A cikin turmi da aka shirya, adadin ƙarin cellulose ether yana da ƙasa sosai, amma yana iya inganta aikin turmi mai jika sosai, kuma babban ƙari ne wanda ke shafar aikin ginin turmi. Zaɓin da ya dace na ethers cellulose iri-iri, viscosities daban-daban, girman barbashi daban-daban, matakan danko daban-daban da ƙarin adadin zai yi tasiri mai kyau akan inganta aikin turmi busasshe. A halin yanzu, turmi da yawa na dutse da filastik ba su da aikin riƙe ruwa mai kyau, kuma slurry ɗin ruwa zai rabu bayan 'yan mintuna kaɗan na tsayawa.
Rike ruwa muhimmin aiki ne na methylcellulose ether, kuma wani aiki ne da masana'antun turmi na busasshe na cikin gida, musamman waɗanda ke yankunan kudu masu yanayin zafi mai yawa, ke mai da hankali a kai. Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin riƙe ruwa na turmi na busasshen cakuda sun haɗa da adadin MC da aka ƙara, ɗanɗanon MC, ɗanɗanon barbashi da zafin yanayin amfani.
Cellulose ether wani nau'in polymer ne da aka yi daga cellulose na halitta ta hanyar gyaran sinadarai. Cellulose ether wani nau'in cellulose ne da aka samo daga cellulose na halitta. Samar da cellulose ether ya bambanta da polymers na roba. Mafi mahimmancin kayansa shine cellulose, wani mahaɗin polymer na halitta. Saboda takamaiman tsarin cellulose na halitta, cellulose kanta ba ta da ikon yin aiki tare da wakilan etherification. Duk da haka, bayan maganin maganin kumburi, haɗin hydrogen mai ƙarfi tsakanin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta da sarƙoƙi suna lalacewa, kuma sakin ƙungiyar hydroxyl mai aiki ya zama cellulose mai amsawa. Sami cellulose ether.
Halayen ethers na cellulose sun dogara ne akan nau'in, adadi da rarrabawar abubuwan maye. Rarraba ethers na cellulose kuma ya dogara ne akan nau'in abubuwan maye, matakin etherification, narkewa da halayen aikace-aikacen da suka shafi hakan. Dangane da nau'in abubuwan maye akan sarkar kwayoyin halitta, ana iya raba shi zuwa monoether da gauraye ether. MC da muke amfani da shi yawanci shine monoether, kuma HPMC gauraye ether ne. Methyl cellulose ether MC shine samfurin bayan an maye gurbin ƙungiyar hydroxyl akan sashin glucose na cellulose na halitta da methoxy. Wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar hydroxyl akan naúrar an maye gurbinsa da rukunin methoxy, kuma ɗayan ɓangaren an maye gurbinsa da rukunin hydroxypropyl. Ethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, waɗannan sune manyan nau'ikan da ake amfani da su sosai kuma ana sayarwa a kasuwa.
Dangane da narkewar sinadaran, ana iya raba shi zuwa ionic da non-ionic. Ethers cellulose marasa ionic masu narkewa cikin ruwa galibi sun ƙunshi jerin alkyl ethers guda biyu da hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ana amfani da Ionic CMC galibi a cikin sabulun sabulu na roba, buga yadi da rini, binciken abinci da mai. Ana amfani da Non-ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, da sauransu galibi a cikin kayan gini, shafa latex, magani, sinadarai na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Ana amfani da su azaman mai kauri, wakilin riƙe ruwa, mai daidaita, mai wargazawa da wakilin samar da fim.
Rikewar Ruwa na Cellulose Ether: A cikin samar da kayan gini, musamman busasshen turmi na foda, cellulose ether yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, musamman a cikin samar da turmi na musamman (turmi da aka gyara), abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci. Muhimmin rawar da cellulose ether mai narkewa a cikin turmi ke takawa a cikin turmi galibi yana da fannoni uku, ɗaya shine kyakkyawan ƙarfin riƙe ruwa, ɗayan kuma shine tasirin daidaito da thixotropy na turmi, kuma na uku shine hulɗa da siminti. Tasirin riƙe ruwa na cellulose ether ya dogara da shan ruwa na layin tushe, abun da ke cikin turmi, kauri na layin turmi, buƙatar ruwa na turmi, da lokacin saita kayan saitawa. Rike ruwa na cellulose ether da kansa ya fito ne daga narkewa da bushewar cellulose ether da kanta. Kamar yadda muka sani, kodayake sarkar kwayoyin cellulose ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ƙungiyoyin OH masu ruwa sosai, ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, saboda tsarin cellulose yana da babban matakin crystallinity. Ikon ruwa na ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl kaɗai bai isa ya rufe ƙarfin haɗin hydrogen da ƙarfin van der Waals tsakanin ƙwayoyin ba. Saboda haka, yana kumbura ne kawai amma ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa. Lokacin da aka shigar da wani abu a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta, ba wai kawai abin da ke cikin sarkar hydrogen ba ne, har ma haɗin hydrogen na interchain yana lalacewa saboda haɗin abin da ke cikin sarkar da ke maƙwabtaka. Mafi girman abin da ke cikin sarkar, mafi girman nisa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Mafi girman nisa. Mafi girman tasirin lalata haɗin hydrogen, cellulose ether yana narkewa cikin ruwa bayan layin cellulose ya faɗaɗa kuma maganin ya shiga, yana samar da mafita mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ruwan polymer ɗin yana rauni, kuma ruwan da ke tsakanin sarkar zai fita. Lokacin da tasirin bushewa ya isa, ƙwayoyin suna fara taruwa, suna samar da gel mai girma uku kuma suna naɗewa.
Abubuwan da ke shafar riƙe ruwa na turmi sun haɗa da ɗanɗanon cellulose ether, adadin da aka ƙara, ƙanƙantar ƙwayoyin halitta da zafin amfani.
Girman danko na cellulose ether, haka nan ingancin aikin riƙe ruwa yake. Danko muhimmin ma'auni ne na aikin MC. A halin yanzu, masana'antun MC daban-daban suna amfani da hanyoyi da kayan aiki daban-daban don auna danko na MC. Manyan hanyoyin sune Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde da Brookfield. Ga samfurin iri ɗaya, sakamakon danko da aka auna ta hanyoyi daban-daban ya bambanta sosai, kuma wasu ma suna da bambance-bambance ninki biyu. Saboda haka, lokacin kwatanta danko, dole ne a yi shi tsakanin hanyoyin gwaji iri ɗaya, gami da zafin jiki, rotor, da sauransu.
Gabaɗaya dai, idan girman danko ya yi yawa, to tasirin riƙe ruwa zai fi kyau. Duk da haka, idan girman danko ya yi yawa da kuma girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na MC, raguwar narkewar sa zai yi mummunan tasiri ga ƙarfi da aikin ginin turmi. Yayin da girman danko ya yi yawa, to tasirin kauri a turmi zai bayyana, amma ba daidai yake ba. Yayin da girman danko ya yi yawa, tofin da ya yi yawa zai yi yawa, wato, yayin gini, yana bayyana a matsayin manne wa abin gogewa da kuma mannewa mai yawa ga substrate. Amma ba shi da amfani a ƙara ƙarfin tsarin turmi da ya yi yawa. A lokacin gini, aikin hana sag ba a bayyane yake ba. Akasin haka, wasu ethers na methyl cellulose masu matsakaici da ƙarancin danko amma waɗanda aka gyara suna da kyakkyawan aiki wajen inganta ƙarfin tsarin turmi da ya yi yawa.
Mafi girman adadin cellulose ether da aka ƙara a cikin turmi, mafi kyawun aikin riƙe ruwa, da kuma yawan ɗanko, mafi kyawun aikin riƙe ruwa.
Don girman barbashi, gwargwadon yadda barbashi ya fi ƙanƙanta, haka nan ma riƙe ruwa zai fi kyau. Bayan manyan barbashi na cellulose ether suka haɗu da ruwa, saman zai narke nan take ya samar da gel don naɗe kayan don hana ƙwayoyin ruwa ci gaba da shiga. Wani lokaci ba za a iya warwatse shi gaba ɗaya ba ko da bayan an daɗe ana juyawa, yana samar da ruwan da ke ɗauke da gajimare ko haɗuwa. Yana shafar riƙewar cellulose ether ruwa sosai, kuma narkewa yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da zaɓar cellulose ether. Tsanani kuma muhimmin ma'aunin aiki ne na methyl cellulose ether. Ana buƙatar MC da ake amfani da shi don busasshen turmi ya zama foda, tare da ƙarancin ruwa, kuma tsanani kuma yana buƙatar kashi 20% ~ 60% na girman barbashi ya zama ƙasa da 63um. Tsanani yana shafar narkewar methyl cellulose ether. Tsanani MC yawanci yana da granular, kuma yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa ba tare da haɗuwa ba, amma ƙimar narkewar yana da jinkiri sosai, don haka bai dace da amfani da shi a cikin busasshen turmi na foda ba. A cikin busasshen turmi na foda, ana rarraba MC tsakanin kayan siminti kamar su tarawa, filler mai kyau da siminti, kuma foda mai kyau kawai zai iya guje wa tarawa methyl cellulose ether lokacin da ake haɗa shi da ruwa. Lokacin da aka ƙara MC da ruwa don narkar da tarawa, yana da matukar wahala a warwatse da narkewa. Tauraron MC ba wai kawai yana ɓatarwa ba ne, har ma yana rage ƙarfin turmi na gida. Lokacin da aka shafa irin wannan turmi na busasshe a babban yanki, saurin warkar da turmi na busasshe na gida zai ragu sosai, kuma tsagewa za su bayyana saboda lokutan warkarwa daban-daban. Ga turmi da aka fesa tare da ginin injiniya, buƙatar tarawa ya fi girma saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin haɗawa.
Ingancin MC kuma yana da wani tasiri a kan riƙe ruwa. Gabaɗaya, ga ethers na methyl cellulose masu ɗanko iri ɗaya amma suna da ɗanko daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin adadin ƙari iri ɗaya, mafi ƙanƙanta mafi ƙanƙanta mafi kyawun tasirin riƙe ruwa.
Rikewar ruwa na MC yana da alaƙa da zafin da ake amfani da shi, kuma riƙewar ruwa na methyl cellulose ether yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki. Duk da haka, a aikace-aikacen kayan aiki na gaske, ana amfani da turmi busasshe a kan abubuwan da ke da zafi a yanayin zafi mai yawa (fiye da digiri 40) a wurare da yawa, kamar shafa fenti a bango a ƙarƙashin rana a lokacin rani, wanda sau da yawa yana hanzarta Warkewa da siminti da taurare busasshen turmi. Ragewar yawan riƙe ruwa yana haifar da jin cewa juriyar aiki da tsagewa suna shafar, kuma yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a rage tasirin abubuwan zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin. Kodayake a halin yanzu ana ɗaukar ƙarin methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether a matsayin kan gaba a ci gaban fasaha, dogaro da su akan zafin jiki har yanzu zai haifar da raguwar aikin turmi busasshen foda. Kodayake adadin methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ya ƙaru (tsarin bazara), ƙarfin aiki da juriyar tsagewa har yanzu ba za su iya biyan buƙatun amfani ba. Ta hanyar wasu jiyya na musamman akan MC, kamar ƙara matakin etherification, da sauransu, ana iya kiyaye tasirin riƙe ruwa a mafi girman zafin jiki, don haka zai iya samar da ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai wahala.
Bugu da ƙari, kauri da thixotropy na cellulose ether: aiki na biyu na cellulose ether - kauri ya dogara da: matakin polymerization na cellulose ether, yawan ruwan da ke cikinsa, saurin yankewa, zafin jiki da sauran yanayi. Kayan Gelling na maganin ya keɓance ga alkyl cellulose da kayan da aka gyara. Kayan Gelation suna da alaƙa da matakin maye gurbinsa, yawan ruwan da aka gyara da ƙari. Ga kayan da aka gyara na hydroxyalkyl, kayan gel ɗin suma suna da alaƙa da matakin gyara na hydroxyalkyl. Ga ƙarancin ruwan da ke cikin MC da HPMC, ana iya shirya maganin 10%-15%, matsakaicin ruwan da ke cikin MC da HPMC za a iya shirya maganin 5%-10%, yayin da babban ruwan da ke cikin MC daHPMCzai iya shirya maganin kashi 2%-3% kawai, kuma yawanci ana rarraba sinadarin cellulose ether ta hanyar amfani da maganin kashi 1%-2%. Babban sinadarin cellulose ether mai nauyin kwayoyin halitta yana da inganci mai yawa na kauri. A cikin maganin kashi ɗaya, polymers masu nauyin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna da bambance-bambancen viscosities. Babban mataki. Ana iya cimma dankowar da ake so ne kawai ta hanyar ƙara yawan sinadarin cellulose ether mai nauyin kwayoyin halitta. Dankowar sa ba ta dogara sosai kan yawan yankewa ba, kuma babban dankowar ya kai dankowar da ake so, kuma adadin da ake buƙata na ƙarin abu kaɗan ne, kuma dankowar ya dogara ne akan ingancin kauri. Saboda haka, don cimma daidaito, dole ne a tabbatar da wani adadin cellulose ether (tattarawar maganin) da dankowar mafita. Zafin gel na maganin kuma yana raguwa a layi tare da ƙaruwar yawan sinadarin, da kuma gels a zafin jiki na ɗaki bayan ya kai wani adadin. Yawan sinadarin gelling na HPMC yana da yawa a zafin jiki na ɗaki.
Haka kuma ana iya daidaita daidaito ta hanyar zaɓar girman barbashi da zaɓar ƙwayoyin cellulose masu matakai daban-daban na gyara. Abin da ake kira gyare-gyare shine gabatar da wani mataki na maye gurbin ƙungiyoyin hydroxyalkyl akan tsarin kwarangwal na MC. Ta hanyar canza ƙimar maye gurbin dangi na ƙungiyoyin biyu, wato, ƙimar maye gurbin dangi na DS da ms na ƙungiyoyin methoxy da hydroxyalkyl waɗanda muke yawan faɗi. Ana iya samun buƙatun aiki daban-daban na cellulose ether ta hanyar canza ƙimar maye gurbin dangi na ƙungiyoyin biyu.
Alaƙa tsakanin daidaito da gyare-gyare: ƙara cellulose ether yana shafar yawan turmi da ake sha, canza rabon ruwa da siminti shine tasirin kauri, mafi girman adadin da ake sha, mafi girman yawan amfani da ruwa.
Dole ne ƙwayoyin cellulose da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan gini na foda su narke da sauri a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma su samar da daidaito mai dacewa ga tsarin. Idan aka ba da wani takamaiman matakin yankewa, har yanzu yana zama toshewar flocculent da colloidal, wanda samfuri ne mara inganci ko mara inganci.
Akwai kuma kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin daidaiton manna siminti da kuma yawan sinadarin cellulose ether. Cellulose ether na iya ƙara yawan sinadarin turmi sosai. Girman da aka yi amfani da shi, haka nan tasirin yake bayyana. Maganin ruwa mai ƙarfi na cellulose ether yana da babban sinadarin thixotropy, wanda kuma babban siffa ne na cellulose ether. Maganin ruwa na polymers na MC yawanci yana da sinadarin pseudoplastic da wanda ba shi da sinadarin thixotropic a ƙasa da zafin gel ɗinsu, amma halayen kwararar Newtonian a ƙarancin saurin yankewa. Pseudoplasticity yana ƙaruwa tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta ko yawan sinadarin cellulose ether, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in maye gurbin da matakin maye gurbin ba. Saboda haka, ƙwayoyin cellulose na matakin danko iri ɗaya, komai MC, HPMC, HEMC, koyaushe za su nuna irin wannan halayen rheological matuƙar yawan sinadarin da zafin jiki suna nan a tsaye. Ana samar da gels na tsari lokacin da aka ɗaga zafin jiki, kuma kwararar thixotropic sosai suna faruwa. Babban sinadarin da ƙarancin sinadarin cellulose ethers suna nuna thixotropy ko da ƙasa da zafin gel. Wannan kadarar tana da babban fa'ida ga daidaitawar daidaitawa da raguwa a cikin ginin turmi na gini. Ya kamata a yi bayani a nan cewa yawan danko na cellulose ether, haka nan yawan riƙe ruwa yake, amma yawan danko, haka nan yawan nauyin cellulose ether, da kuma raguwar narkewar sa, wanda hakan ke da mummunan tasiri ga yawan turmi da aikin gini. Yayin da danko yake kara girma, haka nan tasirin kauri a turmi yake kara bayyana, amma ba shi da cikakken daidaito. Wasu danko mai matsakaici da karanci, amma cellulose ether da aka gyara yana da kyakkyawan aiki wajen inganta karfin tsarin turmi mai danshi. Tare da karuwar danko, rikon cellulose ether yana inganta.
Ragewar sinadarin cellulose ether: Aiki na uku na sinadarin cellulose ether shine jinkirta tsarin sinadarin siminti. Cellulose ether yana ba da turmi da wasu fa'idodi masu amfani, kuma yana rage zafin siminti da wuri kuma yana jinkirta tsarin sinadarin siminti. Wannan ba shi da kyau ga amfani da turmi a yankuna masu sanyi. Wannan tasirin ragewar yana faruwa ne sakamakon shaƙar ƙwayoyin cellulose ether akan samfuran sinadarin kamar CSH da ca(OH)2. Saboda ƙaruwar danko na maganin rami, sinadarin cellulose ether yana rage motsi na ions a cikin maganin, wanda hakan ke jinkirta tsarin sinadarin. Mafi girman yawan sinadarin cellulose ether a cikin kayan sinadarin gel, mafi girman tasirin jinkirin sinadarin. Cellulose ether ba wai kawai yana jinkirta saitin ba ne, har ma yana jinkirta tsarin taurare na tsarin siminti. Tasirin ragewar sinadarin cellulose ether ya dogara ba kawai akan yawan sinadarin da ke cikin tsarin sinadarin gel ba, har ma akan tsarin sinadarai. Mafi girman matakin methylation na HEMC, mafi kyawun tasirin ragewar sinadarin cellulose ether. Rabon maye gurbin hydrophilic zuwa maye gurbin da ke ƙara ruwa. Tasirin ragewar sinadarin ya fi ƙarfi. Duk da haka, ɗanɗanon cellulose ether ba shi da wani tasiri sosai akan motsin hydration na siminti.
Tare da ƙaruwar yawan sinadarin cellulose ether, lokacin saita turmi yana ƙaruwa sosai. Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa mara layi tsakanin lokacin saita turmi da abun da ke cikin cellulose ether, da kuma kyakkyawar alaƙa mai layi tsakanin lokacin saitawa na ƙarshe da abun da ke cikin cellulose ether. Za mu iya sarrafa lokacin aiki na turmi ta hanyar canza adadin cellulose ether.
A taƙaice, a cikin turmi mai gauraye da aka shirya,cellulose etheryana taka rawa wajen riƙe ruwa, kauri, jinkirta ƙarfin ruwa na siminti, da kuma inganta aikin gini. Kyakkyawan ƙarfin riƙe ruwa yana sa ruwan siminti ya zama cikakke, yana iya inganta ɗanɗanon danshi na turmi mai jika, ƙara ƙarfin haɗin turmi, da kuma daidaita lokaci. Ƙara cellulose ether a cikin turmi mai fesawa na injiniya na iya inganta aikin fesawa ko famfo da ƙarfin tsarin turmi. Saboda haka, ana amfani da cellulose ether sosai a matsayin muhimmin ƙari a cikin turmi mai gauraye.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-28-2024