Kev paub txog tshuaj lom neeg lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm fiber, cellulose thiab cellulose ether

Fiber:

Cov fiber, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm chemistry thiab cov ntaub ntawv science, hais txog ib chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau piav qhia los ntawm lawv cov qauv ntev, zoo li xov. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm polymers, uas yog cov molecules loj ua los ntawm cov chav rov ua dua hu ua monomers. Cov fibers tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws, thiab lawv pom kev siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam suav nrog textiles, composites, thiab biomedicine.

Cov xov paj ntuj yog los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, lossis cov zaub mov. Piv txwv li suav nrog paj rwb, plaub yaj, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, thiab asbestos. Cov xov paj hluavtaws, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li polymerization. Nylon, polyester, thiab acrylic yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov xov paj hluavtaws.

Hauv kev kawm txog tshuaj lom neeg, lo lus "fiber" feem ntau yog hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv es tsis yog nws cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov fibers yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv qhov sib piv siab, txhais tau tias lawv ntev dua li lawv dav. Cov qauv ntev no muab cov khoom xws li lub zog, kev ywj pheej, thiab kev ruaj khov rau cov khoom siv, ua rau cov fibers tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev siv xws li khaub ncaws mus rau kev txhawb nqa hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw.

Cellulose:

Celluloseyog ib qho polysaccharide, uas yog ib hom carbohydrate uas muaj cov saw ntev ntawm cov suab thaj. Nws yog cov polymer organic ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv hauv cov phab ntsa cell ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Chemically, cellulose muaj cov chav rov ua dua ntawm cov piam thaj txuas ua ke los ntawm β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Cov qauv ntawm cellulose yog cov fibrous heev, nrog rau cov cellulose molecules sib lawv tus kheej ua microfibrils uas sib sau ua ke los tsim cov qauv loj dua xws li cov fibers. Cov fibers no muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov cell cog, muab rau lawv rigidity thiab lub zog. Ntxiv rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag, cellulose kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus fiber pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab nplej. Tib neeg tsis muaj cov enzymes tsim nyog los rhuav tshem cellulose, yog li nws hla dhau lub cev zom zaub mov feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem, pab txhawb kev zom zaub mov thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txoj hnyuv.

Cellulose muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam vim nws muaj ntau yam, rov ua dua tshiab tau, thiab cov khoom zoo xws li biodegradability, biocompatibility, thiab lub zog. Nws feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim ntawv, textiles, cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho, thiab biofuels.

Cellulose Ether:

Cov cellulose ethersyog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tau los ntawm cellulose los ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj. Cov kev hloov kho no cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia txog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, xws li hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, lossis carboxymethyl, rau ntawm cellulose backbone. Cov cellulose ethers uas tshwm sim khaws cia qee qhov yam ntxwv ntawm cellulose thaum ua kom pom cov yam ntxwv tshiab uas tau muab los ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cellulose thiab cellulose ethers yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom solubility. Txawm hais tias cellulose tsis yaj hauv dej thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic, cellulose ethers feem ntau yaj hauv dej lossis ua kom pom kev zoo dua hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic. Qhov kev yaj no ua rau cellulose ethers yog cov ntaub ntawv siv tau ntau yam nrog ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam xws li tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab kev tsim kho.

Piv txwv ntawm cellulose ethers suav nrog methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), thiab carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Cov tshuaj no yog siv los ua cov khoom tuab, cov khoom khi, cov khoom ruaj khov, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ua zaj duab xis hauv ntau yam qauv. Piv txwv li, CMC yog siv dav hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus ua tus neeg sawv cev tuab thiab emulsifier, thaum HPC yog siv hauv cov qauv tshuaj rau kev tswj cov tshuaj tso tawm.

Cov fiber yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov qauv ntev, zoo li xov, cellulose yog cov polymer ntuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa cell ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab cellulose ethers yog cov tshuaj hloov kho ntawm cellulose nrog ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam. Thaum cellulose muab cov qauv rau cov nroj tsuag thiab ua haujlwm ua qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber noj haus, cellulose ethers muab kev yaj zoo dua thiab nrhiav kev siv hauv ntau yam kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb.