Te mōhiotanga matū te whakamāramatanga me te rerekētanga o te muka, te cellulose me te cellulose ether

muka:

muka, i roto i te horopaki o te matū me te pūtaiao rauemi, e pā ana ki tētahi akomanga rauemi e tohuhia ana e tō rātou hanganga roa, rite ki te miro. He mea hanga ēnei rauemi mai i ngā pūmua, he ngota nui i hangaia mai i ngā waeine tāruarua e kiia nei ko ngā monomer. Ka taea e ngā muka te hangai, te hangai rānei, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi maha tae atu ki ngā kakahu, ngā mea hiato, me te rongoā koiora.

Ko ngā muka taiao i ahu mai i ngā tipu, i ngā kararehe, i ngā kohuke rānei. Hei tauira, ko te miro, te huruhuru hipi, te hiraka, me te asbestos. Ko ngā muka hangai, i tētahi atu ringa, ka hangaia mai i ngā matū matū mā roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te polymerization. Ko te nairon, te polyester, me te acrylic ngā tauira noa o ngā muka hangai.

I roto i te ao matū, ko te kupu "muka" e pā ana ki te āhuatanga hanganga o te rauemi, kaua ki tōna hanganga matū. Ko te āhua o ngā muka he teitei te ōwehenga āhuatanga, arā, he roa ake i te whānui. Mā tēnei hanganga roa ka whakawhiwhia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kaha, te ngāwari, me te pakari ki te rauemi, ka nui ai ngā muka i roto i ngā tono maha mai i te kākahu ki te whakapakari i roto i ngā rauemi hiato.

Te pūtaurohi:

Cellulosehe polysaccharide, he momo warowaihā i hangaia mai i ngā mekameka roa o ngā ngota huka. Koinei te pūmua waro tino nui rawa atu i runga i te Ao, ā, he wāhanga hanganga i roto i ngā pakitara pūtau o ngā tipu. I roto i te matū, ko te cellulose he wāhanga o te hukahuka e honoa ana e ngā hononga β-1,4-glycosidic.

He tino muka te hanganga o te cellulose, me ngā ngota cellulose takitahi e whakarārangi ana i a rātou anō hei microfibrils ka whakakotahi ake hei hanga hanganga nui ake pērā i ngā muka. Ka tautokohia e ēnei muka ngā pūtau tipu, ka pakari, ka kaha hoki. Haunga tōna tūranga i roto i ngā tipu, he wāhanga nui anō hoki te cellulose o te muka kai e kitea ana i roto i ngā hua, huawhenua, me ngā witi. Kāore i te tangata ngā whākōkī e tika ana hei wawahi i te cellulose, nō reira ka haere mā te pūnaha nakunaku me te kore e pakaru, ka āwhina i te nakunaku me te whakatairanga i te hauora o te puku.

He maha ngā whakamahinga ahumahi o te cellulose nā tōna nui, tōna āheinga ki te whakahou, me ōna āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana pērā i te pirau, te hototahi ki te koiora, me te kaha. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i te hanga pepa, kakahu, rauemi hanga, me ngā wahie koiora.

Etera Cellulose:

Ngā etera cellulosehe rōpū matū i ahu mai i te cellulose mā te whakarerekētanga matū. Ko ēnei whakarerekētanga e uru ana ki te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū mahi, pērā i te hydroxyethyl, te hydroxypropyl, te carboxymethyl rānei, ki runga i te tuara o te cellulose. Ko ngā ether cellulose e hua mai ana ka mau tonu ētahi o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te cellulose me te whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga hou i tukuna mai e ngā rōpū mahi kua tāpirihia.

Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te cellulose me te cellulose ethers kei roto i ō rātou āhuatanga wairewa. Ahakoa kāore te cellulose e wairewa i roto i te wai me te nuinga o ngā whakarewa waro, he maha ngā wā ka wairewahia ngā cellulose ethers ki te wai, ka pai ake rānei te wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa waro. Nā tēnei wairewatanga ka maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā cellulose ethers me te whānuitanga o ngā tono i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te rongoā, te kai, te whakapaipai, me te hanga whare.

Ko ngā tauira noa o ngā cellulose ethers ko te methyl cellulose (MC), te hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), me te carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ka whakamahia ēnei matū hei whakamātotoru, hei here, hei whakaū, me ngā kaihoko hanga kiriata i roto i ngā momo whakatakotoranga. Hei tauira, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te CMC i roto i ngā hua kai hei kaihoko whakamātotoru me te emulsifier, ko te HPC ia e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga rongoā mō te tukunga rongoā whakahaeretia.

Ko te muka e pā ana ki ngā rauemi he roa te hanganga, he rite ki te miro, ko te cellulose he pūmua tūturu e kitea ana i roto i ngā pakitara pūtau tipu, ā, ko ngā etera cellulose he matū kua whakarerekētia o te cellulose me ngā tono ahumahi rerekē. Ahakoa ko te cellulose te anga hanganga mō ngā tipu, ā, he puna muka kai hoki, ka nui ake te wairewa o ngā etera cellulose, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi nā ō rātou āhuatanga ahurei.