Incamake: yitwa HPMC, ifu y'umweru cyangwa iy'umweru idakora cyangwa iy'ibinure. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa selulose kandi ikoreshwa cyane, ariko ahanini tubwirana n'abakiriya bo mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi by'ifu yumye. Selulose ikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni hypromellose.
Uburyo bwo gukora: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya HPMC: ipamba itunganyijwe, methyl chloride, propylene oxide, ibindi bikoresho by'ibanze birimo alkali, aside, toluene, isopropanol, nibindi. Sukura cellulose itunganyijwe n'umuti wa alkali kuri 35-40℃ mu gihe cy'igice cy'isaha, kanda, usya cellulose, hanyuma ushaje neza kuri 35℃, ku buryo impuzandengo ya polymerization ya fibre ya alkali yabonetse iri mu rugero rusabwa. Shyira fibre za alkali mu isafuriya yo gupima etherification, ongeramo propylene oxide na methyl chloride, hanyuma uteke ether kuri 50-80 °C mu gihe cy'amasaha 5, hamwe n'umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 1.8 MPa. Hanyuma ongeramo ingano ikwiye ya aside hydrochloric na aside oxalic mu mazi ashyushye kuri 90 °C kugira ngo woze ibikoresho kugira ngo wongere ingano. Ongera amazi ukoresheje centrifuge. Karaba kugeza igihe ntarengwa, kandi iyo ubushuhe buri mu bikoresho buri munsi ya 60%, wumishe ukoresheje umwuka ushyushye kuri 130 °C kugeza munsi ya 5%. Imikorere: kubika amazi, gukurura, kurwanya kugwa kw'amazi mu buryo bwa thixotropic, gutuma umwuka ukomeza gukora neza, no kugabanya igihe cyo kuyakoresha.
Kubika amazi: Kubika amazi ni ingenzi cyane kuri eteri ya selulosi! Mu gukora sima ya gypsum ya putty n'ibindi bikoresho, gukoresha eteri ya selulosi ni ingenzi. Kubika amazi menshi bishobora gukora neza ivu rya sima na gypsum ya kalisiyumu (uko igisubizo kirushaho kuba cyiza, niko imbaraga ziba nyinshi). Mu bihe bimwe, uko eteri ya selulosi irushaho kuba nyinshi, niko amazi arushaho kuba meza (icyuho kiri hejuru ya viscosity 100.000 kiragabanuka); uko ingano irushaho kuba nyinshi, niko amazi arushaho kuba meza, ubusanzwe ingano nto ya eteri ya selulosi ishobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya sima. Igipimo cyo kubika amazi, iyo ingano igeze ku rwego runaka, icyerekezo cyo kongera igipimo cyo kubika amazi kigenda buhoro; igipimo cyo kubika amazi cya eteri ya selulosi akenshi kigabanuka iyo ubushyuhe bw'ikirere bwiyongere, ariko zimwe muri eteri za selulosi zifite gel nyinshi nazo zigira imikorere myiza mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kubika amazi. Guhuza hagati y’uturemangingo tw’amazi n’uturemangingo twa eteri twa cellulose bituma uturemangingo tw’amazi twinjira imbere mu turemangingo twa eteri twa cellulose maze tugahabwa imbaraga zikomeye zo gufatanya, bityo bigatuma amazi yigenga, agafata amazi, kandi akanoza uburyo amazi abikwamo muri sima.
Gukomera, thixotropic no kurwanya gushonga: bitanga ubukana bwiza ku gishishwa cy’amazi! Bishobora kongera cyane uburyo gifatana hagati y’igishishwa cy’amazi n’urwego rw’ibanze, kandi bikongera imikorere yo kurwanya gushonga kwa sima. Ingaruka zo gushonga kwa eteri za selulose na zo zongerera ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira no guhuza ibikoresho bishya bivanze, bikarinda gutandukana kw’ibikoresho, gutandukanya no kuva amaraso. Ingaruka zo gushonga kwa eteri za selulose ku bikoresho bishingiye kuri sima ziva ku bukana bw’ibisubizo bya eteri ya selulose. Muri ubwo buryo, uko eteri ya selulose irushaho kuba nyinshi, ni ko ubukana bw’ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima byahinduwe burushaho kuba bwiza, ariko niba ubukana ari bwinshi cyane, bizagira ingaruka ku bunararibonye n’imikorere y’ibikoresho (nk’agakoresho gafatana n’agakoresho gapima). Sima yigenga na sima yigenga ikenera ubunararibonye bwinshi isaba ubunararibonye buke bwa eteri ya selulose. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zo gushonga kwa eteri ya selulose zizongera ubukana bw’amazi bw’ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima kandi zikongera umusaruro wa sima. Umuti w’amazi wa cellulose ether ufite ubukana bwinshi ufite thixotropy, ari nabyo biranga cellulose ether. Imiti y’amazi ya cellulose muri rusange ifite ubushobozi bwo gutembera mu buryo bwa pseudoplastic, butari thixotropic munsi y’ubushyuhe bwa gel, ariko ubushobozi bwo gutembera mu buryo bwa Newtonian ku gipimo gito cyo gukata. Ubuziranenge bwa pseudoplasticity buriyongera uko uburemere bwa molekile cyangwa ubunini bwa cellulose ether bwiyongera. Gels z’imiterere zibaho iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongere, kandi habaho urujya n’uruza rwa thixotropic rwinshi. Ether za cellulose zifite ubukana bwinshi n’ubukana buke zigaragaza thixotropy ndetse no munsi y’ubushyuhe bwa gel. Iyi miterere ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kubaka morti yo kubaka kugira ngo ihindure uburinganire bwayo n’igabanuka ryayo. Aha ni ngombwa kumenya ko uko viscosity ya cellulose ether irushaho kuba nyinshi, ni ko amazi agumana neza, ariko uko viscosity irushaho kuba nyinshi, ni ko uburemere bwa molekile ya cellulose ether burushaho kuba bwinshi, ndetse no kugabanuka k’ubushonge bwayo, bigira ingaruka mbi ku bucucike bwa mortier no gukora neza.
Impamvu: Cellulose ether ifite ingaruka zigaragara zo gushyira umwuka mu bikoresho bishya bishingiye kuri sima. Cellulose ether ifite itsinda rikunda amazi (itsinda rya hydroxyl, itsinda rya ether) n'itsinda rikunda amazi (itsinda rya methyl, impeta ya glucose), ni surfactant, ifite imikorere yo hejuru, bityo ikagira ingaruka zo gushyira umwuka mu kirere. Ingaruka zo gushyira umwuka mu kirere za ether ya cellulose zizatanga ingaruka nziza, zishobora kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho bishya bivanze, nko kongera ubuziranenge n'ubuso bw'icyuma mu gihe cyo gukora, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu gutunganya sima; bizongera kandi umusaruro w'icyuma, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora sima; ariko bizongera ubwiyongere bw'ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bigabanye imiterere yabyo nk'imbaraga na modulus yoroshye. Nk'icyuma gikoresha surfactant, ether ya cellulose ifite ingaruka zo gutosesha cyangwa gusiga amavuta ku duce twa sima, hamwe n'ingaruka zayo zo gushyira umwuka mu kirere byongera ububobere bw'ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, ariko ububobere bwayo buzagabanya ububobere. Ingaruka z'amazi ni uruvange rw'ingaruka za plasticizing n'ububobere. Iyo ingano ya eteri ya selulosi iri hasi cyane, ahanini igaragara nk'ingaruka za pulasitiki cyangwa zigabanya amazi; iyo ingano iri hejuru, ingaruka za eteri ya selulosi ziyongera vuba, kandi ingaruka zayo zo guhumeka mu mwuka zikunda kuba nyinshi, bityo imikorere irushaho kwiyongera. Ingaruka zo gucumba cyangwa kwiyongera k'ubukene bw'amazi.
Gutinda gushyiraho: Cellulose ether ishobora gutinda gushyiraho sima. Cellulose ethers itanga imiterere itandukanye y'ingirakamaro kuri sima, kandi ikagabanya gusohora ubushyuhe bwa sima mbere no gutinda gukora sima mu buryo butuma amazi agabanuka. Ibi ntibikwiye gukoreshwa mu duce dukonje. Uku gutinda guterwa no kwinjiza kwa cellulose ether ku bicuruzwa bitanga amazi nka CSH na ca (OH) 2. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro w'amazi, cellulose ether igabanya kugenda kwa iyoni mu gisubizo, bityo bigatinda gukora amazi. Uko cellulose ether yiyongera mu bikoresho bya gel y'amabuye y'agaciro, niko ingaruka zo gutinda gushyiraho amazi zigaragara cyane. Cellulose ethers ntizitinda gushyiraho gusa, ahubwo zinadindiza gukora gukomeye kwa sima. Ingaruka zo gutinda kwa cellulose ether ntiziterwa gusa n'ubwinshi bwayo muri sisitemu ya gel y'amabuye y'agaciro, ahubwo no ku miterere ya chimique. Uko methylation ya HEMC irushaho kuba nyinshi, niko ingaruka zo gutinda kwa cellulose ether ziba nziza. Ingaruka zo gutinda gushyiraho ziba zikomeye. Ariko, ubukana bwa eteri ya selulosi ntacyo buhindura ku buryo sima ikoresha amazi. Iyo eteri ya selulosi yiyongereye, igihe cyo gushyiraho sima kiriyongera cyane. Hari isano nziza hagati y’igihe cyo gushyiraho sima n’ingano ya eteri ya selulosi, kandi igihe cyo gushyiraho cya nyuma gifite isano nziza n’ingano ya eteri ya selulosi. Dushobora kugenzura igihe cyo gukora cya sima duhindura ingano ya eteri ya selulosi. Mu gicuruzwa, kigira uruhare mu kubika amazi, gukuba, gutinza imbaraga zo gusukura sima, no kunoza imikorere y’ubwubatsi. Ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika amazi butuma sima ikoresha calcium cyane, yongera cyane ubukana butose, yongera imbaraga zo guhuza sima, kandi icyarimwe ishobora kunoza neza imbaraga zo gukurura no gukata, ikongera cyane ingaruka z’ubwubatsi n’imikorere myiza. Igihe gihinduka. Inoza ubushobozi bwo gusukura cyangwa gupompa sima, ndetse n’imbaraga z’imiterere. Mu buryo nyabwo bwo kuyikoresha, ni ngombwa kumenya ubwoko, ubukana, n’ingano ya selulosi hakurikijwe ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, imiterere y’ubwubatsi, n’ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2022