I roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu, ko te nui o te tāpiri ote etera celluloseHe tino iti, engari ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata mākū, ā, he tāpiri matua e pā ana ki te mahi hanga o te moata. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i ngā etera cellulose o ngā momo rerekē, ngā matotoru rerekē, ngā rahi matūriki rerekē, ngā nekehanga matotoru rerekē me ngā rahinga tāpiri ka pā pai ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata paura maroke.
I tēnei wā, he maha ngā moata pereki me ngā moata parai he ngoikore te pupuri wai, ā, ka wehe te paru wai i muri i ētahi meneti o te tūnga. He mahi nui te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose ether, ā, he mahi anō hoki tēnei e arohia ana e te nuinga o ngā kaihanga moata ranunga maroke o te kāinga, inā koa ko ērā kei ngā rohe tonga he nui te pāmahana. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pānga pupuri wai o te moata ranunga maroke ko te nui o te MC i tāpirihia, te matotoru o te MC, te pai o ngā matūriki me te pāmahana o te taiao whakamahi.
1. Ariā
Ko te cellulose ether he pūmua hangai i hangaia mai i te cellulose tūturu mā te whakarerekētanga matū. Ko te cellulose ether he mea ahu mai i te cellulose tūturu. He rerekē te hanga o te cellulose ether i ngā pūmua hangai. Ko tōna rauemi taketake ko te cellulose, he matū pūmua tūturu. Nā te āhua motuhake o te hanganga cellulose tūturu, kāore e taea e te cellulose tonu te tauhohe ki ngā kaihoko etherification. Heoi, i muri i te maimoatanga o te kaihoko pupuhi, ka whakangaromia ngā here hauwai kaha i waenga i ngā mekameka ngota me ngā mekameka, ā, ko te tukunga kaha o te rōpū hydroxyl ka huri hei cellulose alkali tauhohe. Whiwhi cellulose ether.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā cellulose ethers e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo, te maha me te tohatoha o ngā whakakapinga. Ko te whakarōpūtanga o ngā cellulose ethers e hangai ana hoki ki te momo o ngā whakakapinga, te taumata o te etherification, te wairewa me ngā āhuatanga tono e pā ana. E ai ki te momo o ngā whakakapinga i runga i te mekameka ngota, ka taea te wehewehe ki te monoether me te ether whakauru. I te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia e mātou te MC hei monoether, me te PMC hei ether whakauru. Ko te methyl cellulose ether MC te hua i muri i te whakakapinga o te rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te waeine glucose o te cellulose taiao ki te rōpū methoxy. He hua i whiwhihia mā te whakakapi i tētahi wāhanga o te rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te waeine me te rōpū methoxy me tētahi atu wāhanga me te rōpū hydroxypropyl. Ko te tātai hanganga ko [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, koinei ngā momo matua e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e hokona ana hoki i te mākete.
I runga i te wairewatanga, ka taea te wehewehe ki te ionic me te kore-ionic. Ko ngā ether cellulose kore-ionic wairewa-wai e rua ngā raupapa matua o ngā alkyl ether me ngā hydroxyalkyl ether. Ko te CMC ionic e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi hangai, te tā me te tae kakahu, te tūhuratanga kai me te hinu. Ko te MC kore-ionic, PMC, HEMC, me ētahi atu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi hanga, ngā paninga rapa, te rongoā, ngā matū o ia rā, me ētahi atu. Whakamahia hei whakamātotoru, hei pupuri wai, hei whakaū, hei whakamarara me hei kaihanga kiriata.
2. Te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether
Te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether: I roto i te hanga rauemi hanga, ina koa ko te moata paura maroke, he mahi nui te cellulose ether, ina koa i roto i te hanga moata motuhake (moata whakarerekētia), he waahanga nui, he mea nui hoki.
Ko te mahi nui a te cellulose ether wairewa-wai i roto i te moata, e toru ngā āhuatanga matua, ko tētahi he kaha pupuri wai pai rawa atu, ko tētahi he pānga ki te ōritetanga me te thixotropy o te moata, ā, ko te tuatoru ko te taunekeneke ki te sima. Ko te pānga pupuri wai o te cellulose ether e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mimiti wai o te paparanga turanga, te hanganga o te moata, te matotoru o te paparanga moata, te hiahia wai o te moata, me te wā whakatakoto o te rauemi whakatakoto. Ko te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether tonu i ahu mai i te wairewatanga me te maroke o te cellulose ether tonu. E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ahakoa he maha ngā rōpū OH tino wai i roto i te mekameka ngota cellulose, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, nā te mea he teitei te taumata o te tioata o te hanganga cellulose.
Kāore e ranea te kaha whakamakuku o ngā rōpū hydroxyl anake ki te taupoki i ngā here hauwai kaha me ngā kaha van der Waals i waenga i ngā ngota. Nō reira, ka pupuhi noa iho engari kāore e memeha ki te wai. Ina whakaurua he whakakapinga ki roto i te mekameka ngota, ehara i te mea ko te whakakapinga anake ka whakangaro i te mekameka hauwai, engari ka ngaro hoki te here hauwai i waenga i ngā mekameka nā te herenga o te whakakapinga i waenga i ngā mekameka tata. Ko te nui ake o te whakakapinga, ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā ngota. Ko te tawhiti nui ake. Ko te nui ake o te pānga o te whakangaro i ngā here hauwai, ka wairewa te cellulose ether i muri i te whānui o te whatunga cellulose me te urunga o te otinga, ka hanga he otinga matotoru teitei. Ina piki te pāmahana, ka ngoikore te whakamakuku o te polymer, ā, ka peia te wai i waenga i ngā mekameka. Ina nui te pānga whakamakuku, ka tīmata te kohikohi o ngā ngota, ka hanga he hanganga whatunga toru-ahu ka whakapikohia. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pupuri wai o te moata ko te matotoru o te cellulose ether, te nui i tāpirihia, te pai o ngā matūriki me te pāmahana whakamahinga.
Ko te nui ake o te matotoru o te cellulose ether, ko te pai ake o te mahi pupuri wai. Ko te matotoru he tawhā nui o te mahi MC. I tēnei wā, he rerekē ngā tikanga me ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e ngā kaihanga MC rerekē hei ine i te matotoru o te MC. Ko ngā tikanga matua ko Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde me Brookfield. Mō te hua kotahi, he tino rerekē ngā hua matotoru i inehia e ngā tikanga rerekē, ā, he ruarua ngā rerekētanga o ētahi. Nō reira, ina whakatauritehia te matotoru, me whakahaere i waenga i ngā tikanga whakamātautau kotahi, tae atu ki te pāmahana, te rotor, me ētahi atu.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te pai ake o te pānga pupuri wai. Heoi, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru me te teitei ake o te taumaha ngota o te MC, ko te whakahekenga rite o tōna wairewa ka pā kino ki te kaha me te mahi hanga o te moata. Ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te kitea ake o te pānga matotoru ki te moata, engari kāore i te ōrite tika. Ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te matotoru ake o te moata mākū, arā, i te wā hanga, ka kitea he piri ki te waru me te piri nui ki te papa. Engari kāore e whai hua te whakanui ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata mākū tonu. I te wā hanga, kāore e kitea te mahi ārai-totoka. I tetahi atu taha, ko ētahi matotoru reo me te iti engari he methyl cellulose ethers kua whakarerekētia he mahi tino pai ki te whakapai ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata mākū.
Ko te nui ake o te cellulose ether e tāpirihia ana ki te moata, ka pai ake te mahi pupuri wai, ā, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ka pai ake te mahi pupuri wai.
Mō te rahi o te matūriki, ko te angiangi o te matūriki, ko te pai ake o te pupuri wai. I muri i te pa o ngā matūriki nunui o te cellulose ether ki te wai, ka rewa tonu te mata ka hanga he kirikiri hei takai i te rauemi hei ārai i ngā ngota wai kei uru tonu. I ētahi wā, kāore e taea te marara noa, te rewa rānei ahakoa te roa o te whakaoho, ka hanga he wairewa pūngāwerewere, he ranunga rānei. He nui te pānga ki te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether, ā, ko te wairewatanga tētahi o ngā āhuatanga mō te whiriwhiri i te cellulose ether.
Ko te pai o te āhua he tohu mahi nui anō hoki mō te methyl cellulose ether. Ko te MC e whakamahia ana mō te moata paura maroke me paura, he iti te wai, ā, ko te pai o te āhua me iti iho i te 63um te 20%~60% o te rahi o te matūriki. Ka pā te pai o te āhua ki te wairewatanga o te methyl cellulose ether. Ko te MC matotoru he kirikiri te nuinga o te wā, ā, he ngāwari ki te wairewa ki te wai me te kore e whakakotahi, engari he tino puhoi te tere wairewa, nō reira kāore e pai mō te whakamahi i roto i te moata paura maroke. I roto i te moata paura maroke, ka marara te MC ki waenga i ngā rauemi whakapiri pēnei i te konganuku, te whakakī pai me te sima, ā, ko te paura pai anake ka taea te karo i te whakakotahitanga o te methyl cellulose ether ina whakaranua ki te wai. Ina tāpirihia te MC ki te wai hei wairewa i ngā whakakotahi, he tino uaua ki te marara me te wairewa.
Ehara i te mea he maumau noa te matotoru o te MC, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te kaha ā-rohe o te moata. Ina whakamahia tētahi moata paura maroke pēnei ki tētahi wāhi nui, ka tino heke te tere o te whakamaroke o te moata paura maroke ā-rohe, ā, ka puta he pakaru nā ngā wā whakamaroke rerekē. Mō te moata rehuhia me te hanganga miihini, ka nui ake te hiahia mō te matotoru nā te poto o te wā whakaranu. He pānga anō tō te matotoru o te MC ki tōna pupuri wai. I te nuinga o te wā, mō ngā etera methyl cellulose he rite te matotoru engari he rerekē te matotoru, i raro i te nui o te tāpiri, ko te matotoru ake o te matotoru ake o te moata, ka pai ake te pupuri wai.
E pā ana hoki te pupuri wai o te MC ki te pāmahana e whakamahia ana, ā, ka heke te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose ether i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Heoi, i roto i ngā tono rauemi tūturu, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te moata paura maroke ki ngā papa wera i ngā pāmahana teitei (neke atu i te 40 nekehanga) i roto i ngā taiao maha, pērā i te paninga putty pakitara o waho i raro i te rā i te raumati, ka tere ake te whakamaroke o te sima me te whakapakeke o te moata paura maroke. Ko te hekenga o te tere pupuri wai ka puta te whakaaro e pāngia ana te kaha mahi me te ātete pakaru, ā, he mea tino nui kia whakaitihia te awe o ngā āhuatanga pāmahana i raro i tēnei āhuatanga.
Ahakoamethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etherE kiia ana ko ngā tāpiringa kei te ara mua o te whanaketanga hangarau i tēnei wā, ko te whakawhirinaki ki te pāmahana ka arahi tonu ki te ngoikore o te mahi a te moata paura maroke. Ahakoa te nui o te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose kua whakanuia (tātai raumati), kāore tonu te kaha mahi me te ātete pakaru e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te whakamahinga. Mā te whakamahi i ētahi maimoatanga motuhake ki te MC, pērā i te whakanui ake i te taumata o te etherification, me ētahi atu, ka taea te pupuri i te pānga pupuri wai i te pāmahana teitei ake, kia pai ake ai te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua.
Wā tuku: 28 Paenga-whāwhā 2024