Ku-mortar exutshwe kakade, inani lokwengeza le-i-cellulose etheriphansi kakhulu, kodwa ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, futhi iyisengezo esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwama-ether e-cellulose ezinhlobo ezahlukene, ukuqina okuhlukile, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezahlukene, amazinga ahlukene e-viscosity kanye namanani engeziwe kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwe-mortar e-dry powder.
Njengamanje, izitini eziningi zobumba kanye noplasta zinokusebenza okungekuhle kokugcina amanzi, futhi udaka lwamanzi luzohlukana ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-methyl cellulose ether, futhi futhi kuyindlela abakhiqizi abaningi bezinto zobumba ezixutshwe nodaka zasekhaya, ikakhulukazi labo abasezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu, abayinakayo. Izici ezithinta umphumela wokugcina amanzi wezitini zobumba ezixutshwe nodaka zihlanganisa inani le-MC elingeziwe, i-viscosity ye-MC, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kwendawo yokusetshenziswa.
1. Umqondo
I-Cellulose ether iyi-polymer yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-cellulose yemvelo ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. I-Cellulose ether iyi-derivative ye-cellulose yemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether kuhlukile kuma-polymer okwenziwa. Izinto zayo eziyisisekelo yi-cellulose, i-polymer compound yemvelo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-cellulose yemvelo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinawo amandla okusabela nama-etherification agents. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-ejenti yokuvuvukala, izibopho ezinamandla ze-hydrogen phakathi kwamaketanga e-molecule namaketanga ziyabhujiswa, futhi ukukhululwa okusebenzayo kweqembu le-hydroxyl kuba yi-reactive alkali cellulose. Thola i-cellulose ether.
Izakhiwo zama-ether e-cellulose zincike ohlotsheni, inombolo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-ether e-cellulose kusekelwe ohlotsheni lwezinto ezithatha indawo, izinga lokushiswa kwe-ether, ukuncibilika kanye nezakhiwo zokusetshenziswa ezihlobene. Ngokusho kohlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo ku-molecule chain, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-monoether kanye ne-ether exubile. Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa i-MC njenge-monoether, kanye ne-PMC njenge-ether exubile. I-Methyl cellulose ether MC ingumkhiqizo ngemuva kokuthi iqembu le-hydroxyl kuyunithi ye-glucose ye-cellulose yemvelo ithathelwe indawo yiqembu le-methoxy. Kungumkhiqizo otholakala ngokufaka ingxenye yeqembu le-hydroxyl kuyunithi neqembu le-methoxy kanye nenye ingxenye neqembu le-hydroxypropyl. Ifomula yesakhiwo yi-[C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x I-Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, lezi yizinhlobo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezithengiswa emakethe.
Ngokuphathelene nokuncibilika, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-ionic kanye ne-non-ionic. Ama-ether e-cellulose angewona i-ionic ancibilika emanzini akhiwe kakhulu uchungechunge olubili lwama-ether e-alkyl kanye nama-ether e-hydroxyalkyl. I-CMC ye-Ionic isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni okwenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni izindwangu, ekuhloleni ukudla namafutha. I-MC engewona i-ionic, i-PMC, i-HEMC, njll. isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha, ezimbozweni ze-latex, emithini, kumakhemikhali ansuku zonke, njll. Isetshenziswa njengesithambisi, i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, isiqinisi, isisabalalisi kanye ne-ejenti yokwakha ifilimu.
2. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether: Ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokwakha, ikakhulukazi udaka oluyimpuphu eyomile, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakuphindwa, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kodaka olukhethekile (udaka oluguquliwe), luyinto ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile.
Indima ebalulekile ye-cellulose ether encibilikayo emanzini ku-mortar inezici ezintathu, enye ikhono elihle kakhulu lokugcina amanzi, enye ithonya ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwe-thixotropy yo-mortar, kanti eyesithathu ukusebenzisana ne-simende. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-cellulose ether uncike ekumuncweni kwamanzi kwesendlalelo esiyisisekelo, ukwakheka komortar, ukujiya kwesendlalelo somortar, isidingo samanzi somortar, kanye nesikhathi sokusetha kwezinto zokusetha. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether uqobo kuvela ekuncibilikeni nasekuphelelweni kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether uqobo. Njengoba sonke sazi, yize uchungechunge lwama-molecule e-cellulose luqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu e-OH anomswakama kakhulu, aluncibiliki emanzini, ngoba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity.
Amandla okumanzisa amaqembu e-hydroxyl kuphela awanele ukumboza izibopho eziqinile ze-hydrogen kanye namandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwama-molecule. Ngakho-ke, ayakhukhumala kuphela kodwa awancibiliki emanzini. Lapho i-substituent ifakwa ku-molecule chain, akuyona nje i-substituent ebhubhisa uchungechunge lwe-hydrogen, kodwa futhi ne-interchain hydrogen bond iyabhujiswa ngenxa yokuhlangana kwe-substituent phakathi kwamaketanga aseduze. Lapho i-substituent inkulu, ibanga eliphakathi kwama-molecule likhulu. Lapho ibanga likhulu. Lapho umphumela omkhulu wokubhubhisa izibopho ze-hydrogen, i-cellulose ether iba yincibilika emanzini ngemva kokuba i-cellulose lattice ikhula futhi isixazululo singena, sakhe isixazululo esine-viscosity ephezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukumanzisa kwe-polymer kuba buthaka, futhi amanzi phakathi kwamaketanga ayaxoshwa. Lapho umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi wanele, ama-molecule aqala ukuhlangana, akha ijeli yesakhiwo senethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi agoqwe. Izici ezithinta ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar zifaka phakathi i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, inani elengeziwe, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kokusetshenziswa.
Uma i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether inkulu, kulapho ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono khona. I-Viscosity iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-MC. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi be-MC abahlukene basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene namathuluzi ukukala i-viscosity ye-MC. Izindlela eziyinhloko yiHaake Rotovisko, iHoppler, i-Ubbelohde kanye neBrookfield. Ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, imiphumela ye-viscosity elinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ihlukile kakhulu, futhi eminye ize ibe nomehluko ophindwe kabili. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa i-viscosity, kumele kwenziwe phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlola ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-rotor, njll.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono. Kodwa-ke, uma i-viscosity iphakeme futhi isisindo sama-molecule se-MC siphakeme, ukwehla okuhambisanayo kokuncibilika kwayo kuzoba nomthelela omubi emandleni nasekusebenzeni kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokujiya ubonakala kakhulu ku-mortar, kodwa awulingani ngokuqondile. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, kulapho i-mortar emanzi izoba yinkimbinkimbi khona, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ibonakala njengokunamathela ku-scraper kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu ku-substrate. Kodwa akusizi ukwandisa amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi uqobo. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okulwa nokuwa akubonakali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanye ama-ether e-methyl cellulose ahlanganisiwe aphakathi nendawo naphansi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi.
Uma inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether lifakwa ku-mortar, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono, futhi uma i-viscosity iphakeme, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono.
Ngokuphathelene nosayizi wezinhlayiya, uma izinhlayiya zincane, kuba ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-cellulose ether zithintana namanzi, ubuso buncibilika ngokushesha bese benza ijeli yokusonga izinto ukuze kuvinjelwe ama-molecule amanzi ukuthi angaqhubeki nokungena. Ngezinye izikhathi ayikwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo futhi ichitheke ngisho nangemva kokuxutshwa isikhathi eside, kwakha isixazululo esinamafu noma i-agglomeration. Kuthinta kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether, futhi ukuncibilika kungenye yezinto ezibangela ukukhetha i-cellulose ether.
Ubuncane buyinkomba ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC esetshenziselwa udaka oluyimpuphu eyomile iyadingeka ukuthi ibe yimpuphu, enokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi, kanti ubuncane budinga futhi u-20% ~ 60% wosayizi wezinhlayiya ukuthi ube ngaphansi kuka-63um. Ubuncane buthinta ukuncibilika kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC ecolekile ivame ukuba yi-granular, futhi kulula ukuyincibilikisa emanzini ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa, kodwa izinga lokuncibilika lihamba kancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukusetshenziswa kudaka oluyimpuphu eyomile. Kudaka oluyimpuphu eyomile, i-MC ihlakazeka phakathi kwezinto zokufaka usimende njenge-aggregate, i-fine filler kanye ne-simende, futhi i-powder encane kuphela engagwema ukuhlanganiswa kwe-methyl cellulose ether lapho ixutshwa namanzi. Uma i-MC ingezwa ngamanzi ukuze kuncibilikiswe ama-agglomerate, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlakaza nokuncibilikisa.
Ukuqina kwe-MC akugcini nje ngokuchitha imali, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amandla endawo kadoti. Uma udoti onjalo wempuphu owomile usetshenziswa endaweni enkulu, ijubane lokuqina kodoti wempuphu owomile wendawo lizoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi imifantu izovela ngenxa yezikhathi ezahlukene zokuqina. Kudoti ofuthwe ngokwakhiwa kwemishini, isidingo sokuqina siphezulu ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuxuba. Ukuqina kwe-MC nakho kunomthelela othile ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, kuma-ether e-methyl cellulose ane-viscosity efanayo kodwa ukuqina okuhlukile, ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lokwengeza, uma kuncane kakhulu kuncane kakhulu, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-MC kuhlobene nokushisa okusetshenzisiwe, kanti ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose ether kwehla ngokukhuphuka kokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zangempela, udoti owomile uvame ukufakwa ezindaweni ezishisayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (angaphezu kwama-degrees angu-40) ezindaweni eziningi, njengokuplasta kwangaphandle kodonga ngaphansi kwelanga ehlobo, okuvame ukusheshisa ukuqiniswa kwesimende kanye nokuqina kodoti owomile. Ukwehla kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kuholela emzwelweni osobala wokuthi kokubili ukusebenza kahle kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kuyathinteka, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ithonya lezici zokushisa ngaphansi kwalesi simo.
Nakubai-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etherIzithasiselo okwamanje zibhekwa njengezihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe, ukuncika kwazo ekushiseni kuzoqhubeka nokuholela ebuthakathakeni bokusebenza kodaka oluyimpuphu eyomile. Nakuba inani le-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose landa (ifomula yasehlobo), ukusebenza kahle kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Ngokwelashwa okukhethekile ku-MC, njengokwandisa izinga le-etherification, njll., umphumela wokugcina amanzi ungagcinwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-28-2024