Ulwazi lwekhemikhali inkcazo kunye nokwahlukana kwefiber, i-cellulose kunye ne-cellulose ether

Ifayibha:

Ifayibha, kumxholo wekhemistri kunye nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, ibhekisela kwiklasi yezixhobo ezibonakaliswe ngesakhiwo sazo eside, esifana nentambo. Ezi zixhobo zenziwe ngeepolymers, iimolekyuli ezinkulu ezenziwe ngamayunithi aphindaphindayo abizwa ngokuba zii-monomers. Iifayibha zinokuba zezendalo okanye zenziwe, kwaye zifumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo abandakanya amalaphu, i-composites, kunye ne-biomedicine.

Imicu yendalo ivela kwizityalo, izilwanyana okanye iiminerali. Imizekelo ibandakanya umqhaphu, uboya, isilika, kunye neasbestos. Iintsinga ze-Synthetic, kwelinye icala, zenziwe kwizinto zekhemikhali ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-polymerization. Inayiloni, i-polyester, kunye ne-acrylic yimizekelo eqhelekileyo yeentsinga zokwenziwa.

Kwindawo yekhemistri, igama elithi "fiber" ngokuqhelekileyo libhekisa kulwakhiwo lwesixhobo kunokwakheka kweekhemikhali. IiFibers zibonakaliswa ngomlinganiselo wazo ophezulu, oku kuthetha ukuba zide kakhulu kunokuba zibanzi. Olu lwakhiwo lude lunika iipropati ezinjengokuqina, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuqina kwizinto eziphathekayo, ukwenza iintsinga ziyimfuneko kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwimpahla ukuya ekuqiniseni kwizinto ezidibeneyo.

ISelulosi:

Iselulosiyipolysaccharide, eluhlobo lwecarbohydrate eyenziwe ngamatyathanga amade eemolekyuli zeswekile. Yeyona polymer ininzi kakhulu emhlabeni kwaye isebenza njengenxalenye yesakhiwo kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. Ngokwekhemikhali, i-cellulose iqulethe iiyunithi eziphindaphindiweyo ze-glucose ezidityaniswe kunye ne-β-1,4-glycosidic bond.

Ulwakhiwo lweselulosi lunentsinga eninzi, kunye neemolekyuli zeselulosi ezizilungelelanisayo zibe yimicrofibrils ezidityaniswa ngakumbi zenze izakhiwo ezikhulu njengemicu. Le micu ibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo kwiiseli zezityalo, ibanika ukuqina kunye nokomelela. Ukongeza kwindima yayo kwizityalo, i-cellulose ikwayinxalenye enkulu yefiber yokutya efumaneka kwiziqhamo, imifuno kunye neenkozo. Abantu abanazo ii-enzymes eziyimfuneko zokwaphula i-cellulose, ngoko ke idlula kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ubukhulu becala, inceda ekutyeni kwaye ikhuthaze impilo yamathumbu.

I-Cellulose inezicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso ngenxa yobuninzi bayo, ukuhlaziya, kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo ezifana ne-biodegradability, biocompatibility, kunye namandla. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuveliswa kwephepha, amalaphu, izinto zokwakha, kunye ne-biofuels.

I-Cellulose Ether:

I-cellulose ethersliqela leekhompawundi zeekhemikhali eziphuma kwiselulosi ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. Olu tshintsho lubandakanya ukuqaliswa kwamaqela asebenzayo, afana ne-hydroxyethyl, i-hydroxypropyl, okanye i-carboxymethyl, kwi-backbone ye-cellulose. Isiphumo se-cellulose ethers sigcina ezinye zeempawu zeselulosi ngelixa zibonisa iipropathi ezintsha ezinikezelwe ngamaqela asebenzayo awongeziweyo.

Omnye umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-cellulose kunye ne-cellulose ethers ulele kwiipropati zabo zokunyibilika. Ngelixa i-cellulose inganyibiliki emanzini kwaye uninzi lwezinyibilikisi zendalo, ii-ether zeselulosi zihlala zinyibilika emanzini okanye zibonisa ukunyibilika okuphuculweyo kwizinyibilikisi zendalo. Oku kunyibilika kwenza i-cellulose ethers izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini afana namayeza, ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye nokwakha.

Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ye-cellulose ethers ibandakanya i-methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), kunye ne-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ezi zikhompawundi zisetyenziswa njengama-thickeners, binders, stabilizers, kunye ne-film-forming agents kwimiqulu eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-CMC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zokutya njenge-ejenti ejiyayo kunye ne-emulsifier, ngelixa i-HPC iqeshwe kuqulunqo lwamayeza olawulo lokukhutshwa kwechiza.

ifayibha ibhekisa kwimathiriyeli enobude obufana nomsonto, iselulosi yipolymer yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zesityalo, kunye ne-cellulose ethers ziphuma kwimichiza yeselulosi enemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yemizi-mveliso. Ngelixa i-cellulose ibonelela ngesakhelo sesakhiwo sezityalo kwaye isebenza njengomthombo wefayibha yokutya, i-cellulose ethers inika ukunyibilika okuphuculweyo kwaye ifumane ukusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa.