Mu matope osakaniza okonzeka, kuchuluka kwaether ya cellulosendi yotsika kwambiri, koma imatha kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a matope onyowa, ndipo ndi chowonjezera chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a matope omangira. Kusankha koyenera kwa ma ether a cellulose amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukhuthala kosiyanasiyana, kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, madigiri osiyanasiyana a kukhuthala ndi kuchuluka kowonjezera kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a matope ouma.
Pakadali pano, matope ambiri opangidwa ndi miyala ndi pulasitala ali ndi mphamvu yocheperako yosunga madzi, ndipo matope amadzi amalekanitsidwa atatha mphindi zochepa ataima. Kusunga madzi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya methyl cellulose ether, ndipo ndi ntchito yomwe opanga matope ambiri opangidwa ndi nyumba, makamaka omwe ali m'madera akum'mwera okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, amasamala. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yosunga madzi ya matope opangidwa ndi miyala ndi monga kuchuluka kwa MC yowonjezera, kukhuthala kwa MC, kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kutentha kwa malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
1. Lingaliro
Cellulose ether ndi polima yopangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe kudzera mu kusintha kwa mankhwala. Cellulose ether ndi yochokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe. Kupanga kwa cellulose ether ndi kosiyana ndi ma polima opangidwa. Zinthu zake zofunika kwambiri ndi cellulose, chinthu chachilengedwe cha polymer. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka cellulose yachilengedwe, cellulose yokha ilibe mphamvu yochitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zoyeretsera. Komabe, pambuyo pochiza chotupa, ma hydrogen amphamvu pakati pa unyolo wa mamolekyu ndi unyolo amawonongeka, ndipo kutulutsidwa kwa hydroxyl kumayamba kukhala reactive alkali cellulose. Pezani cellulose ether.
Katundu wa ma ether a cellulose amadalira mtundu, chiwerengero ndi kufalikira kwa ma ether. Kugawidwa kwa ma ether a cellulose kumadaliranso mtundu wa ma ether, kuchuluka kwa ether, kusungunuka ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi mtundu wa ma ether omwe ali pa unyolo wa molekyulu, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: monoether ndi mixed ether. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito MC ngati monoether, ndipo PMC ngati mixed ether. Methyl cellulose ether MC ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika pambuyo poti gulu la hydroxyl pa unit ya glucose ya natural cellulose limalowetsedwa m'malo mwa gulu la methoxy. Ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka posintha gawo la gulu la hydroxyl pa unit ndi gulu la methoxy ndi gawo lina ndi gulu la hydroxypropyl. Fomula yomangira ndi [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, awa ndi mitundu yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yogulitsidwa pamsika.
Ponena za kusungunuka, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu a ionic ndi non-ionic. Ma ether a cellulose osungunuka m'madzi amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma ether awiri a alkyl ndi ma ether a hydroxyalkyl. Ionic CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sopo yopangira, kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto nsalu, kufufuza chakudya ndi mafuta. Non-ionic MC, PMC, HEMC, ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zipangizo zomangira, zokutira za latex, mankhwala, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi zina zotero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala, chosungira madzi, chokhazikika, chosungunula ndi chopangira filimu.
2. Kusunga madzi kwa efa ya cellulose
Kusunga madzi kwa etha ya cellulose: Pakupanga zipangizo zomangira, makamaka matope ouma, etha ya cellulose imagwira ntchito yosasinthika, makamaka pakupanga matope apadera (matope osinthidwa), ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lofunikira.
Udindo wofunikira wa etha yosungunuka m'madzi mu matope uli ndi mbali zitatu, imodzi ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosungira madzi, ina ndi momwe matope amagwirira ntchito komanso thixotropy, ndipo yachitatu ndi momwe simenti imagwirira ntchito. Mphamvu yosungira madzi ya etha yosungunuka m'madzi imadalira kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa gawo loyambira, kapangidwe ka matope, makulidwe a gawo losungunuka, kufunika kwa madzi kwa matope, komanso nthawi yoyika zinthu. Kusunga madzi kwa etha yosungunuka m'madzi kumachokera ku kusungunuka ndi kuchepa kwa madzi kwa etha yosungunuka m'madzi. Monga tonse tikudziwira, ngakhale kuti unyolo wa maselo a cellulose uli ndi magulu ambiri a OH omwe amatha kusungunuka, susungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa kapangidwe ka cellulose kali ndi kristalo wambiri.
Mphamvu ya hydration ya magulu a hydroxyl yokha sikokwanira kuphimba ma hydrogen bond amphamvu ndi mphamvu za van der Waals pakati pa mamolekyulu. Chifukwa chake, imangotupa koma siisungunuka m'madzi. Pamene chosinthira chilowetsedwa mu unyolo wa mamolekyulu, sikuti chosinthiracho chimawononga unyolo wa hydrogen, komanso cholumikizira cha hydrogen cholumikizana chimawonongeka chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa chosinthira pakati pa ma chain oyandikana nawo. Chosinthiracho chikakhala chachikulu, mtunda pakati pa mamolekyulu umakhala waukulu. Mtunda ukakhala waukulu. Zotsatira zazikulu zowononga ma hydrogen bond, cellulose ether imakhala yosungunuka m'madzi pambuyo poti cellulose lattice yakula ndipo yankho limalowa, ndikupanga yankho la high-viscosity. Kutentha kukakwera, hydration ya polima imafooka, ndipo madzi pakati pa ma chain amatulutsidwa. Pamene mphamvu ya hydration imakhala yokwanira, mamolekyu amayamba kusonkhana, kupanga gel yokhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu ndikupindika. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusunga madzi mu matope ndi monga kukhuthala kwa cellulose ether, kuchuluka komwe kumawonjezedwa, kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose kukakula, kumakhala bwino kwambiri pakusunga madzi. Kukhuthala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa MC. Pakadali pano, opanga osiyanasiyana a MC amagwiritsa ntchito njira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana poyesa kukhuthala kwa MC. Njira zazikulu ndi Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde ndi Brookfield. Pa chinthu chomwecho, zotsatira za kukhuthala zomwe zimayesedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo zina zimakhala ndi kusiyana kawiri. Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza kukhuthala, ziyenera kuchitika pakati pa njira zomwezo zoyesera, kuphatikiza kutentha, rotor, ndi zina zotero.
Kawirikawiri, kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Komabe, kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu komanso kulemera kwa molekyulu ya MC, kuchepa kofanana kwa kusungunuka kwake kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope. Kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa matope kumakhala koonekera bwino, koma sikufanana mwachindunji. Kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa matope onyowa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, ndiko kuti, panthawi yomanga, kumaonekera ngati kumamatira ku scraper ndi kumamatira kwambiri ku substrate. Koma sizothandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu ya matope onyowa okha. Panthawi yomanga, mphamvu yotsutsana ndi kusagwa siidziwika. M'malo mwake, ma ether ena apakatikati ndi otsika koma osinthidwa a methyl cellulose ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pakukweza mphamvu ya matope onyowa.
Kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose yomwe yawonjezeredwa ku matope, kumakhala bwino kusunga madzi, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino kusunga madzi.
Ponena za kukula kwa tinthu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikakhala tating'onoting'ono, madzi amasungidwa bwino. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta cellulose ether tikakumana ndi madzi, pamwamba pake pamadziwo timasungunuka nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga gel yokulunga zinthuzo kuti mamolekyu amadzi asapitirire kulowa. Nthawi zina sizingafalitsidwe mofanana ndikusungunuka ngakhale mutasakaniza kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikupanga yankho la mitambo kapena agglomeration. Zimakhudza kwambiri kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa cellulose ether, ndipo kusungunuka ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa posankha cellulose ether.
Kusalala ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha ntchito ya methyl cellulose ether. MC yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matope ouma amafunika kukhala ufa, wokhala ndi madzi ochepa, ndipo kusalala kwake kumafunanso 20% ~ 60% ya kukula kwa tinthu kuti ikhale yochepera 63um. Kusalala kumeneku kumakhudza kusungunuka kwa methyl cellulose ether. MC yolimba nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi granular, ndipo imakhala yosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi popanda kusonkhana, koma kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumakhala pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, kotero sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope ouma. Mu matope ouma, MC imafalikira pakati pa zinthu zomangira simenti monga aggregate, final filler ndi simenti, ndipo ufa wokwanira wokha ndi womwe ungapewe kusonkhana kwa methyl cellulose ether mukasakaniza ndi madzi. MC ikawonjezedwa ndi madzi kuti isungunuke ma agglomerate, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kufalitsa ndi kusungunula.
Kusalala kwa MC sikuti kungowononga ndalama zokha, komanso kumachepetsa mphamvu ya matope. Pamene matope ouma oterewa agwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo akuluakulu, liwiro louma la matope ouma otere lidzachepa kwambiri, ndipo ming'alu idzawonekera chifukwa cha nthawi zosiyanasiyana zouma. Pa matope opopera omwe amapangidwa ndi makina, kufunika kwa matope osalala kumakhala kwakukulu chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa yosakaniza. Kusalala kwa MC kumakhudzanso kusunga madzi. Kawirikawiri, pa ma ether a methyl cellulose omwe ali ndi kukhuthala komweko koma kusalala kosiyana, pansi pa kuchuluka komweko kowonjezera, kusalala kwambiri kumakhala bwino pakusunga madzi.
Kusunga madzi kwa MC kumagwirizananso ndi kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kusunga madzi kwa methyl cellulose ether kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zenizeni, matope owuma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zotentha kutentha kwambiri (koposa madigiri 40) m'malo ambiri, monga kuyika pulasitala padenga lakunja pansi pa dzuwa nthawi yachilimwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathandizira Kukonza simenti ndi kuuma kwa matope owuma. Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kumabweretsa kumverera koonekeratu kuti kukana kugwira ntchito komanso kukana ming'alu kumakhudzidwa, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu zotentha pansi pa vutoli.
Ngakhalemethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etherZowonjezera pakali pano zikuonedwa kuti zili patsogolo pa chitukuko cha ukadaulo, kudalira kwawo kutentha kudzapangitsabe kufooka kwa magwiridwe antchito a matope ouma. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose kukuwonjezeka (njira yachilimwe), kulimba kwa ntchito ndi kukana ming'alu sikungathe kukwaniritsa zosowa zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudzera mu chithandizo chapadera pa MC, monga kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa etherification, ndi zina zotero, mphamvu yosungira madzi imatha kusungidwa kutentha kwambiri, kuti ipereke magwiridwe antchito abwino pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2024