Ruzivo rwemakemikari tsananguro uye musiyano wefiber, cellulose uye cellulose ether

Faibha:

Faibha, kana tichitarisa chemistry nesainzi yezvinhu, zvinoreva boka rezvinhu zvinoratidzwa nemaumbirwo azvo marefu, akafanana neshinda. Zvinhu izvi zvinoumbwa nemapolymers, ayo ari mamorekuru makuru anoumbwa nemayuniti anodzokororwa anonzi mamonomers. Fibers dzinogona kuva dzechisikigo kana dzekugadzira, uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira machira, macomposites, uye biomedicine.

Matayi echisikigo anobva mumiti, mhuka, kana zvicherwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira donje, mvere dzemakwai, sirika, uye asbestos. Matayi ekugadzira, kune rumwe rutivi, anogadzirwa kubva muzvinhu zvemakemikari kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai sepolymerization. Nylon, polyester, uye acrylic mienzaniso yakajairika yematayi ekugadzira.

Munyaya yekemesitiri, izwi rekuti "fiber" rinowanzoreva chimiro chechinhu pane kuumbwa kwemakemikari acho. Fiber dzinozivikanwa nehukuru hwadzo, zvichireva kuti dzakareba kupfuura upamhi hwadzo. Chimiro ichi chakareba chinopa zvinhu zvakaita sesimba, kuchinjika, uye kugara kwenguva refu kuchinhu ichi, zvichiita kuti fiber dzive dzakakosha mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kubva pazvipfeko kusvika pakusimbiswa muzvinhu zvakasanganiswa.

Serosi:

Serosiipolysaccharide, inova mhando yemacarbohydrate inoumbwa nemaketani marefu emamorekuru eshuga. Ndiyo organic polymer yakawanda kwazvo pasi pano uye inoshanda sechikamu chechimiro mumadziro esero emiti. Mumakemikari, cellulose ine mayuniti anodzokorora eglucose akabatanidzwa pamwe chete ne β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Maumbirwo e cellulose ane fibrous yakawanda, mamorekuru e cellulose anozvibatanidza kuita microfibrils dzinozobatana kuti dzigadzire maumbirwo makuru akadai sefibers. Fiber idzi dzinopa rutsigiro rwemaumbirwo kumasero emiti, zvichiapa simba uye kuomarara. Kuwedzera pabasa rayo mumiti, cellulose chikamu chikuru chefiber inowanikwa mumichero, miriwo, uye zviyo. Vanhu havana ma enzymes anodiwa kuti vaputse cellulose, saka inopfuura nemudumbu isina chinhu, ichibatsira mukugaya uye ichisimudzira hutano hwematumbu.

Cellulose inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akawanda nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo, kugona kwayo kuvandudza, uye hunhu hwayo hunodiwa senge kuora kwezvipenyu, kubatana kwayo nezvinhu zvipenyu, uye simba rayo. Inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira mapepa, machira, zvinhu zvekuvaka, uye biofuels.

Cellulose Ether:

Cellulose ethersiboka remakemikari anobva mu cellulose kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemakemikari. Kuchinja uku kunosanganisira kuunzwa kwemapoka anoshanda, akadai se hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, kana carboxymethyl, pamusana we cellulose. Cellulose ethers inobuda inochengetedza humwe hunhu hwe cellulose uku ichiratidza hunhu hutsva hunopiwa nemapoka anoshanda akawedzerwa.

Imwe yemisiyano mikuru iri pakati pe cellulose ne cellulose ethers iri muhunhu hwadzo hwekunyungudika. Kunyange zvazvo cellulose isinganyungudike mumvura uye mune zvakawanda zvinonyungudika zve organic, cellulose ethers dzinowanzo nyungudika mumvura kana kuratidza kunyungudika kwakawedzera mu organic solvents. Kunyungudika uku kunoita kuti cellulose ethers ive nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri akadai semishonga, chikafu, zvizoro, uye kuvaka.

Mienzaniso yakajairika ye cellulose ethers inosanganisira methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), uye carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Makemikari aya anoshandiswa se thickeners, binders, stabilizers, uye film-forming agents mumafomu akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, CMC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvekudya se thickening agent uye emulsifier, nepo HPC inoshandiswa mumafomu emishonga ekuburitsa mishonga inodzorwa.

fiber zvinoreva zvinhu zvine chimiro chakareba, chakafanana neshinda, cellulose ipolymer yechisikigo inowanikwa mumadziro emasero emiti, uye cellulose ethers zvinhu zvakagadziriswa nemakemikari zvinobva mu cellulose zvine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri. Kunyange zvazvo cellulose ichipa chimiro chezvirimwa uye ichibatsira pakudya, cellulose ethers inopa kunyungudika kwakawedzerwa uye inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana.