ʻIke kemika ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka fiber, cellulose a me ka cellulose ether

ʻO ke olonā:

ʻO ke olonā, ma ke ʻano o ka kemika a me ka ʻepekema mea, pili i kahi papa o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia e ko lākou ʻano lōʻihi, e like me ke kaula. Hana ʻia kēia mau mea me nā polymers, he mau molekala nui i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana hana hou i kapa ʻia ʻo monomers. Hiki i nā fibers ke kūlohelohe a synthetic paha, a loaʻa iā lākou ka hoʻohana ākea ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole me nā textiles, nā composites, a me ka biomedicine.

Loaʻa nā olonā kūlohelohe mai nā mea kanu, nā holoholona, ​​a i ʻole nā ​​minelala. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me ka pulupulu, ka hulu hipa, ka silika, a me ka asbestos. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia nā olonā synthetic mai nā mea kemika ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka polymerization. ʻO Nylon, polyester, a me ka acrylic nā laʻana maʻamau o nā olonā synthetic.

Ma ke kahua o ke kemika, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "fiber" e pili ana i ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho o ka mea ma mua o kona ʻano kemika. Hōʻike ʻia nā fibers e ko lākou lakio ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ko lākou laulā. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hoʻolōʻihi i nā waiwai e like me ka ikaika, ka maʻalahi, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka mea, e hana ana i nā fibers he mea nui i nā noi like ʻole mai ka lole a hiki i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mea i hui pū ʻia.

Kelulose:

KeluloseHe polysaccharide ia, he ʻano kalapona i haku ʻia me nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā molekala kō. ʻO ia ka polymer organik nui loa ma ka Honua a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana kūkulu i loko o nā paia cell o nā mea kanu. Ma ke ʻano kemika, ʻo ka cellulose nā ʻāpana glucose e hana hou ʻia ana i hoʻopili ʻia e nā pilina β-1,4-glycosidic.

He fibrous loa ke ʻano o ka cellulose, me nā molekala cellulose pākahi e hoʻopili ana iā lākou iho i loko o nā microfibrils e hōʻuluʻulu hou aku e hana i nā ʻano nui e like me nā olonā. Hāʻawi kēia mau olonā i ke kākoʻo kūkulu i nā cell mea kanu, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika. Ma waho aʻe o kona kuleana i nā mea kanu, ʻo ka cellulose kekahi ʻāpana nui o ka fiber meaʻai i loaʻa i nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, a me nā palaoa. ʻAʻohe o ke kanaka nā enzymes e pono ai e wāwahi i ka cellulose, no laila e hele ana ia ma o ka ʻōnaehana digestive me ka ʻole o ka ʻōpala, e kōkua ana i ka digestion a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke olakino o ka ʻōpū.

He nui nā noi ʻoihana o ka Cellulose ma muli o kona nui, hiki ke hoʻohou hou ʻia, a me nā waiwai i makemake ʻia e like me ka biodegradability, biocompatibility, a me ka ikaika. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ka pepa, nā lole, nā mea kūkulu hale, a me nā biofuels.

ʻEtera Cellulose:

Nā ʻetera cellulosehe hui ia o nā hui kemika i loaʻa mai ka cellulose ma o ka hoʻololi kemika. Pili kēia mau hoʻololi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā hui hana, e like me ka hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, a i ʻole carboxymethyl, ma luna o ke kuamoʻo cellulose. Mālama nā ethers cellulose hopena i kekahi o nā waiwai hiʻona o ka cellulose ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai hou i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hui hana i hoʻohui ʻia.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka cellulose a me ka cellulose ethers aia i ko lākou mau waiwai solubility. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose i ka wai a me ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, ʻo nā cellulose ethers pinepine ka wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hōʻike paha i ka solubility i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. ʻO kēia solubility e hana ai i nā cellulose ethers i mau mea hana maʻalahi me nā ʻano hana like ʻole i nā ʻoihana e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonani, a me ke kūkulu ʻana.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā cellulose ethers e komo pū me ka methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a me ka carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hui e like me nā mea hoʻomānoanoa, nā mea hoʻopaʻa, nā mea hoʻopaʻa, a me nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo CMC i nā huahana meaʻai ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomānoanoa a me ka emulsifier, ʻoiai ʻo HPC e hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kāohi ʻia.

ʻO ke olonā e pili ana i nā mea me kahi ʻano lōʻihi, e like me ke kaula, ʻo ka cellulose kahi polymer kūlohelohe i loaʻa i nā paia o nā mea kanu, a ʻo nā cellulose ethers he mau huaʻōlelo i hoʻololi ʻia i ka kemika o ka cellulose me nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole. ʻOiai ʻo ka cellulose e hāʻawi i ke ʻano hana no nā mea kanu a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka fiber meaʻai, hāʻawi nā cellulose ethers i ka solubility i hoʻonui ʻia a loaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai kūikawā.