Muhari yakasanganiswa yakagadzirwa, huwandu hwekuwedzera hweether ye celluloseyakaderera zvikuru, asi inogona kuvandudza mashandiro emota yakanyorova, uye chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa mashandiro emota. Kusarudzwa kwakanaka kwe cellulose ethers dzemhando dzakasiyana, viscosity dzakasiyana, saizi dzakasiyana dzezvimedu, madhigirii akasiyana ekusimba uye huwandu hwakawedzerwa zvichave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuvandudzwa kwebasa remota yakanyorova.
Parizvino, madhaka mazhinji ekugadzira nekugadzira mapurasita haana simba rakawanda rekuchengetedza mvura, uye matope emvura anozopatsanuka mushure memaminitsi mashoma akamira. Kuchengetedza mvura ibasa rakakosha remethyl cellulose ether, uye ibasa iro vagadziri vedhaka rekugadzira madhaka emumba, kunyanya avo vari kumaodzanyemba ane tembiricha yakakwira, vanoteerera. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza mvura yedhaka rekugadzira madhaka ekugadzira madhaka zvinosanganisira huwandu hweMC yakawedzerwa, viscosity yeMC, kupfava kwezvidimbu uye tembiricha yenzvimbo yekushandisa.
1. Pfungwa
Cellulose ether ipolymer yakagadzirwa kubva kucellulose yechisikigo kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemakemikari. Cellulose ether inobva kucellulose yechisikigo. Kugadzirwa kwecellulose ether kwakasiyana nemapolymer ekugadzira. Chinhu chayo chikuru icellulose, musanganiswa wepolymer wechisikigo. Nekuda kwehunhu hwechimiro checellulose yechisikigo, cellulose pachayo haina kugona kuita ne etherification agents. Zvisinei, mushure mekurapwa kwemushonga wekuzvimba, hydrogen bonds yakasimba pakati pemaketani emamorekuru nemaketani inoparadzwa, uye kusunungurwa kwehydroxyl group kunova reactive alkali cellulose. Wana cellulose ether.
Hunhu hwema ether e cellulose hunoenderana nerudzi, huwandu uye kugoverwa kwezvinotsiva. Kurongwa kwe ether e cellulose kunoenderanawo nerudzi rwezvinotsiva, mwero we etherification, kunyungudika uye hunhu hwakabatana hwekushandisa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinotsiva pa molecular chain, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita monoether ne mixed ether. Tinowanzo shandisa MC se monoether, uye PMC se mixed ether. Methyl cellulose ether MC chigadzirwa mushure mekunge hydroxyl group iri pa glucose unit ye natural cellulose yatsiviwa ne methoxy group. Ichi chigadzirwa chinowanikwa nekutsiva chikamu che hydroxyl group pa unit ne methoxy group uye chimwe chikamu ne hydroxypropyl group. Fomura yechimiro ndeiyi [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, idzi ndidzo mhando huru dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye dzinotengeswa mumusika.
Panyaya yekunyungudika, inogona kukamurwa kuita ionic neisina ionic. Ma ether e non-ionic cellulose anonyungudika mumvura anonyanya kuumbwa ne alkyl ethers mbiri dzakatevedzana uye hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ionic CMC inonyanya kushandiswa mu sipo dzekugadzira, kudhinda nekudhaya machira, kutsvaga chikafu nemafuta. Non-ionic MC, PMC, HEMC, nezvimwewo zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukuvaka, latex coatings, mishonga, makemikari ezuva nezuva, nezvimwewo. Anoshandiswa se thickener, water retaining agent, stabilizer, dispersant uye film forming agent.
2. Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe cellulose ether
Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe cellulose ether: Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, kunyanya dry powder mortar, cellulose ether ine basa risingatsiviwi, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwe special mortar (modified mortar), chinhu chakakosha uye chisingakoshi.
Basa rakakosha re ether inonyungudika mumvura mumota rine zvinhu zvitatu, chimwe ndechekuti inogona kuchengetedza mvura zvakanaka, chimwe ndechekuti dombo rinokanganisa sei kuenderana kwemota uye thixotropy, uye chechitatu ndechekuti inoshanda sei nesimende. Kuchengetedza mvura kwe ether ye cellulose kunoenderana nekunyudzwa kwemvura kwechikamu chepasi, kuumbwa kwemota, ukobvu hwechikamu chemota, kudiwa kwemvura kwemota, uye nguva yekuiswa kwezvinhu. Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe ether ye cellulose pachayo kunobva mukunyungudika uye kupera simba kwe cellulose ether pachayo. Sezvatinoziva tese, kunyangwe cellulose molecular chain ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe OH groups dzinokwanisa kunyorova zvakanyanya, hainyungudike mumvura, nekuti chimiro che cellulose chine mwero wepamusoro we crystallinity.
Kugona kwehydroxyl groups chete kunyorovesa mvura hakuna kukwana kufukidza simba rehydrogen bonds uye van der Waals masimba pakati pemamorekuru. Saka, inongozvimba chete asi hainyungudike mumvura. Kana chinhu chinotsiva chikaiswa mu molecular chain, kwete chete chinhu chinotsiva chinoparadza hydrogen chain, asiwo interchain hydrogen bond inoparadzwa nekuda kwekubatana kwechinhu chinotsiva pakati pemaketani ari pedyo. Chinhu chinotsiva chikakura, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rakakura. Daro riri kure. Kana mhedzisiro yekuparadza hydrogen bonds yakakura, cellulose ether inonyungudika mumvura mushure mekunge cellulose lattice yawedzera uye mhinduro ichipinda, ichigadzira mhinduro ine viscosity yakawanda. Kana tembiricha yakwira, hydration yepolymer inoderera, uye mvura iri pakati pemaketani inodzingwa. Kana mhedzisiro yekushaya mvura yakakwana, mamorekuru anotanga kuungana, achigadzira gel yechimiro che network ine mativi matatu uye inopetwa. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuchengetedza mvura yemortar zvinosanganisira viscosity ye cellulose ether, huwandu hwakawedzerwa, kupfava kwezvikamu uye tembiricha yekushandisa.
Kana viscosity ye cellulose ether yakakura, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kuwedzere. Viscosity ndiyo parameter inokosha yekushanda kweMC. Parizvino, vagadziri veMC vakasiyana vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana uye zvishandiso kuyera viscosity yeMC. Nzira huru ndiHaake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde naBrookfield. Pachigadzirwa chimwe chete, viscosity yakawanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana yakasiyana zvikuru, uye dzimwe dzine musiyano wakapetwa kaviri. Saka, kana tichienzanisa viscosity, inofanira kuitwa pakati penzira dzakafanana dzekuedza, kusanganisira tembiricha, rotor, nezvimwewo.
Kazhinji, kana viscosity yakakwira, zvinoita kuti mvura irambe ichichengetwa zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kana viscosity yakakwira uye huremu hweMC hwakakwira, kudzikira kwekunyungudika kwayo kuchaita kuti simba remuto riwedzere uye mashandiro ekuvaka. Kana viscosity yakakwira, zvinoita kuti ganda riwedzere kukora, asi harina kuenzana zvakananga. Kana viscosity yakakwira, ndipo pachava nekusimba kwakanyanya, ndiko kuti, panguva yekuvaka, inoonekwa seinonamatira pa scraper uye ine kunamatira kwakanyanya ku substrate. Asi hazvibatsiri kuwedzera simba remuto wemvura pachayo. Panguva yekuvaka, kushanda kwe anti-sag hakusi pachena. Kusiyana neizvi, mamwe ma viscosity epakati nepasi asi akagadziriswa methyl cellulose ethers ane mashandiro akanaka mukuvandudza simba remuto wemvura.
Kana huwandu hwe cellulose ether hukawedzerwa mumortar hwakakura, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kurambe kuri nani, uye viscosity yacho ikakwira, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kurambe kuri nani.
Kana tichitaura nezvehukuru hwezvikamu, kana zvikamu zvidiki, zvinova nani kuchengetedza mvura. Mushure mekunge zvikamu zvikuru zve cellulose ether zvasangana nemvura, pamusoro payo panobva panyunguduka uye panogadzira gel yekuputira zvinhu kudzivirira mamorekuru emvura kuti asarambe achipinda. Dzimwe nguva hazvigone kupararira zvakaenzana uye kunyunguduka kunyangwe mushure mekukurunga kwenguva refu, zvichigadzira mhinduro ine makore kana agglomeration. Zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza mvura kwe cellulose ether, uye kunyunguduka ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinosarudza cellulose ether.
Kupfava zvakare chiratidzo chakakosha chekushanda kwemethyl cellulose ether. Iyo MC inoshandiswa pakugadzira dry powder mortar inofanirwa kuve upfu, ine mvura shoma, uye kupfava kwayo kunodawo 20% ~ 60% yehukuru hwe particle kuti ive pasi pe63um. Kupfava uku kunokanganisa kunyungudika kwemethyl cellulose ether. Coarse MC inowanzo kuve granular, uye iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura isina agglomeration, asi mwero wekunyungudika unononoka, saka haina kukodzera kushandiswa mudry powder mortar. Mudry powder mortar, MC inoparadzirwa pakati pezvinhu zve cementing zvakaita se aggregate, final filler nesimende, uye upfu hwakakwana chete ndihwo hunogona kudzivirira methyl cellulose ether agglomeration kana ichisanganiswa nemvura. Kana MC ikawedzerwa nemvura kuti inyungudike agglomerates, zvinonetsa zvikuru kupararira nekunyungudika.
Kupfava kweMC hakungoparadzi chete, asiwo kunoderedza simba remota. Kana mota yakadaro yeupfu hwakaoma ikashandiswa munzvimbo yakakura, kumhanya kwemota yeupfu hwakaoma yemunzvimbo iyoyo kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye matombo achaonekwa nekuda kwenguva dzakasiyana dzekupisa. Kune mota yakapfapfaidzwa nekugadzirwa kwemuchina, chinodiwa chekupfava kwakanyanya nekuda kwenguva pfupi yekusanganisa. Kupfava kweMC kunewo mhedzisiro yakati pakuchengetedza mvura kwayo. Kazhinji, kune ethers dzemethyl cellulose dzine viscosity yakafanana asi kupfava kwakasiyana, pasi pehuwandu hwakafanana hwekuwedzera, kupfava kwakanyanya ndiko kuri nani kuchengetedza mvura.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura kweMC kune chekuitawo netembiricha inoshandiswa, uye kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose ether kunoderera nekuwedzera kwetembiricha. Zvisinei, mukushandiswa kwezvinhu chaizvo, dry powder mortar inowanzoiswa kune substrates dzinopisa patembiricha dzakakwirira (dzinopfuura madhigirii makumi mana) munzvimbo dzakawanda, dzakadai sekuiswa kwepurasitiki pamadziro ekunze pasi pezuva muzhizha, izvo zvinowanzo kurumidzisa Kucheneswa kwesimende uye kuoma kwe dry powder mortar. Kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura kunotungamira kune kunzwa kuri pachena kuti kushanda uye kuramba kutsemuka zvinokanganiswa, uye zvakakosha zvikuru kuderedza simba rezvinhu zvetembiricha pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya.
Kunyangwe zvakadaromethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etherZvimwe zvinowedzerwa pari zvino zvinoonekwa sezviri pamberi pekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, kuvimba kwazvo nekupisa kucharamba kuchikonzera kushomeka kwekushanda kwemota yeupfu hwakaoma. Kunyangwe huwandu hwemethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose huchiwedzerwa (fomula yezhizha), kugona kushanda uye kuramba kupwanyika hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Kuburikidza nekurapwa kwakakosha paMC, senge kuwedzera mwero we etherification, nezvimwewo, mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza mvura inogona kuchengetedzwa patembiricha yakakwira, kuitira kuti igone kupa mashandiro ari nani mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-28-2024