Tsebo ea lik'hemik'hale tlhaloso le phapang ea faeba, cellulose le ether ea cellulose

Faeba:

Faeba, moelelong oa k'hemistri le saense ea thepa, e bolela sehlopha sa thepa e khetholloang ka sebopeho sa eona se selelele, se kang khoele. Lisebelisoa tsena li entsoe ka li-polymer, e leng limolek'hule tse kholo tse entsoeng ka li-unit tse pheta-phetoang tse bitsoang li-monomers. Li-fiber e ka ba tsa tlhaho kapa tsa maiketsetso, 'me li sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa masela, metsoako le biomedicine.

Likhoele tsa tlhaho li tsoa limela, liphoofolong, kapa liminerale. Mehlala e kenyelletsa k'hothone, ulu, silika le asbestos. Likhoele tsa maiketsetso, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li etsoa ka lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale ka mekhoa e kang polymerization. Nylon, polyester le acrylic ke mehlala e tloaelehileng ea likhoele tsa maiketsetso.

Lefapheng la k'hemistri, lentsoe "faeba" hangata le bolela karolo ea sebopeho sa thepa ho fapana le sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale. Lifaeba li khetholloa ka karolelano ea tsona e phahameng ea likarolo, ho bolelang hore li telele haholo ho feta bophara ba tsona. Sebopeho sena se selelele se fana ka litšobotsi tse kang matla, ho tenyetseha le ho tšoarella ho thepa, e leng se etsang hore lifaeba li be bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng ho tloha liaparong ho ea ho matlafatsong ea thepa e kopaneng.

Selulose:

Seluloseke polysaccharide, e leng mofuta oa lik'habohaedreite tse entsoeng ka liketane tse telele tsa limolek'hule tsa tsoekere. Ke polymer ea tlhaho e ngata ka ho fetisisa Lefatšeng 'me e sebetsa e le karolo ea sebopeho maboteng a sele ea limela. Ka lik'hemik'hale, cellulose e na le li-unit tse pheta-phetoang tsa glucose tse kopantsoeng hammoho ke litlamo tsa β-1,4-glycosidic.

Sebopeho sa cellulose se na le likhoele tse ngata, 'me limolek'hule tsa cellulose ka bonngoe li ikamahanya le li-microfibrils tse kopanang ho etsa meaho e meholo joalo ka likhoele. Likhoele tsena li fana ka tšehetso ea sebopeho ho lisele tsa limela, li li fa matla le ho tiea. Ntle le karolo ea eona limela, cellulose le eona ke karolo e kholo ea likhoele tsa lijo tse fumanoang litholoana, meroho le lijo-thollo. Batho ha ba na li-enzyme tse hlokahalang ho qhaqha cellulose, kahoo e feta tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo e sa senyeha haholo, e thusa tšilo ea lijo le ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba mala.

Cellulose e na le lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa indasteri ka lebaka la bongata ba eona, ho nchafala ha eona, le litšobotsi tse lakatsehang tse kang ho bola ha eona, ho lumellana ha eona le lintho tse phelang, le matla. E sebelisoa hangata tlhahisong ea pampiri, masela, thepa ea kaho le mafura a limela.

Ether ea selulose:

Li-ether tsa seluloseke sehlopha sa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale e nkiloeng ho cellulose ka phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale. Liphetoho tsena li kenyelletsa ho kenngoa ha lihlopha tse sebetsang, tse kang hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, kapa carboxymethyl, mokokotlong oa cellulose. Li-ether tsa cellulose tse hlahang li boloka tse ling tsa litšobotsi tsa cellulose ha li ntse li bontša litšobotsi tse ncha tse fanoang ke lihlopha tse sebetsang tse ekelitsoeng.

Phapang e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa cellulose le cellulose ethers e holima thepa ea tsona ea ho qhibiliha. Leha cellulose e sa qhibilihe ka metsing le li-solvents tse ngata tsa tlhaho, li-cellulose ethers hangata li qhibiliha ka metsing kapa li bontša ho qhibiliha ho ntlafetseng li-solvents tsa tlhaho. Ho qhibiliha hona ho etsa hore li-cellulose ethers li be le lisebelisoa tse feto-fetohang ka mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso liindastering tse kang meriana, lijo, litlolo le kaho.

Mehlala e tloaelehileng ea li-ether tsa cellulose e kenyelletsa methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), le carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Metsoako ena e sebelisoa e le li-thickeners, li-binder, li-stabilizer, le li-agent tse etsang filimi mefuteng e fapaneng. Mohlala, CMC e sebelisoa haholo lihlahisoa tsa lijo e le moemeli oa ho teteana le emulsifier, ha HPC e sebelisoa mefuteng ea meriana bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha lithethefatsi tse laoloang.

faeba e bolela thepa e nang le sebopeho se selelele, se kang khoele, cellulose ke polymer ea tlhaho e fumanoang maboteng a sele ea limela, 'me li-ether tsa cellulose ke li-derivatives tse fetotsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale tsa cellulose tse nang le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Leha cellulose e fana ka moralo oa sebopeho bakeng sa limela 'me e sebetsa e le mohloli oa faeba ea lijo, li-ether tsa cellulose li fana ka ho qhibiliha ho ntlafalitsoeng 'me li fumana ts'ebeliso liindastering tse fapaneng ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ikhethang.