1. Babban aikin cellulose ether
A cikin turmi da aka haɗa, cellulose ether babban ƙari ne wanda ake ƙarawa a ƙaramin adadin amma yana iya inganta aikin turmi mai jika sosai kuma yana shafar aikin ginin turmi.
2. Nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cellulose
Ana yin samar da cellulose ether ne galibi daga zaruruwan halitta ta hanyar narkar da alkali, dasawa (etherification), wankewa, busarwa, niƙawa da sauran hanyoyin.
Dangane da manyan kayan da aka yi amfani da su, zare na halitta za a iya raba su zuwa: zare na auduga, zare na cedar, zare na beech, da sauransu. Matsayin polymerization ɗinsu ya bambanta, wanda ke shafar ɗanko na ƙarshe na samfuransu. A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun cellulose suna amfani da zare na auduga (samfurin nitrocellulose) a matsayin babban kayan da aka yi amfani da su.
Ana iya raba ƙwayoyin cellulose zuwa ionic da nonionic. Nau'in ionic ya ƙunshi gishirin carboxymethyl cellulose, kuma nau'in non-ionic ya ƙunshi methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl (propyl) cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, da sauransu.
A halin yanzu, ƙwayoyin cellulose da ake amfani da su a cikin turmi mai gauraya sune galibi methyl cellulose ether (MC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPG), hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). A cikin turmi mai gauraya, saboda ionic cellulose (gishirin carboxymethyl cellulose) ba shi da ƙarfi a gaban ions na calcium, ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a cikin kayayyakin da aka shirya waɗanda ke amfani da siminti, lemun tsami mai laushi, da sauransu a matsayin kayan siminti ba. A wasu wurare a China, ana amfani da gishirin carboxymethyl cellulose a matsayin mai kauri ga wasu samfuran cikin gida waɗanda aka sarrafa da sitaci mai gyara a matsayin babban kayan siminti da kuma foda Shuangfei a matsayin cikawa. Wannan samfurin yana da saurin kamuwa da mildew kuma ba ya jure ruwa, kuma yanzu ana cire shi. Ana kuma amfani da Hydroxyethyl cellulose a wasu samfuran da aka shirya, amma yana da ƙaramin rabo a kasuwa.
3. Manyan alamun aiki na cellulose ether
(1) Narkewa
Cellulose wani sinadari ne na polyhydroxy polymer wanda ba ya narkewa ko narkewa. Bayan etherification, cellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana narkewar maganin alkali da kuma sinadarin organic, kuma yana da thermoplasticity. Narkewar abu ya dogara ne akan abubuwa guda huɗu: na farko, narkewa ya bambanta da danko, ƙarancin danko, mafi girman narkewa. Na biyu, halayen ƙungiyoyin da aka gabatar a cikin tsarin etherification, girman rukunin da aka gabatar, ƙarancin narkewa; da yawan polar group da aka gabatar, da sauƙin narkewar cellulose ether a cikin ruwa. Na uku, matakin maye gurbin da rarraba ƙungiyoyin etherified a cikin macromolecules. Yawancin ethers na cellulose za a iya narke su ne kawai a cikin ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani matakin maye gurbin. Na huɗu, matakin polymerization na cellulose ether, mafi girman matakin polymerization, ƙarancin narkewa; ƙasa da matakin polymerization, faɗin kewayon matakin maye gurbin da za a iya narke a cikin ruwa.
(2) Rike ruwa
Rike ruwa muhimmin aiki ne na cellulose ether, kuma aiki ne da masana'antun busassun foda na gida da yawa, musamman waɗanda ke yankunan kudu masu zafi mai yawa, ke kulawa da shi. Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin riƙe ruwa na turmi sun haɗa da adadin cellulose ether da aka ƙara, ɗanko, ƙarancin barbashi da zafin yanayin amfani. Mafi girman adadin cellulose ether da aka ƙara, mafi kyawun tasirin riƙe ruwa; mafi girman ɗanko, mafi kyawun tasirin riƙe ruwa; mafi kyawun barbashi, mafi kyawun tasirin riƙe ruwa; mafi kyawun barbashi, mafi kyawun tasirin riƙe ruwa.
(3) Danko
Danko muhimmin ma'auni ne na samfuran cellulose ether. A halin yanzu, masana'antun cellulose ether daban-daban suna amfani da hanyoyi da kayan aiki daban-daban don auna danko. Ga samfurin iri ɗaya, sakamakon danko da aka auna ta hanyoyi daban-daban ya bambanta sosai, kuma wasu ma suna da bambance-bambance ninki biyu. Saboda haka, lokacin kwatanta danko, dole ne a yi shi tsakanin hanyoyin gwaji iri ɗaya, gami da zafin jiki, rotor, da sauransu.
Gabaɗaya dai, yawan danko, mafi kyawun tasirin riƙe ruwa. Duk da haka, mafi girman danko, mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na cellulose ether, da kuma raguwar narkewarsa daidai da haka zai yi mummunan tasiri ga ƙarfi da aikin ginin turmi. Mafi girman danko, mafi girman tasirin kauri akan turmi, amma ba daidai yake ba. Mafi girman danko, mafi girman danko zai kasance. A lokacin gini, ana bayyana shi a matsayin mannewa ga abin gogewa da kuma mannewa mai yawa ga substrate. Amma ba shi da amfani a ƙara ƙarfin tsarin turmi mai danshi. A lokacin gini, aikin hana sag ba a bayyane yake ba. Akasin haka, wasu ethers na matsakaici da ƙarancin danko amma waɗanda aka gyara suna da kyakkyawan aiki wajen inganta ƙarfin tsarin turmi mai danshi.
(4) Ingancin ƙwayoyin:
Ana buƙatar cellulose ether da ake amfani da shi don turmi mai gauraya ya zama foda, tare da ƙarancin ruwa, kuma ƙanƙantarsa kuma yana buƙatar kashi 20 zuwa 60% na girman barbashi ya zama ƙasa da 63 μm. Ƙanƙantarsa tana shafar narkewar cellulose ether. Ƙanƙantar cellulose ethers yawanci suna cikin nau'in granules, waɗanda suke da sauƙin warwatsewa da narkewa a cikin ruwa ba tare da haɗakarwa ba, amma ƙimar narkewar yana da jinkiri sosai, don haka ba su dace da amfani da su a cikin turmi mai gauraya ba (wasu samfuran gida suna da flocculent, ba su da sauƙin warwatsewa da narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma suna iya yin caking). A cikin turmi mai gauraya da aka shirya, cellulose ether yana warwatse tsakanin tarawa, fillers masu kyau da siminti da sauran kayan siminti. Foda mai kyau kawai zai iya guje wa haɗa cellulose ether lokacin haɗawa da ruwa. Lokacin da aka ƙara cellulose ether da ruwa don narke haɗakarwa, yana da matukar wahala a warwatse da narkewa.
(5) Gyaran cellulose ether
Gyaran cellulose ether shine faɗaɗa aikin sa, kuma shine mafi mahimmancin sashi. Ana iya inganta halayen cellulose ether don inganta danshi, wargajewa, mannewa, kauri, emulsification, riƙe ruwa da sifofin samar da fim, da kuma rashin shiga cikin mai.
4. Tasirin zafin yanayi akan riƙe ruwa na turmi
Rikewar ruwa na cellulose ether yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki. A aikace-aikacen kayan aiki, sau da yawa ana amfani da turmi a kan abubuwan da ke da zafi a yanayin zafi mai yawa (fiye da 40°C) a wurare da yawa. Rage riƙe ruwa ya haifar da tasiri mai kyau akan iya aiki da juriyar tsagewa. Dogaro da shi akan zafin jiki zai haifar da raunin halayen turmi, kuma yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a rage tasirin abubuwan zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin. An daidaita girke-girke na turmi yadda ya kamata, kuma an yi canje-canje masu mahimmanci da yawa a cikin girke-girke na yanayi. Duk da cewa ƙara yawan amfani (tsarin bazara), ƙarfin aiki da juriyar tsagewa har yanzu ba za su iya biyan buƙatun amfani ba, wanda ke buƙatar wasu jiyya na musamman na cellulose ether, kamar ƙara matakin etherification, da sauransu, don a iya cimma tasirin riƙe ruwa a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Yana kiyaye ingantaccen tasiri lokacin da yake da yawa, don haka yana samar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayi mai wahala.
5. A shafa a cikin turmi mai gauraye
A cikin turmi da aka shirya, cellulose ether yana taka rawar riƙe ruwa, kauri da inganta aikin gini. Kyakkyawan aikin riƙe ruwa yana tabbatar da cewa turmi ba zai haifar da yashi, foda da rage ƙarfi ba saboda ƙarancin ruwa da rashin isasshen ruwa. Tasirin kauri yana ƙara ƙarfin tsarin turmi mai jika sosai. Ƙara cellulose ether na iya inganta ɗanɗanon turmi mai jika sosai, kuma yana da kyakkyawan ɗanɗano ga abubuwa daban-daban, don haka yana inganta aikin bango na turmi mai jika da rage sharar gida. Bugu da ƙari, rawar da cellulose ether ke takawa a cikin samfura daban-daban shima ya bambanta. Misali, a cikin manne na tayal, cellulose ether na iya ƙara lokacin buɗewa da daidaita lokaci; a cikin turmi mai fesawa na injiniya, yana iya inganta ƙarfin tsarin turmi mai jika; a cikin daidaita kai, yana iya hana daidaitawa, Rarrabawa da rarrabuwa. Saboda haka, a matsayin ƙarin abu mai mahimmanci, ana amfani da cellulose ether sosai a cikin turmi mai busasshe.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-11-2023