Kwi-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungisiwe, ubungakanani bokongeza i-cellulose ether buphantsi kakhulu, kodwa bunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, kwaye sisongezelelo esiphambili esichaphazela ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo ii-ether ze-cellulose zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ubunzulu obahlukeneyo, ubungakanani obuhlukeneyo bee-particle, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-viscosity kunye nobungakanani obongezelelweyo kuya kuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-mortar eyomileyo. Okwangoku, ii-mortar ezininzi ze-masonry kunye ne-plastering zinomgangatho ophantsi wokugcina amanzi, kwaye i-slurry yamanzi iya kwahluka emva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo we-methyli-cellulose ether, kwaye ikwayindlela yokusebenza enikwa ingqalelo ngabaninzi abavelisi bemortar yomxube owomileyo basekhaya, ingakumbi abo bakwimimandla esemazantsi enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Izinto ezichaphazela isiphumo sokugcina amanzi semortar yomxube owomileyo ziquka ubungakanani beMC eyongeziweyo, i-viscosity ye-MC, ubuncinci bee-particles kunye nobushushu bendawo yokusetyenziswa.
I-Cellulose ether yi-polymer eyenziweyo eyenziwe nge-cellulose yendalo ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. I-Cellulose ether yi-derivative ye-cellulose yendalo. Ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ether kwahlukile kwii-polymers zokwenziwa. Izinto zayo ezisisiseko yi-cellulose, i-compound yendalo ye-polymer. Ngenxa yobuchule besakhiwo se-cellulose yendalo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinakho ukusabela kunye nee-agents ze-etherification. Nangona kunjalo, emva konyango lwe-agent yokudumba, ii-hydrogen bonds ezinamandla phakathi kwee-chain ze-molecular kunye nee-chain ziyatshatyalaliswa, kwaye ukukhululwa okusebenzayo kweqela le-hydroxyl kuba yi-reactive alkali cellulose. Fumana i-cellulose ether.
Iipropati zee-cellulose ethers zixhomekeke kuhlobo, inani kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Uhlu lwee-cellulose ethers lukwasekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo, inqanaba le-etherification, ukunyibilika kunye neepropati zokusetyenziswa ezinxulumene noko. Ngokweentlobo zezinto ezithatha indawo kwi-molecular chain, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether kunye ne-mixed ether. I-MC esihlala siyisebenzisa yi-monoether, kwaye i-HPMC yi-mixed ether. I-Methyl cellulose ether MC yimveliso emva kokuba iqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose ye-natural cellulose ithathelwe indawo yi-methoxy. Inxalenye yeqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ithathelwa indawo liqela le-methoxy, kwaye elinye iqela lithathelwa indawo liqela le-hydroxypropyl. I-Ethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, ezi zezona ntlobo ziphambili ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike.
Ngokuphathelele ukunyibilika, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ionic kunye ne-non-ionic. Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezingengo-ionic zenziwe ikakhulu ngothotho lwe-alkyl ethers kunye nee-hydroxyalkyl ethers. I-Ionic CMC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiisepha zokwenziwa, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya ilaphu, uphando lokutya kunye neoyile. Ii-non-ionic MC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, njl.njl. zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwakha, kwiingubo ze-latex, kumayeza, kwiikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, njl.njl. Zisetyenziswa njenge-thickener, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-stabilizer, i-dispersant kunye ne-arhente yokwenza ifilimu.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether: Ekwenzeni izixhobo zokwakha, ingakumbi i-dry powder mortar, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakutshintshwa, ngakumbi ekuvelisweni kwe-mortar ekhethekileyo (i-modified mortar), yinto ebaluleke kakhulu nebalulekileyo. Indima ebalulekileyo ye-cellulose ether enyibilikayo emanzini kwi-mortar ikakhulu inemiba emithathu, enye kukugcina amanzi kakuhle, enye yimpembelelo ekuhambelaneni kunye ne-thixotropy ye-mortar, kwaye eyesithathu kukusebenzisana nesamente. Isiphumo sokugcina amanzi se-cellulose ether sixhomekeke ekufunxeni kwamanzi kwi-base maleage, ukwakheka kwe-mortar, ubukhulu be-mortar maleage, imfuno yamanzi ye-mortar, kunye nexesha lokubeka izinto. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo kuvela ekunyibilikeni nasekuphelelweni kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo. Njengoko sonke sisazi, nangona i-cellulose molecular chain inenani elikhulu lamaqela e-OH anokufuma kakhulu, ayinyibiliki emanzini, kuba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity. Amandla okufunxa amanzi ee-hydroxyl groups zodwa awanelanga ukugubungela ii-hydrogen bonds ezinamandla kunye namandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwee-molecules. Ke ngoko, iyakhukhumala kuphela kodwa ayinyibiliki emanzini. Xa i-substituent ingeniswa kwi-molecular chain, ayisiyo-substituent kuphela etshabalalisa i-hydrogen chain, kodwa ne-interchain hydrogen bond iyatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokudibana kwe-substituent phakathi kwee-chain ezikufutshane. Okukhona i-substituent inkulu, kokukhona umgama phakathi kwee-molecules umkhulu. Okukhona umgama umkhulu. Okukhona isiphumo sokutshabalalisa ii-hydrogen bonds sikhulu, i-cellulose ether iba yi-water-soluble emva kokuba i-cellulose lattice isanda kwaye isisombululo singena, senza isisombululo se-high-viscosity. Xa ubushushu bunyuka, i-hydration ye-polymer iba buthathaka, kwaye amanzi phakathi kwee-chain ayakhutshwa. Xa isiphumo sokuphelelwa ngamanzi sanele, ii-molecules ziqala ukuhlangana, zenze i-three-dimensional network structure gel kwaye zigoqwe.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar ziquka i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, ubungakanani bayo, ubuncinci bee-particles kunye nobushushu bokusetyenziswa.
Okukhona i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether inkulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuphucuka. I-Viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-MC. Okwangoku, abavelisi be-MC abahlukeneyo basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity ye-MC. Iindlela eziphambili yiHaake Rotovisko, iHoppler, i-Ubbelohde kunye neBrookfield. Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo ze-viscosity ezilinganiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide zibe nomahluko ophindwe kabini. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa i-viscosity, kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kweendlela zovavanyo ezifanayo, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu kwaye ubunzima be-molecular ye-MC buphezulu, ukwehla kokunyibilika kwayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokutyeba sibonakala ngakumbi kwi-mortar, kodwa ayilingani ngokuthe ngqo. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-mortar emanzi iya kuba ne-viscous ngakumbi, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ibonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate. Kodwa akuncedi ukwandisa amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi ngokwayo. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okuchasene nokuhla akubonakali. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye i-viscosity ephakathi nephantsi kodwa i-modified methyl cellulose ethers zisebenza kakuhle ekuphuculeni amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi.
Okukhona i-cellulose ether ingaphezulu kwi-mortar, kokukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-water retention ingcono.
Ngobungakanani besuntswana, kokukhona isuntswana licolekile, kokukhona ligcina amanzi. Emva kokuba amasuntswana amakhulu e-cellulose ether edibana namanzi, umphezulu uyanyibilika ngoko nangoko uze wenze ijeli yokusonga izinto ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba iimolekyuli zamanzi zingaqhubeki zingena. Ngamanye amaxesha ayinakusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwaye ichithwe nasemva kokuxutywa ixesha elide, yenze isisombululo esinamafu okanye i-agglomeration. Ichaphazela kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi e-cellulose ether, kwaye ukunyibilika yenye yezinto ezibangela ukukhetha i-cellulose ether. Ukucotha kukwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC esetyenziselwa i-dry powder mortar kufuneka ibe yi-powder, enomthamo wamanzi omncinci, kwaye ukucotha kufuna i-20% ~ 60% yobukhulu besuntswana ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwe-63um. Ukucotha kuchaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-coarse MC idla ngokuba yi-granular, kwaye kulula ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini ngaphandle kokudibana, kodwa izinga lokunyibilika licotha kakhulu, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwi-dry powder mortar. Kwi-dry powder mortar, i-MC isasazwa phakathi kwezinto zokufaka isamente ezifana ne-aggregate, i-fine filler kunye nesamente, kwaye yi-powder entle ngokwaneleyo kuphela enokuthintela i-methyl cellulose ether agglomeration xa ixutywa namanzi. Xa i-MC yongezwa ngamanzi ukuze inyibilikise ii-agglomerates, kunzima kakhulu ukuyichitha nokuyinyibilikisa. Ubunzima be-MC abupheleli nje ekuchitheni imali, kodwa bunciphisa namandla engingqi ye-mortar. Xa i-dry powder mortar enjalo isetyenziswa kwindawo enkulu, isantya sokuyilungisa ye-dry powder mortar yendawo siya kuncipha kakhulu, kwaye imingxunya iya kuvela ngenxa yamaxesha ahlukeneyo okunyibilikisa. Kwi-dry mortar etshiziweyo ngokwakhiwa koomatshini, imfuneko yokuyilungisa iphezulu ngenxa yexesha elifutshane lokuxuba.
Ukuqina kwe-MC kunempembelelo ethile ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Ngokubanzi, kwii-ether ze-methyl cellulose ezine-viscosity efanayo kodwa ukuqina okwahlukileyo, phantsi komlinganiselo ofanayo wokongeza, okukhona kuncinci kokukhona kuncinci kokukhona kulungileyo ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-MC kukwanxulumene nobushushu obusetyenziswayo, kwaye ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose ether kuncipha ngokonyuka kobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo zezinto ezibonakalayo, i-dry powder mortar idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (angaphezulu kwama-40 degrees) kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana ne-outer wall putty plastering phantsi kwelanga ehlotyeni, edla ngokukhawulezisa ukuCocwa kwesamente kunye nokuqina kwe-dry powder mortar. Ukwehla kwesantya sokugcina amanzi kukhokelela kwimvakalelo ecacileyo yokuba zombini ukuchasana nokusebenza kunye nokuqhekeka kuyachaphazeleka, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo yezinto zobushushu phantsi kwale meko. Nangona izongezo ze-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether okwangoku zithathwa njengeziphambili kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe, ukuxhomekeka kwazo kubushushu kuya kukhokelela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwe-dry powder mortar. Nangona ubungakanani be-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose bunyukile (ifomula yasehlotyeni), ukuchasana nokusebenza kunye nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Ngonyango oluthile olukhethekileyo kwi-MC, njengokunyusa izinga le-etherification, njl.njl., isiphumo sokugcina amanzi sinokugcinwa kubushushu obuphezulu, ukuze sikwazi ukubonelela ngokusebenza ngcono phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ukongeza, ukuqina kunye ne-thixotropy ye-cellulose ether: umsebenzi wesibini we-cellulose ether - ukuqina kuxhomekeke: kwinqanaba le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, uxinano lwesisombululo, izinga lokucheba, ubushushu kunye nezinye iimeko. Ipropati ye-gelling yesisombululo ikhethekile kwi-alkyl cellulose kunye ne-derivatives zayo eziguquliweyo. Iimpawu ze-gelation zinxulumene nenqanaba lokutshintshwa, uxinano lwesisombululo kunye nezongezo. Kwi-hydroxyalkyl modified derivatives, iimpawu ze-gel zinxulumene nenqanaba lokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxyalkyl. Kwi-viscosity ephantsi ye-MC kunye ne-HPMC, isisombululo se-10%-15% sinokulungiswa, i-viscosity ephakathi ye-MC kunye ne-HPMC zinokulungiswa isisombululo se-5%-10%, ngelixa i-viscosity ephezulu ye-MC kunyeI-HPMCIngalungiselela isisombululo se-2%-3% kuphela, kwaye Ngokwesiqhelo udidi lwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ether lukwahlelwa ngesisombululo se-1%-2%. I-cellulose ether enobunzima obuphezulu beemolekyuli inokusebenza okuphezulu kokutyeba. Kwisisombululo esifanayo sokutyeba, iipolymers ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo beemolekyuli zine-viscosities ezahlukeneyo. Iqondo eliphezulu. I-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo inokufezekiswa kuphela ngokongeza inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether enobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli. I-viscosity yayo ayixhomekekanga kakhulu kwisantya sokucheba, kwaye i-viscosity ephezulu ifikelela kwi-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye inani elongeziweyo elifunekayo lincinci, kwaye i-viscosity ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kokutyeba. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhambelana okuthile, inani elithile le-cellulose ether (uxinzelelo lwesisombululo) kunye ne-viscosity yesisombululo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Ubushushu be-gel yesisombululo buyancipha ngokuthe ngqo ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwesisombululo, kunye nee-gels kubushushu begumbi emva kokufikelela kuxinzelelo oluthile. I-gelling concentration ye-HPMC iphezulu kakhulu kubushushu begumbi.
Ukuvumelana kungalungiswa ngokukhetha ubungakanani besuntswana kunye nokukhetha ii-cellulose ethers ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo okuguqulwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuguqulwa kukungenisa inqanaba elithile lokutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyalkyl kwisakhiwo sesikele se-MC. Ngokutshintsha amaxabiso okutshintshwa okunxulumeneyo kwamaqela amabini atshintshayo, oko kukuthi, amaxabiso okutshintshwa okunxulumeneyo kwe-DS kunye ne-ms kwamaqela e-methoxy kunye ne-hydroxyalkyl esihlala siwathetha. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether zinokufunyanwa ngokutshintsha amaxabiso okutshintshwa okunxulumeneyo kwamaqela amabini atshintshayo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kokungaguquguquki kunye nokuguqulwa: ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwe-mortar, ukutshintsha umlinganiselo wamanzi kunye ne-water-binder wamanzi kunye nesamente yimpembelelo yokuqina, okukhona umthamo uphezulu, kokukhona ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kukhulu.
Ii-cellulose ethers ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokwakha ezigutyiweyo kufuneka zinyibilike ngokukhawuleza emanzini abandayo kwaye zibonelele ngokuqina okufanelekileyo kwenkqubo. Ukuba inikwe isantya esithile sokucheba, iyaqhubeka nokuba yi-flocculent kunye ne-colloidal block, eyimveliso engaphantsi komgangatho okanye ekumgangatho ophantsi.
Kukwakho nolwalamano oluhle oluthe ngqo phakathi kokuhambelana kwe-cement paste kunye nomlinganiselo we-cellulose ether. I-Cellulose ether inokunyusa kakhulu i-viscosity ye-mortar. Okukhona umthamo umkhulu, kokukhona umphumo ubonakala ngakumbi. Isisombululo samanzi se-cellulose ether esine-viscosity ephezulu sine-thixotropy ephezulu, nto leyo ekwaluphawu oluphambili lwe-cellulose ether. Izisombululo zamanzi ze-MC polymers zihlala zine-pseudoplastic kunye ne-non-thixotropic fluidity ngaphantsi kobushushu bazo be-gel, kodwa iipropati ze-Newtonian flow kwizinga eliphantsi lokucheba. I-Pseudoplasticity iyanda ngobunzima be-molecular okanye uxinzelelo lwe-cellulose ether, nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-substituent kunye nenqanaba lokutshintshwa. Ke ngoko, ii-cellulose ethers ze-viscosity grade efanayo, nokuba yi-MC, HPMC, HEMC, ziya kuhlala zibonisa iipropati ezifanayo ze-rheological logama nje uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu zigcinwa zinjalo. Ii-gels zesakhiwo zenziwa xa ubushushu buphakanyisiwe, kwaye kwenzeka ukuhamba kwe-thixotropic ephezulu. Ii-ethers ze-cellulose ezine-viscosity ephezulu kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi zibonisa i-thixotropy nangaphantsi kobushushu be-gel. Le propati iluncedo kakhulu ekulungiseni ukuthambekela kunye nokuwohloka ekwakhiweni kwe-mortar yokwakha. Kufuneka kuchazwe apha ukuba okukhona i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether iphezulu, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuphezulu, kodwa okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona ubunzima be-molecular ye-cellulose ether buphezulu, kunye nokuncipha okufanelekileyo kokunyibilika kwayo, okunefuthe elibi kuxinzelelo lwe-mortar kunye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokutyeba sibonakala ngakumbi kwi-mortar, kodwa asilingani ngokupheleleyo. I-viscosity ephakathi nephantsi, kodwa i-modified cellulose ether inokusebenza ngcono ekuphuculeni amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi. Ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuyaphucuka.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-cellulose ether: Umsebenzi wesithathu we-cellulose ether kukulibazisa inkqubo yokufunxa isamente. I-Cellulose ether inika i-mortar iipropati ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo, kwaye ikwanciphisa ubushushu bokuqala bokufunxa isamente kwaye ilibazise inkqubo yokufunxa isamente. Oku akulunganga ekusebenziseni i-mortar kwiindawo ezibandayo. Esi siphumo sokulibazisa sibangelwa kukufunxa iimolekyuli ze-cellulose ether kwiimveliso zokufunxa ezifana ne-CSH kunye ne-ca(OH)2. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore, i-cellulose ether inciphisa ukuhamba kwee-ions kwisisombululo, ngaloo ndlela ilibazisa inkqubo yokufunxa. Okukhona uxinzelelo lwe-cellulose ether kwizinto ze-mineral gel, kokukhona isiphumo sokulibazisa sibonakala ngakumbi. I-Cellulose ether ayilibaziseki nje kuphela, kodwa ikwalibazisa inkqubo yokuqina kwenkqubo ye-samente mortar. Isiphumo sokulibazisa se-cellulose ether asixhomekekanga kuphela kuxinzelelo lwayo kwinkqubo ye-mineral gel, kodwa nakwisakhiwo seekhemikhali. Okukhona inqanaba le-methylation ye-HEMC liphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokulibazisa se-cellulose ether singcono. Umlinganiselo wokutshintshwa kwe-hydrophilic xa kutshintshwa amanzi. Isiphumo sokulibazisa sinamandla ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether ayinampembelelo ingako kwi-kinetics ye-hydration yesamente.
Njengoko umxholo we-cellulose ether usanda, ixesha lokuseta i-mortar liyanda kakhulu. Kukho ulwalamano oluhle olungekho ngqo phakathi kwexesha lokuqala lokuseta i-mortar kunye nomxholo we-cellulose ether, kunye nolwalamano oluhle oluhambelanayo phakathi kwexesha lokugqibela lokuseta kunye nomxholo we-cellulose ether. Singalawula ixesha lokusebenza kwe-mortar ngokutshintsha ubungakanani be-cellulose ether.
Ukushwankathela, kwisamente esisele sixutyiwe,i-cellulose etherIdlala indima ekugcinweni kwamanzi, ekuqineni, ekulibaziseni amandla okufunxa isamente, nasekuphuculeni ukusebenza kolwakhiwo. Umthamo olungileyo wokugcina amanzi wenza ukufunxa isamente kugqibelele ngakumbi, kunokuphucula ukuxinana okumanzi kwesamente emanzi, konyuse amandla okubopha kwesamente, kwaye kulungiswe ixesha. Ukongeza i-cellulose ether kwisamente yokutshiza ngoomatshini kunokuphucula ukusebenza kokutshiza okanye kokupompa kunye namandla olwakhiwo lwesamente. Ke ngoko, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo kwisamente esele ixutyiwe.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-28-2024