Ubumenyi bw'imiti ibisobanuro n'itandukaniro rya fibre, cellulose na ether ya cellulose

Fibre:

Fibre, mu rwego rwa siyansi ya chimie n'ibikoresho, bivuga ubwoko bw'ibikoresho birangwa n'imiterere yabyo miremire isa n'umugozi. Ibi bikoresho bigizwe na polymer, ari zo molekile nini zigizwe n'ibice bisubiramo byitwa monomers. Fibre zishobora kuba karemano cyangwa zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike, kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo imyenda, imvange, na biomedicine.

Imigozi karemano ikomoka ku bimera, inyamaswa, cyangwa imyunyu ngugu. Ingero zirimo ipamba, ubwoya, ubudodo, na asibesitosi. Imigozi ikoze mu byuma bya shimi, ku rundi ruhande, ikorwa mu bintu bya shimi binyuze mu buryo nka polymerization. Nylon, polyester, na acrylic ni ingero zisanzwe z'imigozi ikoze mu byuma bya shimi.

Mu rwego rwa chimie, ijambo "fibre" rikunze kuvuga imiterere y'ibikoresho aho kuvuga imiterere yabyo ya shimi. Fibre zirangwa n'igipimo cyazo cyo hejuru, bivuze ko ari ndende cyane kuruta uko ziri. Iyi miterere ndende itanga imiterere nk'imbaraga, ubworoherane, no kuramba ku bikoresho, bigatuma fibre iba ingenzi mu bikorwa bitandukanye kuva ku myenda kugeza ku bikoresho bivanze.

Selilulose:

Seliluloseni polysaccharide, ikaba ari ubwoko bwa karubohidrati igizwe n'iminyururu miremire y'isukari. Ni polymeri y'umwimerere iboneka cyane ku Isi kandi ikora nk'igice cy'imiterere mu nkuta z'uturemangingo tw'ibimera. Mu rwego rwa shimi, selulose igizwe n'ibice bisubiramo bya glucose bihujwe n'imigozi ya β-1,4-glycosidic.

Imiterere ya selulose ifite uturemangingo twinshi, aho uturemangingo twa selulose twishyira hamwe mu turemangingo duto duto dukomeza kwishyira hamwe tugakora imiterere minini nk'udusimba. Utu dusimba dutanga inkunga y'imiterere y'uturemangingo tw'ibimera, bigatuma turushaho gukomera no gukomera. Uretse uruhare rwayo mu bimera, selulose ni igice cy'ingenzi cya fibre iboneka mu mbuto, imboga n'ibinyampeke. Abantu babura enzymes zikenewe kugira ngo basenye selulose, bityo inyura mu buryo bw'igogora cyane cyane, ifasha mu igogora no guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza bw'amara.

Selulosi ikoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi bitewe n’ubwinshi bwayo, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuvugururwa, n’imiterere yayo myiza nko kubora, guhuza n’ibinyabuzima, n’imbaraga zayo. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora impapuro, imyenda, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, na lisansi ikomoka ku bimera.

Eteri ya selulosi:

Eteri za selulosini itsinda ry'ibinyabutabire bikomoka kuri selulose binyuze mu guhindura imikorere y'ibinyabutabire. Izi mpinduka zirimo kwinjiza amatsinda y'imikorere, nka hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, cyangwa carboxymethyl, ku mugongo wa selulose. Ether za selulose zikomokaho zigumana imwe mu miterere iranga selulose mu gihe zigaragaza imiterere mishya itangwa n'amatsinda y'imikorere yiyongereyeho.

Kimwe mu bitandukanya cyane hagati ya eteri za cellulose na cellulose kiri mu miterere yazo yo gushonga. Nubwo cellulose idashonga mu mazi kandi ikaba idafite organic solvents nyinshi, eteri za cellulose zikunze gushonga mu mazi cyangwa zikagira ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza mu bintu bidafite organic solvents. Ubu buryo bwo gushonga butuma eteri za cellulose ziba ibikoresho bitandukanye kandi bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye nko mu by’imiti, mu biribwa, mu by’ubwiza, no mu bwubatsi.

Ingero zisanzwe za ether za selulosi zirimo methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), na carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Izi mvange zikoreshwa nk'ibikomeza, ibifunga, ibikomeza, n'ibihindura filime mu buryo butandukanye. Urugero, CMC ikoreshwa cyane mu biryo nk'ibikomeza ubwinshi n'ibigabanya ubushyuhe, mu gihe HPC ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'imiti kugira ngo imiti igenzurwe.

fibre yerekeza ku bikoresho bifite imiterere miremire isa n'umugozi, cellulose ni polymer karemano iboneka mu nkuta z'uturemangingo tw'ibimera, naho cellulose ethers ni ibintu byahinduwe na shimi bya cellulose bifite akamaro gatandukanye mu nganda. Nubwo cellulose itanga imiterere y'ibimera kandi ikaba isoko y'imirire ya fibre, cellulose ethers itanga ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza kandi ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n'imiterere yazo yihariye.