphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono; okukhona i-viscosity ikhulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono; kokukhona amasuntswana ecolekile, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono.
(3) Ukuqina
Ukuqina kwe-viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yeemveliso ze-cellulose ether. Okwangoku, abavelisi abahlukeneyo be-cellulose ether basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ukulinganisa ukuqina kwe-viscosity. Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo zokuqina kwe-viscosity ezilinganiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide zahluke kabini. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa ukuqina kwe-viscosity, kufuneka kwenziwe phakathi kweendlela zovavanyo ezifanayo, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi siba ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona ubunzima be-molecular ye-cellulose ether buphakama, kwaye ukwehla okufanelekileyo kokunyibilika kwayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokutyeba sibonakala ngakumbi kwi-mortar, kodwa ayilingani ngokuthe ngqo. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-mortar emanzi iya kuba krakra ngakumbi. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ibonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate. Kodwa akuncedi ukwandisa amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi ngokwayo. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okuchasene nokuhla akubonakali. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye i-viscosity ephakathi nephantsi kodwa i-modified methyl cellulose ethers zisebenza kakuhle ekuphuculeni amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi.
(4) Ubunono beenxalenye:
I-cellulose ether esetyenziselwa i-mortar exutyiweyo kufuneka ibe yi-powder, enomthamo wamanzi aphantsi, kwaye ubuncinci bayo bufuna ukuba i-20% ukuya kwi-60% yobukhulu be-particle ibe ngaphantsi kwe-63 μm. Ubuncinci bayo buchaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-cellulose ether. Ii-coarse cellulose ethers zihlala zikwimo yee-granules, ezilula ukusasaza nokunyibilika emanzini ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa, kodwa izinga lokunyibilika licotha kakhulu, ngoko azifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwi-mortar exutyiweyo (ezinye iimveliso zasekhaya ziyatyibilika, azilula ukusasaza nokunyibilika emanzini, kwaye zinobunzima bokugaywa). Kwi-mortar exutyiweyo, i-cellulose ether isasazeka phakathi kwee-aggregates, izizalisi ezincinci kunye nesamente kunye nezinye izinto zokufaka isamente. Yi-powder entle ngokwaneleyo kuphela enokuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cellulose ether xa ixutywa namanzi. Xa i-cellulose ether yongezwa ngamanzi ukunyibilikisa i-agglomeration, kunzima kakhulu ukuyichitha nokunyibilikisa.
(5) Ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether
Ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether kukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo, kwaye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Iimpawu ze-cellulose ether zinokuphuculwa ukuze kuphuculwe ukufuma kwayo, ukusasazeka kwayo, ukunamathela, ukuqina kwayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokwenziwa kwefilimu, kunye nokungangeni kwayo kwioyile.
4. Impembelelo yobushushu obungqongileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwisamente
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncipha ngokwanda kobushushu. Kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, i-mortar idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (angaphezulu kwama-40°C) kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukwehla kokugcinwa kwamanzi kubangele impembelelo ebonakalayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekuxhathiseni ii-crack. Ukuxhomekeka kwayo kumaqondo obushushu kusaya kukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kweempawu ze-mortar, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo yezinto zobushushu phantsi kwale meko. Iindlela zokupheka ze-mortar zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye utshintsho oluninzi olubalulekileyo lwenziwe kwiindlela zokupheka zexesha lonyaka. Nangona ukwandisa umthamo (ifomula yasehlotyeni), ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokumelana nee-crack akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, nto leyo efuna unyango olukhethekileyo lwe-cellulose ether, njengokunyusa izinga le-etherification, njl.njl., ukuze isiphumo sokugcina amanzi sifezekiswe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Igcina isiphumo esingcono xa iphezulu, ukuze ibonelele ngokusebenza ngcono kwiimeko ezinzima.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kwisamente esele ixutyiwe
Kwisigqubuthelo esisele sixutyiwe, i-cellulose ether idlala indima yokugcina amanzi, ukuqina kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kolwakhiwo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuqinisekisa ukuba isigqubuthelo asiyi kubangela ukutyibilika, umgubo kunye nokunciphisa amandla ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokufuma okungaphelelanga. Isiphumo sokuqina siphucula kakhulu amandla olwakhiwo lwesigqubuthelo esimanzi. Ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunokuphucula kakhulu i-viscosity emanzi yesigqubuthelo esimanzi, kwaye kune-viscosity entle kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukusebenza kodonga lwesigqubuthelo esimanzi kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma. Ukongeza, indima ye-cellulose ether kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo nayo yahlukile. Umzekelo, kwi-adhesives zethayile, i-cellulose ether inokwandisa ixesha lokuvula kwaye ilungise ixesha; kwi-mechanical spray mortar, inokuphucula amandla olwakhiwo lwesigqubuthelo esimanzi; ekuzilinganiseni, inokuthintela ukuhlala, ukuHlukana kunye nokuhlukaniswa. Ke ngoko, njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-dry powder mortar.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Jan-11-2023