Ku-mortar exutshwe kakade, inani lokwengeza le-cellulose ether liphansi kakhulu, kodwa lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, futhi liyisithasiselo esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwama-ether e-cellulose ezinhlobo ezahlukene, ukuqina okuhlukile, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezahlukene, amazinga ahlukene e-viscosity kanye namanani engeziwe kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwe-mortar e-dry powder. Njengamanje, ama-mortar amaningi okwakha ngobumba kanye nokufaka i-plaster anamandla okugcina amanzi, futhi i-slurry yamanzi izohlukana ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-methyli-cellulose ether, futhi futhi kungumsebenzi abakhiqizi abaningi be-dry-mix mortar basekhaya, ikakhulukazi labo abasezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu, abawunakayo. Izici ezithinta umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-dry mix mortar zihlanganisa inani le-MC elingeziwe, i-viscosity ye-MC, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kwendawo esetshenziswayo.
I-Cellulose ether iyi-polymer yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-cellulose yemvelo ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. I-Cellulose ether iyi-derivative ye-cellulose yemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether kuhlukile kuma-polymer okwenziwa. Izinto zayo eziyisisekelo yi-cellulose, i-polymer compound yemvelo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-cellulose yemvelo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinawo amandla okusabela nama-etherification agents. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-ejenti yokuvuvukala, izibopho ezinamandla ze-hydrogen phakathi kwamaketanga e-molecule namaketanga ziyabhujiswa, futhi ukukhululwa okusebenzayo kweqembu le-hydroxyl kuba yi-reactive alkali cellulose. Thola i-cellulose ether.
Izakhiwo zama-ether e-cellulose zincike ohlotsheni, inombolo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-ether e-cellulose kusekelwe ohlotsheni lwezinto ezithatha indawo, izinga lokushiswa kwe-ether, ukuncibilika kanye nezakhiwo zokusetshenziswa ezihlobene. Ngokusho kohlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo ku-molecule chain, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-monoether kanye ne-ether exubile. I-MC esivame ukuyisebenzisa yi-monoether, kanti i-HPMC iyi-ether exubile. I-Methyl cellulose ether MC ingumkhiqizo ngemuva kokuthi iqembu le-hydroxyl kuyunithi ye-glucose ye-cellulose yemvelo ithathelwe indawo yi-methoxy. Ingxenye yeqembu le-hydroxyl kuyunithi ithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-methoxy, kanti enye ingxenye ithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-hydroxypropyl. I-Ethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, lezi yizinhlobo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezithengiswa emakethe.
Ngokuphathelene nokuncibilika, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-ionic kanye ne-non-ionic. Ama-ether e-cellulose angewona i-ionic ancibilika emanzini akhiwe kakhulu uchungechunge olubili lwama-ether e-alkyl kanye nama-ether e-hydroxyalkyl. I-CMC ye-Ionic isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni okwenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni izindwangu, ekuhloleni ukudla namafutha. I-MC engewona i-ionic, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, njll. isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha, ezimbozweni ze-latex, emithini, kumakhemikhali ansuku zonke, njll. Isetshenziswa njenge-thickener, i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, i-stabilizer, i-dispersant kanye ne-ejenti yokwakha ifilimu.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether: Ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokwakha, ikakhulukazi udaka oluyimpuphu eyomile, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakuphindwa, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kodaka olukhethekile (udaka oluguquliwe), luyinto ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile. Indima ebalulekile ye-cellulose ether encibilikayo emanzini ku-mortar inezici ezintathu, enye ikhono elihle kakhulu lokugcina amanzi, enye ithonya ekuhambisaneni kanye ne-thixotropy yodaka, kanti eyesithathu ukusebenzisana nesamente. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-cellulose ether uncike ekumuncweni kwamanzi kwesendlalelo esiyisisekelo, ukwakheka kodaka, ukujiya kwesendlalelo sodaka, isidingo samanzi sodaka, kanye nesikhathi sokusetha kwezinto zokusetha. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether uqobo kuvela ekuncibilikeni nasekuphelelweni kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether uqobo. Njengoba sonke sazi, yize uchungechunge lwama-molecule e-cellulose luqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu e-OH anamanzi amaningi, aluncibiliki emanzini, ngoba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity. Amandla okumanzisa amaqembu e-hydroxyl kuphela awanele ukumboza izibopho ze-hydrogen ezinamandla kanye namandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwama-molecule. Ngakho-ke, ayakhukhumala kuphela kodwa awancibiliki emanzini. Lapho i-substituent ifakwa ku-molecule chain, akuyona nje i-substituent ebhubhisa uchungechunge lwe-hydrogen, kodwa futhi ne-interchain hydrogen bond iyabhujiswa ngenxa yokuhlangana kwe-substituent phakathi kwamaketanga aseduze. Lapho i-substituent inkulu, ibanga eliphakathi kwama-molecule likhulu. Lapho ibanga likhulu. Lapho umphumela wokubhubhisa izibopho ze-hydrogen umkhulu, i-cellulose ether iba yincibilika emanzini ngemva kokuba i-cellulose lattice ikhula futhi isixazululo singena, sakhe isixazululo esinomfutho ophezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukumanzisa kwe-polymer kuba buthaka, futhi amanzi phakathi kwamaketanga ayaxoshwa. Lapho umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi wanele, ama-molecule aqala ukuhlangana, akha ijeli yesakhiwo senethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu bese egoqwa.
Izici ezithinta ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar zifaka phakathi i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, inani elingeziwe, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kokusetshenziswa.
Uma i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether inkulu, kulapho ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono khona. I-Viscosity iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-MC. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi be-MC abahlukene basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene namathuluzi ukukala i-viscosity ye-MC. Izindlela eziyinhloko yiHaake Rotovisko, iHoppler, i-Ubbelohde kanye neBrookfield. Ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, imiphumela ye-viscosity elinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ihlukile kakhulu, futhi eminye ize ibe nomehluko ophindwe kabili. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa i-viscosity, kumele kwenziwe phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlola ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-rotor, njll.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono. Kodwa-ke, uma i-viscosity iphakeme futhi isisindo sama-molecule se-MC siphakeme, ukwehla okuhambisanayo kokuncibilika kwayo kuzoba nomthelela omubi emandleni nasekusebenzeni kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokujiya ubonakala kakhulu ku-mortar, kodwa awulingani ngokuqondile. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, kulapho i-mortar emanzi izoba yinkimbinkimbi khona, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ibonakala njengokunamathela ku-scraper kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu ku-substrate. Kodwa akusizi ukwandisa amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi uqobo. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okulwa nokuwa akubonakali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanye ama-ether e-methyl cellulose ahlanganisiwe aphakathi nendawo naphansi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi.
Uma inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether lifakwa ku-mortar, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono, futhi uma i-viscosity iphakeme, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono.
Ngosayizi wezinhlayiya, uma izinhlayiya zincane, kuba ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-cellulose ether zithintana namanzi, ubuso buncibilika ngokushesha bese benza ijeli yokugoqa izinto ukuze kuvinjelwe ama-molecule amanzi ukuthi angaqhubeki nokungena. Ngezinye izikhathi ayikwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo futhi ichitheke ngisho nangemva kokuxubha isikhathi eside, kwakha isixazululo esinamafu noma i-agglomeration. Kuthinta kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether, futhi ukuncibilika kungenye yezinto ezibangela ukukhetha i-cellulose ether. Ukuncibilika nakho kuyinkomba yokusebenza ebalulekile ye-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC esetshenziselwa i-dry powder mortar iyadingeka ukuthi ibe yi-powder, enokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphansi, kanti ukuncibilika kwayo kudinga ukuthi u-20% ~ 60% wosayizi wezinhlayiya ube ngaphansi kuka-63um. Ukuncibilika kuthinta ukuncibilika kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-coarse MC ivame ukuba yi-granular, futhi kulula ukuyincibilika emanzini ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa, kodwa izinga lokuncibilika lihamba kancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukusetshenziswa ku-dry powder mortar. Ku-dry powder mortar, i-MC ihlakazeka phakathi kwezinto zokufaka usimende njenge-aggregate, i-filler encane kanye ne-simende, futhi i-fibre encane kuphela engagwema i-methyl cellulose ether agglomeration uma ixutshwa namanzi. Uma i-MC ingezwa ngamanzi ukuze kuncibilikiswe ama-agglomerate, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlakaza nokuncibilikisa. Ukuqina kwe-MC akugcini nje ngokuchitha imali, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amandla endawo e-mortar. Uma i-dry powder mortar enjalo isetshenziswa endaweni enkulu, ijubane lokuqina kwe-dry powder mortar yendawo lizoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi kuzovela imifantu ngenxa yezikhathi ezahlukene zokuqina. Ku-mortar efuthwe ngokwakhiwa kwemishini, isidingo sokuqina siphezulu ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuxuba.
Ubucwebe be-MC bunomthelela othile ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwayo. Ngokuvamile, kuma-ether e-methyl cellulose ane-viscosity efanayo kodwa ubucwebe obuhlukile, ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lokwengeza, uma kuncane kakhulu, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-MC kuhlobene nokushisa okusetshenzisiwe, kanti ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose ether kwehla ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zangempela, udoti owomile uvame ukufakwa ezindaweni ezishisayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (angaphezu kwama-degrees angu-40) ezindaweni eziningi, njengokuplasta kwangaphandle kwe-wall putty ngaphansi kwelanga ehlobo, okuvame ukusheshisa ukuqiniswa kwesimende kanye nokuqina kodoti owomile. Ukwehla kwezinga lokugcina amanzi kuholela emzwelweni osobala wokuthi kokubili ukumelana nokusebenza kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kuyathinteka, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ithonya lezici zokushisa ngaphansi kwalesi simo. Nakuba izithasiselo ze-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether okwamanje zibhekwa njengezihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe, ukuncika kwazo ekushiseni kusazoholela ebuthakathakeni bokusebenza kodoti owomile. Nakuba inani le-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose landa (ifomula yasehlobo), ukumelana nokusebenza kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Ngokwelashwa okukhethekile ku-MC, njengokwandisa izinga lokushintshashintsha kwe-ether, njll., umphumela wokugcina amanzi ungagcinwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kanye ne-thixotropy ye-cellulose ether: umsebenzi wesibili we-cellulose ether – ukuqina kuncike ku: izinga lokupholimetha kwe-cellulose ether, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo, izinga lokugunda, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izimo. Impahla ye-gelling yesisombululo ihlukile ku-alkyl cellulose kanye ne-derivatives yayo eguquliwe. Izakhiwo ze-gelation zihlobene nezinga lokushintsha, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo kanye nezithasiselo. Kuma-derivatives aguquliwe e-hydroxyalkyl, izakhiwo ze-gel zihlobene nezinga lokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxyalkyl. Kuma-MC aphansi e-viscosity kanye ne-HPMC, isixazululo esingu-10%-15% singalungiswa, i-MC ephakathi ne-viscosity kanye ne-HPMC zingalungiswa isixazululo esingu-5%-10%, kuyilapho i-MC ephezulu ye-viscosity kanyeI-HPMCIngalungisa kuphela isixazululo esingu-2%-3%, futhi Ngokuvamile ukuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ether nakho kulinganiswa ngesisombululo esingu-1%-2%. I-cellulose ether enesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu inokusebenza kahle kokujiya okuphezulu. Esixazululweni esifanayo sokujiya, ama-polymer anesisindo sama-molecule ahlukene anokuqina okuhlukile. Izinga eliphezulu. I-viscosity eqondiwe ingatholakala kuphela ngokungeza inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether enesisindo sama-molecule aphansi. I-viscosity yayo ayincikile kakhulu esilinganisweni sokucheba, futhi i-viscosity ephezulu ifinyelela i-viscosity eqondiwe, futhi inani lokwengeza elidingekayo lincane, futhi i-viscosity incike ekusebenzeni kahle kokujiya. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufezwe ukuvumelana okuthile, inani elithile le-cellulose ether (ukugxilwa kwesisombululo) kanye ne-viscosity yesisombululo kumele kuqinisekiswe. Izinga lokushisa le-gel lesisombululo nalo liyehla ngokuhambisana nokwanda kokugxilwa kwesisombululo, kanye nama-gel ekushiseni kwegumbi ngemva kokufinyelela ukugxilwa okuthile. Ukugxilwa kwe-gelling kwe-HPMC kuphakeme kakhulu ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Ukuvumelana kungalungiswa futhi ngokukhetha usayizi wezinhlayiya nokukhetha ama-cellulose ethers anamazinga ahlukene okuguqulwa. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa ukwethula izinga elithile lokushintshana kwamaqembu e-hydroxyalkyl esakhiweni samathambo se-MC. Ngokushintsha amanani okushintshana ahlobene ama-substituents amabili, okungukuthi, amanani okushintshana ahlobene e-DS kanye ne-ms amaqembu e-methoxy kanye ne-hydroxyalkyl esivame ukuwasho. Izidingo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-cellulose ether zingatholakala ngokushintsha amanani okushintshana ahlobene ama-substituents amabili.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvumelana nokuguqulwa: ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwe-mortar, ukushintsha isilinganiso samanzi nesimende samanzi kungumphumela wokujiya, lapho umthamo uphakeme, kulapho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kukhulu khona.
Ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha eziphuphuthelwe kumele ancibilike ngokushesha emanzini abandayo futhi anikeze ukuqina okufanele ohlelweni. Uma inikezwe izinga elithile lokucheba, isalokhu iba yi-flocculent kanye ne-colloidal block, okuwumkhiqizo ongaphansi kwezinga noma wekhwalithi embi.
Kukhona futhi ubudlelwano obuhle obuqondile phakathi kokuvumelana kwe-cement paste kanye nomthamo we-cellulose ether. I-Cellulose ether ingakhulisa kakhulu i-viscosity ye-mortar. Uma umthamo umkhulu, umphumela uba sobala kakhulu. Isixazululo samanzi se-cellulose ether esine-viscosity ephezulu sine-thixotropy ephezulu, okuyisici esiyinhloko se-cellulose ether. Izixazululo zamanzi zama-polymer e-MC zivame ukuba ne-pseudoplastic kanye ne-non-thixotropic fluidity ngaphansi kokushisa kwejeli yazo, kodwa izakhiwo zokugeleza kwe-Newtonian ngamanani aphansi okushefa. I-Pseudoplasticity iyanda ngesisindo sama-molecule noma ukuhlushwa kwe-cellulose ether, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwe-substituent kanye nezinga lokushintsha. Ngakho-ke, ama-cellulose ethers ebanga elifanayo le-viscosity, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-MC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, azohlala ebonisa izakhiwo ezifanayo ze-rheological inqobo nje uma ukuhlushwa kanye nokushisa kugcinwa kungaguquki. Ama-gel esakhiwo akhiwa lapho izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswa, futhi kwenzeka ukugeleza kwe-thixotropic ephezulu. Ama-cellulose ethers ane-viscosity ephezulu kanye ne-viscosity ephansi abonisa i-thixotropy ngisho nangaphansi kokushisa kwejeli. Le mpahla inenzuzo enkulu ekulungisweni kokulevelishwa nokugoba ekwakhiweni kwe-mortar yokwakha. Kudingeka kuchazwe lapha ukuthi lapho i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether iphakeme, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono, kodwa lapho i-viscosity iphakama, isisindo sama-molecule se-cellulose ether siphakeme, kanye nokwehla okuhambisanayo kokuncibilika kwayo, okunomthelela omubi ekugxilweni kwe-mortar kanye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa. Lapho i-viscosity iphakeme, kusobala kakhulu ukuthi umphumela wokujiya ku-mortar, kodwa awulingani ngokuphelele. I-viscosity ethile ephakathi nephansi, kodwa i-modified cellulose ether inokusebenza okungcono ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi. Ngokukhula kwe-viscosity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuyathuthuka.
Ukubuyiselwa emuva kwe-cellulose ether: Umsebenzi wesithathu we-cellulose ether ukubambezela inqubo yokumunca usimende. I-cellulose ether inika udoti izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezizuzisayo, futhi inciphisa ukushisa kokuqala kokumunca kwesimende futhi ilibazise inqubo eguquguqukayo yokumunca isimende. Lokhu akulungile ukusetshenziswa kodoti ezindaweni ezibandayo. Lo mphumela wokumunca ubangelwa ukumuncwa kwama-molecule e-cellulose ether emikhiqizweni yokumunca efana ne-CSH ne-ca(OH)2. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore, i-cellulose ether inciphisa ukuhamba kwama-ion esixazululweni, ngaleyo ndlela ilibazise inqubo yokumunca. Lapho ukumunca kwe-cellulose ether ezintweni zejeli yamaminerali kuphezulu, kulapho umphumela wokumunca ubonakala khona. I-Cellulose ether ayigcini nje ngokulibazisa ukusetha, kodwa futhi ilibazisa inqubo yokuqina kohlelo lwejeli yesimende. Umphumela wokumunca we-cellulose ether awuxhomekile kuphela ekumisweni kwayo ohlelweni lwejeli yamaminerali, kodwa futhi nasekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali. Lapho izinga le-methylation ye-HEMC liphezulu, kulapho umphumela wokumunca we-cellulose ether uba ngcono. Isilinganiso sokushintshaniswa kwe-hydrophilic nokushintshaniswa okwandisa amanzi Umphumela wokulibazisa unamandla kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether ayinawo umthelela omkhulu ku-kinetics ye-hydration yesimende.
Ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, isikhathi sokusetha se-mortar sanda kakhulu. Kukhona ubudlelwano obuhle obungaqondile phakathi kwesikhathi sokuqala sokusetha se-mortar nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, kanye nobudlelwano obuhle obuqondile phakathi kwesikhathi sokugcina sokusetha nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether. Singalawula isikhathi sokusebenza se-mortar ngokushintsha inani le-cellulose ether.
Ngamafuphi, ku-mortar exutshwe ngomumo,i-cellulose etheridlala indima ekugcinweni kwamanzi, ekuqineni, ekubambezeleni amandla okumunca usimende, kanye nasekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokwakhiwa. Umthamo omuhle wokugcina amanzi wenza ukumunca usimende kuphelele, kungathuthukisa ukujiya okumanzi kwesimende esimanzi, kwandise amandla okubopha kwesimende, futhi kulungise isikhathi. Ukwengeza i-cellulose ether kusimende sokufafaza ngomshini kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokufafaza noma kokupompa kanye namandla esakhiwo sesimende. Ngakho-ke, i-cellulose ether isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithasiselo esibalulekile kusimende esixutshwe ngomumo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-28-2024