Mu ibumba ryateguwe kuvanga, ingano y'inyongera yaeteri ya seluloseni nke cyane, ariko ishobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya mortilage itose, kandi ni inyongeramusaruro nyamukuru igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwubatsi bwa mortilage. Guhitamo neza ether za cellulose z’ubwoko butandukanye, ubukana butandukanye, ingano zitandukanye z’uduce, ingano zitandukanye z’ubukana n’ingano y’inyongera bizagira ingaruka nziza ku kunoza imikorere ya mortilage y’ifu yumye.
Muri iki gihe, amasafuriya menshi y’amabuye n’ay’ubusitani afite ubushobozi buke bwo kubika amazi, kandi amazi asigaye atandukana nyuma y’iminota mike ahagaze. Kubika amazi ni imikorere y’ingenzi ya eteri ya methyl cellulose, kandi ni imikorere ikorwa n’inganda nyinshi z’amasafuriya y’amatafuriya yo mu ngo, cyane cyane ayo mu turere two mu majyepfo dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi, zibandaho. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kubika amazi kwa safuriya y’amatafuriya y’amatafuriya harimo ingano ya MC yongewemo, ubukana bwa MC, ubunini bw’uduce duto n’ubushyuhe bw’aho ikoreshwa.
1. Igitekerezo
Cellulose ether ni polymer ikoze mu buryo bwa sillulose karemano binyuze mu guhindura shimi. Cellulose ether ni ikintu gikomoka kuri cellulose karemano. Ikorwa rya cellulose ether ritandukanye na polymer zikoze mu buryo bwa sillulose. Ibikoresho byayo by'ibanze ni cellulose, imvange ya polymer karemano. Bitewe n'imiterere ya cellulose karemano, cellulose ubwayo ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo gukorana n'ibintu bihindura ether. Ariko, nyuma yo kuvurwa n'ikintu kibyimba, imigozi ikomeye ya hydrogen hagati y'iminyururu ya molekile n'iminyururu irasenyuka, kandi irekurwa ry'itsinda rya hydroxyl rihinduka cellulose ya alkali ikora. Kubona cellulose ether.
Imiterere ya ether za cellulose iterwa n'ubwoko, umubare n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibisimbura. Uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro ether za cellulose bushingiye kandi ku bwoko bw'ibisimbura, urwego rwa etherification, gushonga n'imiterere bifitanye isano. Dukurikije ubwoko bw'ibisimbura ku muyoboro wa molekile, ishobora kugabanywamo monoether na ether ivanze. Ubusanzwe dukoresha MC nka monoether, na PMC nka ether ivanze. Methyl cellulose ether MC ni umusaruro nyuma y'uko itsinda rya hydroxyl riri ku gice cya glucose cya cellulose karemano risimbuwe n'itsinda rya methoxy. Ni umusaruro uboneka hashingiwe ku gusimbuza igice cy'itsinda rya hydroxyl kuri icyo gice n'itsinda rya methoxy n'ikindi gice n'itsinda rya hydroxypropyl. Formula y'imiterere ni [C6H7O2 (OH)3-mn (OCH3)m [OCH2CH (OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, izi ni zo moko y'ingenzi akoreshwa cyane kandi agurishwa ku isoko.
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo ishonga ishobora gushonga, ishobora kugabanywamo ionic na non-ionic. I-ether za cellulose zidafite ionic zishonga mu mazi zigizwe ahanini n'uruhererekane rubiri rwa alkyl ethers na hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ionic CMC ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu isabune y'ubukorikori, gucapa no gusiga amarangi imyenda, gushakisha ibiryo n'amavuta. I-MC zidafite ionic, PMC, HEMC, n'izindi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi, gusiga latex, imiti, imiti ya buri munsi, n'ibindi. Ikoreshwa nk'ingufu, ifata amazi, itera imbaraga, igabanya ubushyuhe n'itera firime.
2. Kubika amazi muri eteri ya selulose
Kubika amazi muri eteri ya selulosi: Mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, cyane cyane ifu yumye, eteri ya selulosi ifite uruhare rudasimburwa, cyane cyane mu gukora imashini yihariye (imashini yahinduwe), ni igice cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi.
Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa eteri ya cellulose ishonga mu mazi muri mortilari rufite ahanini ibintu bitatu, kimwe ni ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika amazi, ikindi ni ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bihorana n'ubudahangarwa bwa mortilari, naho icya gatatu ni uburyo sima ikorana. Ingaruka zo kubika amazi za eteri ya cellulose ziterwa n'uburyo amazi yinjira mu gice cy'ibanze, imiterere ya mortilari, ubunini bw'igice cy'urukuta, uko mortilari ikenera amazi, n'igihe ibikoresho bishyirwa. Kubika amazi kwa eteri ya cellulose ubwayo bituruka ku gushonga no kubura amazi kwa eteri ya cellulose ubwayo. Nkuko twese tubizi, nubwo uruhererekane rwa molekile ya cellulose rugizwe n'amatsinda menshi ya OH ashobora kuvoma cyane, ntabwo ishongeshwa mu mazi, kuko imiterere ya cellulose ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa crystallinity.
Ubushobozi bwo gutonyanga kw'amatsinda ya hydroxyl gusa ntibuhagije kugira ngo butwikire imigozi ikomeye ya hydrogen n'imbaraga za van der Waals hagati ya molekile. Kubwibyo, irabyimba gusa ariko ntishonga mu mazi. Iyo umusimbura yinjijwe mu muyoboro wa molekile, si umusimbura gusa usenya umuyoboro wa hydrogen, ahubwo n'umugozi wa hydrogen uhuza imiyoboro urasenyuka bitewe no guhuza umusimbura hagati y'imigozi yegeranye. Uko umusimbura ari munini, ni ko intera iri hagati ya molekile iba nini. Intera ni nini. Uko ingaruka zo gusenya imigozi ya hydrogène ziba nyinshi, eteri ya cellulose iba ishonga mu mazi nyuma y'uko lattice ya cellulose yagutse kandi umuti winjira, bigakora umuti ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, ubushyuhe bwa polymer buragabanuka, kandi amazi ari hagati y'imigozi arasohoka. Iyo ingaruka yo kubura amazi ihagije, molekile zitangira kwishyira hamwe, zigakora gel y'imiterere y'urusobe rw'ibice bitatu hanyuma zigapfunyika. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kubika amazi muri mortier birimo ubushyuhe bwa eteri ya cellulose, ingano yiyongereyeho, ubuto bw'uduce duto n'ubushyuhe bw'ikoreshwa.
Uko eteri ya selulosi irushaho kuba nini, ni ko imikorere yayo irushaho kuba myiza. Ubukana ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mikorere ya MC. Muri iki gihe, abakora MC batandukanye bakoresha uburyo butandukanye n'ibikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo bapime ubukana bwa MC. Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde na Brookfield. Ku gicuruzwa kimwe, ibisubizo bya viscosity bipimwe hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye biratandukanye cyane, ndetse bimwe bifite itandukaniro rya kabiri. Kubwibyo, iyo ugereranije ubukana, bigomba gukorwa hagati y'uburyo bumwe bwo gupima, harimo ubushyuhe, rotor, nibindi.
Muri rusange, uko amazi arushaho kuba menshi, ni ko ingaruka zo kubika amazi ziba nziza. Ariko, uko amazi arushaho kuba menshi kandi uburemere bwa MC bukaba bwinshi, kugabanuka kw'uburyo bwo gushonga kwabyo bizagira ingaruka mbi ku mbaraga n'imikorere y'ubwubatsi bwa mortiweri. Uko amazi arushaho kuba menshi, ni ko ingaruka zo gushonga kwa mortiweri zigaragara cyane, ariko ntabwo bingana neza. Uko amazi arushaho kuba menshi, mortiweri irushaho kuba ikomeye, ni ukuvuga ko mu gihe cyo kubaka, igaragara nk'aho ifata ku gikoresho cyo gukurura no gufatana cyane n'icyatsi. Ariko ntabwo ari byiza kongera imbaraga z'imiterere ya mortiweri itose ubwayo. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, imikorere yo kurwanya gushonga ntabwo igaragara. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, hari eteri za methyl cellulose zahinduwe zifite imikorere myiza mu kunoza imbaraga z'imiterere ya mortiweri itose.
Uko eteri ya selulosi yongerwa mu gikoresho kinini, ni ko amazi arushaho kuba meza, kandi uko amazi arushaho kuba menshi, ni ko amazi arushaho kuba meza.
Ku bijyanye n'ingano y'uduce, uko agace gato kaba gato, ni ko amazi arushaho kugumana neza. Nyuma y'uko uduce tunini twa eteri ya cellulose tugeze mu mazi, ubuso buhita bushonga bugakora gel yo gupfunyika ibikoresho kugira ngo wirinde ko molekile z'amazi zikomeza kwinjira. Hari igihe ntashobora gukwirakwira no gushonga kimwe ndetse no nyuma yo kuvanga igihe kirekire, bigatuma habaho umuti w'ibicu cyangwa agglomeration. Bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kubika amazi kwa eteri ya cellulose, kandi gushonga ni kimwe mu bintu bituma umuntu ahitamo eteri ya cellulose.
Ubutonyanga nabwo ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere ya eteri ya methyl cellulose. MC ikoreshwa mu ifu yumye isabwa kuba ifu, ifite amazi make, kandi ubutonyanga busaba ko 20% ~ 60% by'ingano y'uduce tuba munsi ya 63um. Ubutonyanga bugira ingaruka ku gushonga kwa eteri ya methyl cellulose. MC isanzwe iba ifite uduce duto, kandi byoroshye gushonga mu mazi nta guhurirana, ariko igipimo cyo gushonga kiba gito cyane, bityo ntikwiriye gukoreshwa mu ifu yumye. Mu ifu yumye, MC ikwirakwizwa mu bikoresho byo gusima nka aggregate, fine filler na sima, kandi ifu nziza ihagije ni yo yonyine ishobora kwirinda guhurirana kwa eteri ya methyl cellulose iyo ivanze n'amazi. Iyo MC yongewemo amazi kugira ngo ishongeshe agglomerate, biragoye cyane kuyitandukanya no kuyishonga.
Ubutoshye bwa MC ntibupfa ubusa gusa, ahubwo bunagabanya imbaraga za mortilage. Iyo mortilage nk'iyo ikoreshejwe ahantu hanini, umuvuduko wo gushonga kwa mortilage y'ifu yumye yo muri ako gace uzagabanuka cyane, kandi imivuniko izagaragara bitewe n'ibihe bitandukanye byo gushonga. Ku mortilage ifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, ibisabwa kugira ngo yumuke ni byinshi bitewe n'igihe gito cyo kuvanga. Ubutoshye bwa MC bugira ingaruka ku kubika amazi kwayo. Muri rusange, kuri ether za methyl cellulose zifite ubutoshye bumwe ariko ubutoshye butandukanye, iyo zikongerwamo ingano imwe, uko amazi arushaho kumera neza niko amazi arushaho kumera neza.
Uburyo amazi abikwamo muri MC nabwo bufitanye isano n'ubushyuhe bukoreshwa, kandi uburyo amazi abikwamo muri eteri ya methyl cellulose bugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ariko, mu bikoresho nyabyo, ifu yumye ikunze gushyirwa ku bintu bishyushye ku bushyuhe bwinshi (buri hejuru ya dogere 40) mu bintu byinshi, nko gusiga ipasi ku rukuta rwo hanze munsi y'izuba mu mpeshyi, akenshi bikihutisha Gutunganya sima no gukomera kwa sima yumye. Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko wo kubika amazi bitera kumva ko ubushobozi bwo gukora no kudakora neza bizagira ingaruka, kandi ni ngombwa cyane kugabanya ingaruka z'ubushyuhe muri iki kibazo.
Nubwoeteri ya methyl hydroxyethyl celluloseInyongeramusaruro muri iki gihe zifatwa nk'iza mbere mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, kwishingikiriza ku bushyuhe bizakomeza gutuma imikorere ya mortila yumye igabanuka. Nubwo ingano ya methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yiyongera (formula yo mu mpeshyi), ubushobozi bwo gukora no kudakora neza ntibishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ikoreshwa. Binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura MC, nko kongera urugero rwa etherification, n'ibindi, ingaruka zo kubika amazi zishobora kuguma ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kugira ngo ibashe gutanga imikorere myiza mu bihe bikomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Mata 2024