Kwisigqubuthelo esisele sixutyiwe, isixa esongeziweyo sei-cellulose etheriphantsi kakhulu, kodwa inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, kwaye sisongezelelo esiphambili esichaphazela ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo ii-ether ze-cellulose zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, i-viscosities ezahlukeneyo, ubungakanani bee-particle ezahlukeneyo, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-viscosity kunye nobungakanani obongezelelweyo kuya kuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-mortar eyomileyo.
Okwangoku, iimortar ezininzi zokwakha ngomthi kunye neplasta azinawo amandla okugcina amanzi, kwaye uludaka lwamanzi luya kwahluka emva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kukusebenza okubalulekileyo kwe-methyl cellulose ether, kwaye kukwangumsebenzi abavelisi abaninzi bemortar yomxube owomileyo basekhaya, ingakumbi abo bakwimimandla esemazantsi enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, abawunika ingqalelo. Izinto ezichaphazela isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi semortar yomxube owomileyo ziquka ubungakanani be-MC eyongeziweyo, i-viscosity ye-MC, ubuncinci bee-particles kunye nobushushu bendawo yokusetyenziswa.
1. Ingcinga
I-Cellulose ether yi-polymer eyenziweyo eyenziwe nge-cellulose yendalo ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. I-Cellulose ether yi-derivative ye-cellulose yendalo. Ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ether kwahlukile kwii-polymers zokwenziwa. Izinto zayo ezisisiseko yi-cellulose, i-compound yendalo ye-polymer. Ngenxa yobuchule besakhiwo se-cellulose yendalo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinakho ukusabela kunye nee-agents ze-etherification. Nangona kunjalo, emva konyango lwe-agent yokudumba, ii-hydrogen bonds ezinamandla phakathi kwee-chain ze-molecular kunye nee-chain ziyatshatyalaliswa, kwaye ukukhululwa okusebenzayo kweqela le-hydroxyl kuba yi-reactive alkali cellulose. Fumana i-cellulose ether.
Iipropati zee-cellulose ethers zixhomekeke kuhlobo, inani kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Uhlu lwee-cellulose ethers lukwasekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo, inqanaba le-etherification, ukunyibilika kunye neepropati zokusetyenziswa ezinxulumene noko. Ngokweentlobo zezinto ezithatha indawo kwi-molecular chain, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether kunye ne-mixed ether. Sidla ngokusebenzisa i-MC njenge-monoether, kunye ne-PMC njenge-mixed ether. I-Methyl cellulose ether MC yimveliso emva kokuba iqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose ye-natural cellulose ithathelwe indawo liqela le-methoxy. Yimveliso efunyenwe ngokufaka inxalenye yeqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ngeqela le-methoxy kunye nenye inxalenye eneqela le-hydroxypropyl. Ifomyula yolwakhiwo yi-[C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x I-Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, ezi zezona ntlobo ziphambili ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike.
Ngokuphathelele ukunyibilika, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ionic kunye ne-non-ionic. Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezingengo-ionic zenziwe ikakhulu ngothotho lwe-alkyl ethers kunye nee-hydroxyalkyl ethers. I-Ionic CMC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiisepha zokwenziwa, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya ilaphu, uphando lokutya kunye neoyile. Ii-non-ionic MC, i-PMC, i-HEMC, njl.njl. zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwakha, kwiingubo ze-latex, kumayeza, kwiikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, njl.njl. Zisetyenziswa njenge-thickener, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-stabilizer, i-dispersant kunye ne-arhente yokwenza ifilimu.
2. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether: Ekwenzeni izixhobo zokwakha, ingakumbi i-dry powder mortar, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakutshintshwa, ingakumbi ekuveliseni i-special mortar (modral modified), yinxalenye ebalulekileyo neyimfuneko.
Indima ebalulekileyo ye-cellulose ether enyibilikayo emanzini kwi-mortar ikakhulu inemiba emithathu, enye kukugcina amanzi kakuhle, enye yimpembelelo ekuhambelaneni nasekuqineni kwe-thixotropy ye-mortar, kwaye eyesithathu kukusebenzisana nesamente. Isiphumo sokugcina amanzi se-cellulose ether sixhomekeke ekufunxeni kwamanzi kwi-base maleko, ukwakheka kwe-mortar, ubukhulu be-mortar maleko, imfuno yamanzi ye-mortar, kunye nexesha lokubeka izinto. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo kuvela ekunyibilikeni nasekuphelelweni yi-cellulose ether ngokwayo. Njengoko sonke sisazi, nangona i-cellulose molecular chain inamaqela amaninzi e-OH anokufuma kakhulu, ayinyibiliki emanzini, kuba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity.
Amandla okufunxa amanzi ee-hydroxyl groups zodwa awanelanga ukugubungela ii-hydrogen bonds ezinamandla kunye namandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwee-molecules. Ke ngoko, iyakhukhumala kuphela kodwa ayinyibiliki emanzini. Xa i-substituent ingeniswa kwi-molecular chain, ayisiyo-substituent kuphela etshabalalisa i-hydrogen chain, kodwa ne-interchain hydrogen bond iyatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokudibana kwe-substituent phakathi kwee-chain ezikufutshane. Okukhona i-substituent inkulu, kokukhona umgama phakathi kwee-molecules umkhulu. Okukhona umgama umkhulu. Okukhona isiphumo sokutshabalalisa ii-hydrogen bonds sikhulu, i-cellulose ether iba yi-water-soluble emva kokuba i-cellulose lattice isanda kwaye isisombululo singena, senza isisombululo esine-viscosity ephezulu. Xa ubushushu bunyuka, ukufunxa amanzi kwe-polymer kuyabuthathaka, kwaye amanzi phakathi kwee-chain ayakhutshwa. Xa isiphumo sokuphelelwa ngamanzi sanele, ii-molecules ziqala ukuhlangana, zenze i-network structure gel enemilinganiselo emithathu kwaye igoqwe. Izinto ezichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar ziquka i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, ubungakanani obongeziweyo, ubuncinci bee-particles kunye nobushushu bokusetyenziswa.
Okukhona i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether inkulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuphucuka. I-Viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-MC. Okwangoku, abavelisi be-MC abahlukeneyo basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity ye-MC. Iindlela eziphambili yiHaake Rotovisko, iHoppler, i-Ubbelohde kunye neBrookfield. Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo ze-viscosity ezilinganiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide zibe nomahluko ophindwe kabini. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa i-viscosity, kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kweendlela zovavanyo ezifanayo, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu kwaye ubunzima be-molecular ye-MC buphezulu, ukwehla kokunyibilika kwayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokutyeba sibonakala ngakumbi kwi-mortar, kodwa ayilingani ngokuthe ngqo. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-mortar emanzi iya kuba ne-viscous ngakumbi, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ibonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate. Kodwa akuncedi ukwandisa amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi ngokwayo. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okuchasene nokuhla akubonakali. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye i-viscosity ephakathi nephantsi kodwa i-modified methyl cellulose ethers zisebenza kakuhle ekuphuculeni amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi.
Okukhona i-cellulose ether ingaphezulu kwi-mortar, kokukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-water retention ingcono.
Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani besuntswana, okukhona isuntswana licolekile, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubhetele. Emva kokuba amasuntswana amakhulu e-cellulose ether edibana namanzi, umphezulu uyanyibilika ngoko nangoko uze wenze ijeli yokusonga izinto ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba iimolekyuli zamanzi zingaqhubeki zingena. Ngamanye amaxesha ayinakusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwaye ichithwe nasemva kokuxutywa ixesha elide, yenze isisombululo esinamafu okanye i-agglomeration. Ichaphazela kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether, kwaye ukunyibilika yenye yezinto ezibangela ukuba ukhethe i-cellulose ether.
Ubunzima bukwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC esetyenziselwa umgubo owomileyo kufuneka ibe yi-powder, enomthamo wamanzi aphantsi, kwaye ubunzulu bukwafuna i-20% ~ 60% yobukhulu be-particle ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwe-63um. Ubunzima buchaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC ecolekileyo idla ngokuba yi-granular, kwaye kulula ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa, kodwa izinga lokunyibilika licotha kakhulu, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kumgubo owomileyo. Kwi-dry powder mortar, i-MC isasazwa phakathi kwezinto zokusimisa ezifana ne-aggregate, i-fine filler kunye nesamente, kwaye yi-powder entle ngokwaneleyo kuphela enokuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-methyl cellulose ether xa ixutywa namanzi. Xa i-MC yongezwa ngamanzi ukunyibilikisa ii-agglomerates, kunzima kakhulu ukuyichitha nokuyinyibilikisa.
Ubunzima be-MC abupheleli nje ekuchitheni imali, kodwa bunciphisa namandla engingqi ye-mortar. Xa i-mortar eyomileyo enjalo isetyenziswa kwindawo enkulu, isantya sokunyanga se-mortar eyomileyo yendawo siya kuncipha kakhulu, kwaye imingxunya iya kuvela ngenxa yamaxesha ahlukeneyo okunyanga. Kwi-mortar etshiziweyo ngokwakhiwa koomatshini, imfuneko yobunzima iphezulu ngenxa yexesha elifutshane lokuxuba. Ubunzima be-MC bukwanefuthe elithile ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwayo. Ngokubanzi, kwi-methyl cellulose ethers ene-viscosity efanayo kodwa enobunzima obahlukeneyo, phantsi komlinganiselo ofanayo wokongeza, kokukhona incinci kokukhona incinci kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-MC kukwanxulumene nobushushu obusetyenziswayo, kwaye ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo zezinto ezibonakalayo, i-dry powder mortar idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (angaphezulu kwama-40 degrees) kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana ne-outer wall putty plastering phantsi kwelanga ehlotyeni, nto leyo edla ngokukhawulezisa ukucocwa kwesamente kunye nokuqina kwe-dry powder mortar. Ukwehla kwesantya sokugcinwa kwamanzi kukhokelela kwimvakalelo ecacileyo yokuba zombini ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kuyachaphazeleka, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo yezinto zobushushu phantsi kwale meko.
Nangonai-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etherIzongezo okwangoku zithathwa njengeziphambili kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ukuxhomekeka kwazo kubushushu kuya kukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kokusebenza kwe-dry powder mortar. Nangona ubungakanani be-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose bunyuswa (ifomula yasehlotyeni), ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Ngonyango oluthile olukhethekileyo kwi-MC, njengokunyusa izinga le-etherification, njl.njl., isiphumo sokugcina amanzi sinokugcinwa kubushushu obuphezulu, ukuze sikwazi ukubonelela ngokusebenza okungcono phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-28-2024