A cikin turmi mai gauraye, adadin ƙarincellulose etheryana da ƙasa sosai, amma yana iya inganta aikin turmi mai jika sosai, kuma babban ƙari ne wanda ke shafar aikin ginin turmi. Zaɓin da ya dace na ethers cellulose iri-iri, viscosities daban-daban, girman barbashi daban-daban, matakan danko daban-daban da ƙarin adadi zai yi tasiri mai kyau akan inganta aikin turmi busasshe.
A halin yanzu, turmi da yawa na dutse da na filastik ba su da aikin riƙe ruwa mai kyau, kuma ruwan zai rabu bayan 'yan mintuna kaɗan na tsayawa. Rike ruwa muhimmin aiki ne na methyl cellulose ether, kuma aiki ne da yawancin masana'antun turmi na busassun kayan gida, musamman waɗanda ke yankunan kudu masu zafi mai yawa, ke mai da hankali a kai. Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin riƙe ruwa na turmi na busassun kayan lambu sun haɗa da adadin MC da aka ƙara, ɗanɗanon MC, ɗanɗanon barbashi da zafin yanayin amfani.
1. Ra'ayi
Cellulose ether wani nau'in polymer ne da aka yi daga cellulose na halitta ta hanyar gyaran sinadarai. Cellulose ether wani nau'in cellulose ne da aka samo daga cellulose na halitta. Samar da cellulose ether ya bambanta da polymers na roba. Mafi mahimmancin kayansa shine cellulose, wani mahaɗin polymer na halitta. Saboda takamaiman tsarin cellulose na halitta, cellulose kanta ba ta da ikon yin aiki tare da wakilan etherification. Duk da haka, bayan maganin maganin kumburi, haɗin hydrogen mai ƙarfi tsakanin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta da sarƙoƙi suna lalacewa, kuma sakin ƙungiyar hydroxyl mai aiki ya zama cellulose mai amsawa. Sami cellulose ether.
Halayen ethers na cellulose sun dogara ne akan nau'in, adadi da rarrabawar abubuwan maye. Rarraba ethers na cellulose kuma ya dogara ne akan nau'in abubuwan maye, matakin etherification, narkewa da halayen aikace-aikacen da suka shafi hakan. Dangane da nau'in abubuwan maye akan sarkar kwayoyin halitta, ana iya raba shi zuwa monoether da gauraye ether. Yawancin lokaci muna amfani da MC azaman monoether, da PMC azaman gauraye ether. Methyl cellulose ether MC shine samfurin bayan an maye gurbin rukunin hydroxyl akan sashin glucose na cellulose na halitta da rukunin methoxy. Samfuri ne da aka samu ta hanyar maye gurbin wani ɓangare na rukunin hydroxyl akan naúrar tare da rukunin methoxy da wani ɓangare tare da rukunin hydroxypropyl. Tsarin tsarin shine [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, waɗannan sune manyan nau'ikan da ake amfani da su sosai kuma ana sayarwa a kasuwa.
Dangane da narkewar sinadaran, ana iya raba shi zuwa ionic da non-ionic. Ethers cellulose marasa ionic masu narkewa cikin ruwa galibi sun ƙunshi jerin alkyl ethers guda biyu da hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ana amfani da Ionic CMC galibi a cikin sabulun sabulu na roba, buga yadi da rini, binciken abinci da mai. Ana amfani da Non-ionic MC, PMC, HEMC, da sauransu galibi a cikin kayan gini, shafa latex, magani, sinadarai na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Ana amfani da su azaman mai kauri, wakilin riƙe ruwa, mai daidaita, mai wargazawa da wakilin samar da fim.
2. Rike ruwa na cellulose ether
Rikewar cellulose ether a cikin ruwa: A cikin samar da kayan gini, musamman busasshen turmi, cellulose ether yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, musamman a cikin samar da turmi na musamman (turmi da aka gyara), abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci.
Muhimmin rawar da cellulose ether mai narkewa a cikin turmi ke takawa a cikin turmi galibi yana da fannoni uku, ɗaya shine ingantaccen ƙarfin riƙe ruwa, ɗayan kuma shine tasirin da ke kan daidaito da thixotropy na turmi, na uku kuma shine hulɗa da siminti. Tasirin riƙe ruwa na cellulose ether ya dogara ne akan sha ruwa na layin tushe, abun da turmi ke ciki, kauri na layin turmi, buƙatar ruwa na turmi, da lokacin saita kayan saitawa. Rike ruwa na cellulose ether da kansa ya fito ne daga narkewa da bushewar cellulose ether da kanta. Kamar yadda muka sani, kodayake sarkar kwayoyin cellulose tana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na ƙungiyoyin OH masu ruwa sosai, ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, saboda tsarin cellulose yana da babban matakin crystallinity.
Ikon ruwa na ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl kaɗai bai isa ya rufe ƙarfin haɗin hydrogen da ƙarfin van der Waals tsakanin ƙwayoyin ba. Saboda haka, yana kumbura kawai amma ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa. Lokacin da aka shigar da wani madadin cikin sarkar ƙwayoyin halitta, ba wai kawai madadin yana lalata sarkar hydrogen ba, har ma haɗin hydrogen na interchain yana lalacewa saboda haɗin madadin tsakanin sarƙoƙi masu maƙwabtaka. Mafi girman madadin, mafi girman nisa tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta. Mafi girman nisa. Mafi girman tasirin lalata haɗin hydrogen, cellulose ether yana narkewa cikin ruwa bayan layin cellulose ya faɗaɗa kuma maganin ya shiga, yana samar da mafita mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ruwan polymer ɗin yana rauni, kuma ruwan da ke tsakanin sarƙoƙi yana fita. Lokacin da tasirin bushewa ya isa, ƙwayoyin suna fara taruwa, suna samar da gel na tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku kuma suna naɗewa. Abubuwan da ke shafar riƙe ruwa na turmi sun haɗa da danko na cellulose ether, adadin da aka ƙara, ƙarancin barbashi da zafin amfani.
Girman danko na cellulose ether, haka nan ingancin aikin riƙe ruwa yake. Danko muhimmin ma'auni ne na aikin MC. A halin yanzu, masana'antun MC daban-daban suna amfani da hanyoyi da kayan aiki daban-daban don auna danko na MC. Manyan hanyoyin sune Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde da Brookfield. Ga samfurin iri ɗaya, sakamakon danko da aka auna ta hanyoyi daban-daban ya bambanta sosai, kuma wasu ma suna da bambance-bambance ninki biyu. Saboda haka, lokacin kwatanta danko, dole ne a yi shi tsakanin hanyoyin gwaji iri ɗaya, gami da zafin jiki, rotor, da sauransu.
Gabaɗaya dai, idan girman danko ya yi yawa, to tasirin riƙe ruwa zai fi kyau. Duk da haka, idan girman danko ya yi yawa da kuma girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na MC, raguwar narkewar sa zai yi mummunan tasiri ga ƙarfi da aikin ginin turmi. Yayin da girman danko ya yi yawa, to tasirin kauri a turmi zai bayyana, amma ba daidai yake ba. Yayin da girman danko ya yi yawa, tofin da ya yi yawa zai yi yawa, wato, yayin gini, yana bayyana a matsayin manne wa abin gogewa da kuma mannewa mai yawa ga substrate. Amma ba shi da amfani a ƙara ƙarfin tsarin turmi da ya yi yawa. A lokacin gini, aikin hana sag ba a bayyane yake ba. Akasin haka, wasu ethers na methyl cellulose masu matsakaici da ƙarancin danko amma waɗanda aka gyara suna da kyakkyawan aiki wajen inganta ƙarfin tsarin turmi da ya yi yawa.
Mafi girman adadin cellulose ether da aka ƙara a cikin turmi, mafi kyawun aikin riƙe ruwa, da kuma yawan ɗanko, mafi kyawun aikin riƙe ruwa.
Dangane da girman barbashi, gwargwadon yadda barbashi ya fi kyau, haka nan ma riƙe ruwa zai fi kyau. Bayan manyan barbashi na cellulose ether sun haɗu da ruwa, saman zai narke nan take ya samar da gel don naɗe kayan don hana ƙwayoyin ruwa ci gaba da shiga. Wani lokaci ba za a iya warwatse shi gaba ɗaya ba ko da bayan an daɗe ana juyawa, yana samar da ruwan da ke ɗauke da gajimare ko haɗuwa. Yana shafar riƙe ruwa na cellulose ether, kuma narkewa yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da zaɓar cellulose ether.
Fineness kuma muhimmin ma'aunin aiki ne na methyl cellulose ether. Ana buƙatar MC da ake amfani da shi don busasshen turmi ya zama foda, tare da ƙarancin ruwa, kuma fineness ɗin yana buƙatar kashi 20% ~ 60% na girman barbashi ya zama ƙasa da 63um. Fineness ɗin yana shafar narkewar methyl cellulose ether. MC mai kauri yawanci yana da granular, kuma yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa ba tare da haɗuwa ba, amma saurin narkewa yana da jinkiri sosai, don haka bai dace da amfani da shi a cikin busasshen turmi ba. A cikin busasshen turmi, MC yana warwatse tsakanin kayan siminti kamar tarawa, filler mai kyau da siminti, kuma foda mai kyau kawai zai iya guje wa haɗar methyl cellulose ether lokacin haɗawa da ruwa. Lokacin da aka ƙara MC da ruwa don narkar da agglomerates, yana da matukar wahala a warwatse da narkar da shi.
Tsantsar MC ba wai kawai ɓatarwa ba ce, har ma tana rage ƙarfin turmi na gida. Idan aka shafa irin wannan turmi busasshe a babban yanki, saurin wargaza turmi busasshe na gida zai ragu sosai, kuma tsagewa za su bayyana saboda lokutan wargazawa daban-daban. Ga turmi da aka fesa tare da ginin injiniya, buƙatar laushi ya fi girma saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin haɗawa. Tsantsar MC kuma tana da wani tasiri kan riƙe ruwa. Gabaɗaya, ga ethers na methyl cellulose masu ɗanko iri ɗaya amma suna da ɗanko daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin adadin ƙari iri ɗaya, mafi ƙanƙanta mafi kyawun tasirin riƙe ruwa.
Rikewar ruwa na MC yana da alaƙa da zafin da ake amfani da shi, kuma riƙewar ruwa na methyl cellulose ether yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki. Duk da haka, a aikace-aikacen kayan aiki na gaske, ana amfani da turmi busasshe a kan abubuwan da ke da zafi a yanayin zafi mai yawa (fiye da digiri 40) a wurare da yawa, kamar shafa fenti a bango a ƙarƙashin rana a lokacin rani, wanda sau da yawa yana hanzarta Warkewa da siminti da taurare busasshen turmi. Ragewar yawan riƙe ruwa yana haifar da jin cewa ƙarfin aiki da juriyar tsagewa suna shafar, kuma yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a rage tasirin abubuwan zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin.
Duk da cewamethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etherAna ɗaukar ƙarin abubuwa a matsayin waɗanda ke kan gaba a ci gaban fasaha, amma dogaro da su kan zafin jiki zai ci gaba da haifar da rauni ga aikin turmi busasshe. Duk da cewa adadin methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ya ƙaru (tsarin bazara), ƙarfin aiki da juriyar tsagewa har yanzu ba za su iya biyan buƙatun amfani ba. Ta hanyar wasu jiyya na musamman akan MC, kamar ƙara matakin etherification, da sauransu, ana iya kiyaye tasirin riƙe ruwa a mafi yawan zafin jiki, don haka zai iya samar da ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin mawuyacin yanayi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-28-2024